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BDS;MDent.Sci.;Ph.D.
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˜ Most dental treatments involve occlusal
surfaces of teeth.
˜ void either over or under treatment.
˜ Provide therapeutic and successful dental
treatment for patients.
˜
educe the risk of failure
he masticatory system is made up of:
G eeth.

G Periodontal tissues

G rticluatory system
What is occlusion?
The Articulatory System:
-TMJ as the hinge
- Masticatory muscles as
the motor
- Dental occlusion as the
contacts
- Interdependent
elements make a system
O

 



  



 



  
 

 

 

  





 O
 


Occlusion is defined as : Contacts between the teeth when -
mandible is closed and when is moving.
`

 
 -
I- 
 
 :
-Maximum intercuspation
-It is how unarticualted models fit together
- It is the habitual bite
- Significance : Occlusal forces directed axially.
II- 
 
 

- It is not an occlusion but a jaw relation that is

reproducible with or without teeth present.

- Described Anatomically, conceptionally and

geometrically
-Defined as- The position of manidble to the maxilla
with the intra-articular disc in position, and during
closure on its a
 , that is with the 


 

a   (uppermost and
foremost) and the muscles are at their 





  

Significance of CR record:
1- it is reproducible position with or without teeth present
2- If CR involves tooth to be prepared, better remove
deflective contacts prior to preparation
3- When re-organizing occlusion at new vertical dimension
4- To distalize mandible to create space lingually for
anterior crowns
5- If restoring anterior teeth and CR contact results in strong
anterior thrust against teeth to be prepared
  
  
 ` 
i

 
G Def.: Occlusal contacts during the mandibular
movements relative to the maxilla.
G Mandible movements are guided by muscles, teeth, and
MJ.
G Posterior guidance = MJ
Determined by intra˜
intra˜articular disc and articulatory
G surfaces of glenoid fossa
nterior guidance = eeth.
ny teeth contacts during eccentric movements.
 O 

lassified into:
I˜ anine guidance
II˜
II˜ roup function (contacts are shared by
several teeth on the working side)
G roup function vs working side interferences.

G More Ideal if anterior guidance on front teeth.

 
 







The Mandibular Movements are
influenced by:

1- Neuromuscular control:
muscles and nervous system
2- Guidance system: TMJ and teeth

 
 -levation (closing) of the mandible :
Temporslis muscle (anterior fibers), masseter
muscle & medial pterygoid muscle.
 Retrusion of the mandible: Temporalis muscle
(posterior fibers).
 Protrusion: Right and left lateral pterygoid acts
together, medial pterygoid
 Opening the mandible: Digastric and Inferior
pterygoid.
[ è



-Mandible is controlled by voluntary movements and reflexes.

- Jaw-closing reflex: protects mandible and associated structures during violent

whole body movement.

- Jaw-opening reflex: protects the teeth during sudden mastication of a hard

object and protects lips, cheeks and tongue during mastication.

- Central and autonomic nervous systems receive input from peripheral

receptors, higher centres and propioceptors.

- Propioceptors are located in deep muscles and periodontal ligaments

- Any occlusal changes are sensed by the nervous system via the propioceptors
 i
 

 

The head of the condyle on the non-working

side moves: forwards, downwards and medially.
The angle of downwards movement is known
as the µcondylar angle¶
The angle of medial movement is known as the
µBennet angle¶.
Immediate side shift = Bennet movement



  !" 
Condyle has downward path Condyle pivots
 
 
   

Any tooth to tooth contact which hamper or hinder smooth

guidance in excursions or closure into CO.
- Working side and non-working side and CR interfernces.

`  
-May result in
destructive
oblique forces
-May interfere
with TMJ
guidance

 
   
 
 

è

 




  

Protrusive occlusal interference
 
 :
1- The coincidence of CO
and CR,with freedom in CO
2- When mandible moves
there is immediate and
lasting posterior disocclusion
` 
 

1- Pretreatment record
2- Treatment of TMD
3- Conformative versus
reorganized approach.
 Requirements of Stable Occlusion

1- Stable stops on all the teeth when the

condyles are in Centric Relation (CR).
  
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lingual cusp tips of
maxillary posterior teeth,
buccal cusp tips of
mandibular posterior
teeth, central pits or
marginal ridges on
posterior teeth, incisals
of lower anteriors and
linguals of upper
anteriors.

Brian Palmer, 2004

2

 Should have  
 


#

lingual cusp tips and the mandibular posterior buccal cusp
tips to the central fossa or marginal ridges of opposing
posterior teeth.
 Forces exerted on the posterior teeth should be directed
through the long axis of the teeth.
 µNormal¶ buccal positioning of the maxillary buccal
cusps should be µoutside¶ or buccal to the mandibular
teeth.

(Brian Palmer, 2004)

2- Disocclusion of posterior teeth in protrusive
mandibular movements

3- Disocclusion of posterior teeth on the working side

during lateral excursive movement.

4- Disocclusion of posterior teeth on the non-working

side during excursive lateral movements

5- Coincidence between Centric occlusion and centric

relation
Correct -xcursive
Contacts Marked in
Green

(Brian Palmer, 2004)

Possible signs of non ideal occlusion:
 Giggling and loosening of teeth.
 Migration and drifting with resultant open contacts.
 -xcessive tooth wear.
 Non carious cervical notching (abfraction).
 Misalignment of affected teeth.
 Sensitive or tender teeth.
 Fracture and cracking.
 Recurrent fracture of restorations.
 Bone loss.
 Deviation of mandible on closure.
 TMJ dysfunction symptoms ????
 Tori could develop.
á
 
 

 
 
 
 
 



 
— These rely on marking the static
and dynamic occlusal contacts
between the teeth and then
describing those marks in writing,
by diagram or by photograph.
— Using of articulating paper, foil,
floss or shimstock
— The T-scan uses a computer
program to analyse the relative
hardness of the contacts between
the teeth.
Maintain the pre-
existing occlusion
   
-D- (examine design, execute, check)
ule. G
-xamine and record occlusion at preoperative G
stage.
Design where to place the point contacts on the G
restoration (tripodal)

emove heavy point contacts on the inclines G
and restoration margins

e˜˜establish the preoperative occlusal contacts

e G
at the same intensity and poitions.
 O   
 
 G
       

 Weakening of tooth by
deep or wide (>1/3
occl.surface) filling may
indicate a provision of
cast restoration