Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Health and
Disease
By:
Dr Anania Arjuna
Rahul Bhaskar
Definition
• The condition of being sound in body,
mind or spirit, especially freedom from
physical disease or pain.
WHO definition
• Gender
– Men vs Women
– Violence, aging, life style
Disease
• A condition in which body health is impaired, a
departure from state of health, an alteration if the
human body interrupting the performance of vital
function.
• A condition of body or some part or organ of the
body in which its function are disrupted or
deranged. – Oxford
• A maladjustment of the human organism to the
environment – ecological view
• Social phenomenon occurring in all societies –
sociological view
• Any deviation from normal functioning or
state of complete physical or mental well
being.
• No criteria for disease ????
• WHO ????
– Acute (food poisioning)
– Insidious (mental illness, RA)
– Carrier state (typhoid fever)
– Organism with MT one clinical manifestation
(Streptococcus)
– Same disease by MT one organism (diarrhea)
– Couse – short or prolonged
• Disease – physioligical/ psychological
dysfunction
• Illness – subjective state of a person who
feel aware of not being well
• Sickness – state of social dysfunction, i.e
the role that the individual assumes when
ill. (sickness role)
• Victim of disease without feeling it ????
• Disease classification
• ICD-10
– Vol I-
• report of international conference
• Classifiscatin
• Special tubulation list of mortality
• Definition and nomenclature regulaiton
– Vol2 –
• Instruction manual
– Vol 3
• index
• The coding system
• Chapter List
• I A00-B99Certain infectious and parasitic diseases
• II C00-D48Neoplasms
• III D50-D89Diseases of the blood and blood-forming
organs and certain disorders involving the immune
mechanism
• IV E00-E90Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases
• V F00-F99Mental and behavioural disorders
• VI G00-G99Diseases of the nervous system
• VII H00-H59Diseases of the eye and adnexa
• VIII H60-H95Diseases of the ear and mastoid process
• IX I00-I99Diseases of the circulatory system
• X J00-J99Diseases of the respiratory system
• XI K00-K93Diseases of the digestive system
• XII L00-L99Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous
tissue
• XIII M00-M99Diseases of the musculoskeletal system
and connective tissue
• XIV N00-N99Diseases of the genitourinary system
• XV O00-O99Pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium
• XVI P00-P96Certain conditions originating in the perinatal
period
• XVII Q00-Q99Congenital malformations, deformations
and chromosomal abnormalities
• XVIII R00-R99Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical
and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified
• XIX S00-T98Injury, poisoning and certain other
consequences of external causes
• XX V01-Y98External causes of morbidity and mortality
• XXI Z00-Z99Factors influencing health status and contact
with health services
• XXII U00-U99Codes for special purposes
The determinants of health
• the social and economic environment,
• the physical environment, and
• the person’s individual characteristics and
behaviours.
The determinants of health
• Introduction
• Evidence base of health determinants
• Transport
• Food and Agriculture
• Housing
• Waste
• Energy
• Industry
• Urbanisation
Introduction
• Income and social status - higher income and
social status are linked to better health. The
greater the gap between the richest and poorest
people, the greater the differences in health.
• Education – low education levels are linked with
poor health, more stress and lower self-
confidence.
• Physical environment – safe water and clean air,
healthy workplaces, safe houses, communities
and roads all contribute to good health.
Employment and working conditions – people in
employment are healthier, particularly those who
have more control over their working conditions
Determinants contd…