• IN THE NAME OF ALLAH THE MOST

BENEFICIENT THE MOST MERCIFUL

 PRESENTATION
• NAME AFZAL HAYAT
• ROLL NO 61
• SUBJECT STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY
• TOPIC FOLDS
 FOLDS

Folds are bending of rocks due to

different forces.
 Classification of folds on the
basis of geometry
1 Anticline
2 Syncline
3 Monocline
4 Symmetrical folds
5 Asymmetrical folds
6 Overturned folds
7 Recumbent folds
8 Isoclinal folds
 ANTICLINE
• 1 Convex upward.
• 2 The limbs dip away from each other.
• 3 the older rocks in the core and younger
rocks along the limbs.
 SYNCLINE
• 1 Convex downward
• 2 The limbs dip toward each other.
• 3 Younger rocks in the core and older
rocks along the limbs.
 MONOCLINE
• The fold in which one limb is dipping and
other limb is horizontal.
 SYMMETRICAL FOLDS
• The folds in which the axial plane is
vertical and which divide the fold into two
equal halves.
 ASYMMETRICAL FOLDS
• The folds in which the axial plane is
inclined, and one limb is steeper than
other.
 OVERTURNED FOLDS
• 1 Axial plane is inclined.
• 2 Both limbs dip in same direction.
• 3 The limb which has been rotated more than
90 degrees is called overturned limb and other
limb is called normal limb.
 RECUMBENT FOLDS
• 1 The axial plane is horizontal to sub-
horizontal.
• 2 Both limbs are horizontal.
 ISOCLINAL FOLDS
• 1 Both limbs dip in same direction and at
same angle.
 Isoclinal folds based upon axial
plane are:
1 Vertical isoclinal folds.
2 inclined isoclinal folds.
3 horizontal isoclinal folds or recumbent
folds.