FACTORS GOVERNING SELECTION

OF ELECTRICAL MOTORS
 NATURE Of ELECTRICAL SUPPLY
TYPE OF DRIVE
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(a) Starting Characteristics
(b) Running Characteristics
(c) Speed Control
(d) Braking
 NATURE OF LOAD
MECHANICAL CONSIDERATION
(a) Type of Enclosure and Bearing
(b) Arrangement for transmission of power
(c) Noise
(d) Cooling
SIZE AND RATING OF MOTOR
(a) Requirement for Continuous ,Intermittent or
Variable Load Cycle
(b) Overload Capacity
COST
(a) Capital Cost (b) Running Cost
 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
 Starting Characteristics
(i) Torque Required to Overcome Static Friction.
(ii) Torque required to accelerate motor and its load
to rated speed.
Starting Torque Of DC Motor
T = 0.159 φ Z Ia P/A N-m

T = φ Ia
Torque Depend upon the product of flux and armature
current and independent of speed.
 MOTOR CHARACTERSTICS
 Torque –Armature Current (T/Ia) : Electrical
Characteristics
 Speed - Armature Current (N/Ia)
 Speed – Torque (N/T): Mechanical
Characteristics
Following Important Relations
T ά φ Ia N ά Eb / φ ά V- IaRa
 SERIES MOTOR
Torque –Armature Current (T/Ia)
Rse

Ia
V Ra
Eb

In series motor φ ά Ia
T ά φIa

T ά (Ia)2
Ta

Ia
Speed - Armature Current (N/Ia)

Ia
 Speed – Torque (N/T):
Mechanical Characteristics

Ta
SHUNT MOTOR

Field Winding
Ia
V Ra Rsh
Eb
Torque –Armature Current (T/Ia)
T ά φIa ά Ia

Ta

Ia
Speed - Armature Current (N/Ia)

Ideal

Actual
N

Ia
Speed - Armature Current (N/Ia)

Ta
 ELECTRICAL BRAKING

A Good braking system should satisfy following

Conditions

It should be quick & reliable.

It must be provided suitable means for

dissipating stored energy of the rotating parts.

A failure of any part in the braking system

should result in the application of brakes.
 TYPES OF BRAKING
Two types of braking system are possible
 Mechanical or Friction braking
 Electrical Braking

ELECTRICAL BRAKING
ADVANTAGES OF ELECTRICAL BRAKING OVER
MECHANICAL BRAKING

1.Since Mechanical braking due to excessive wear

on the brake blocks or brake lining ,needs frequent
and costly replacement but no such replacement is
required in electrical braking ,hence there is saving
in cost.
2.Frequent adjustment is required in mechanical
braking hence more maintenance cost as compared
to electrical braking

3.By employing electrical braking the capacity of the

system can be increased by way of higher speed and
haulage of heavy load.

4.In electrical braking a part of energy is returned to

the supply there by saving in energy.This is not
possible in case of Mechanical braking.

5.In electrical braking the heat produced during

barking is not hramful
 METHODS OF BRAKING
1.PLUGGING

2.RHEOSTATIC BRAKING

3.REGENERATIVE BRAKING
PLUGGING OR COUNTER CURRENT
BRAKING
PLUGGING WITH DC MOTOR

DC SHUNT MOTOR
 SERIES MOTOR
ELECTRIC BRAKING TORQUE = EBT α ΦI = Tb

EBT = Tb = K1 ΦI

But I = (V+ Eb) /R

• This type of braking is employed in the
following cases
(i) For quick stopping of the motor.
(ii) For reversing drives requiring a short time
for reversal.
(iii) In cranes and hoists
 TORQUE SPEED CHARACTRISTICS
1
B Speed
A

C
Ia
PLUGGING WITH INDUCTION MOTOR
R
Y
B

PLUGGING
NORMAL
RHEOSTATIC OR DYNAMIC BRAKING

Normal Running Braking

DC MOTOR
DC SERIES MOTOR
RHEOSTATIC OR DYNAMIC BRAKING WITH
INDUCTION MOTOR

+ +

-
-

Connection of stator Wdg of 3 Ph IM For Dynamic Braking

 +

Connection of stator Wdg of 3 Ph IM For Dynamic Braking

REGENERATIVE BRAKING
+
I
SUPPLY
E VOLTAGE

-
(a) E is greater than V, I being returned to the supply
+
I

E SUPPLY
If VOLTAGE

-
(b) Regeneration at constant speed
Regenerating Braking with DC Shunt Motor
Regenerative Braking With DC Series
Motor
+ ve
French+ Method
ve