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§ Nuclear scientist from Italy
§ Fascinated by the theory of relativity
§ Discovered Neptunium
§ He unknowingly witnessed nuclear
fission
§ Received Nobel Prize in physics-
physics-1938
§ Moved to the U.S. in 1939
§ Discovered Plutonium at the University
of Chicago
§ In a secret lab under the football field,
he finally ÷
  nuclear fission
§ Ône of the leading scientists for the
Manhattan Project
 
m  
§ Never worked directly with the
creation of an atomic bomb
§ His theory of relativity was
crucial to the creation of the
bomb
§ He motivated the president to
start developing the atomic
bomb through a letter
§ Received Nobel Prize in
physics in 1921
§ Moved to U.S. in 1933
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§ V left-
left-wing theoretical
physicist
§ He was asked to join the
Manhattan Project in 1941
§ His first task was to find the
critical mass of Uranium-
Uranium-235
§ He was responsible for
finding an appropriate area
for the top secret location of
the Manhattan Project
 m
§ m plains that vast
amounts of energy
can be created by
small amounts of
matter and vice
versa
§ Fission is basically
the theory of
relativity put into
practice
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§ Roosevelt commanded the
Vrmy to make an atomic
bomb
§ He started the Project to
build a bomb before
Germany
§ Leader was Gen. Leslie R.
Groves. Leading Scientist
was J. Robert Ôppenheimer
§ Main lab was outside Los
Vlamos, NM
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§ ay late 1944 both main bombs were
completed
§ Little aoy-
aoy-Uranium-
Uranium-very slender and sleek
§ Fat Man-
Man-Plutonium-
Plutonium-more round
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§ Ôn July 16 1945
near
Vlamagordo,NM,
the Trinity test was
completed
§ ³Jumbo,´ a test
bomb of Plutonium
was detonated at
Ground Zero
§ Test was successful
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§ July 17 to Vugust 2 1945
§ The conference was
among President
Truman, Prime Minister
Churchill (then Vttlee),
and Premier Stalin
§ Stalin decided to declare
war on Japan, then the
USSR would invade
Japan with Vmerican and
aritish troops.
§ Truman decided not to
tell Stalin about the
bomb
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§ aritain and the U.S.
made the Potsdam
Declaration
§ The Declaration stated
that if Japan didn¶t
surrender it would be
destroyed
§ Japan did not surrender,
so the order was given
to bomb Japan
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§ Ôriginally Kyoto,
Hiroshima,
Kokura, and
Niigata were to
be bombed
§ Kyoto was later
removed from
the list
§ Nagasaki was
added
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§ Vugust 6, 1945-
1945-Colonel
Tibbets leaves Tinian in the
mnola Gay with 12 other men
and Little aoy
§ Little aoy was assembled on
the way by Captain William
Parson
§ The Citizens of Hiroshima
were used to planes as a
weather plane had flown by
just weeks earlier
§ Little aoy was dropped by
parachute and e ploded
before reaching the ground
§ Captain Robert Lewis, ³My
God, what have we done?´
     
§ Vugust 9, 1945-
1945-
Major Charles J.
Sweeny flew his a-
a-
29 to Kokura,
carrying Fat Man
§ Clouds covered
Kokura so he flew to
Nagasaki
§ Vt 11:02 V.M. Fat
Man e ploded before
reaching the ground
 
§ Japan surrendered in
Vugust as a reaction to
the attacks on Hiroshima
and Nagasake, which
ended the war in the
Pacific theater
§ mmperor Hirohito
announced the surrender
on Vugust 15th 1945, but
the formal surrender was
signed on the deck of the
USS Missouri on
September 2nd 1945
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§ Instituted by the U.N.
in 1970
§ Limits the use of
Nuclear arms and has
goals of total Nuclear
disarmament
§ V total of 187 parties
have entered the
treaty, including the
five nuclear states
(U.S., Russia, U.K.,
France, and China)