NUTRITION

2.1 Classes of food

1. Carbohydrates (CHO)
C-carbon, H-hydrogen, O-oxygen
function:
supply most of the energy our body needs
sources:
sugar – honey, sugar cane
starch- rice, bread, potatoes
cellulose
2. Protein(CHON)
C-carbon, H-hydrogen, O-oxygen, N-
nitrogen
function:
needed for growth and the repair of body
tissues.
sources:
eggs
milk
bean curd
3. Fats (CHO)
C-carbon, H-hydrogen, O-oxygen
function:
a. helps to keep warm
b. helps to transport vitamins A,D,E,K
c. store a lot of energy
sources:
oil
butter
4. Fibre
structure: celllulose from plant cell walls
function:
prevent constipation
sources:
wholemeal bread
oats
5. Water(H2O)
H-hydrogen, O-oxygen
function:
main component of our blood and body fluid
sources:
mineral water
juice
6. Vitamins
function:
needed in small amounts by body for health
and growth
2 type:
a) water soluble vitamins B, C
b)fat soluble vitamins A,D,E,K
7. Minerals (inorganic substances)
function:
for healthy growth and development
The Importance of a Balance
Diet
energy value
Planning a balanced diet
Situation 1

There are 2 person age 14 years

old, A and B. Calculate the
calorific values of food and
determine the gender for A and B
Person A

Breakfast
Nasi lemak 1 plate
Low fat milk 1 glass
Egg 1 egg

How to calculate?
Nasi lemak 1634 kJ
Low fat milk 543 kJ
Egg 315 kJ
Total energy 2492 kJ
Lunch
Chicken rice 1 plate
Chocolate milk 1 glass
Banana 1 fruit

How to calculate?
Chicken rice 1273 kJ
Chocolate milk 800 kJ
Banana 378 kJ
Total energy 2451 kJ
Tea time
doughnut 1 piece
Kuih koci 1 piece
coffee 1 cup

How to calculate?
doughnut 315 kJ
Kuih koci 344 kJ
coffee 294 kJ
Total energy 953 kJ
 Dinner
Fried rice 1 plate
coffee 1 cup
Egg 1 egg

How to calculate?
Fried rice 2675 kJ
Coffee 294 kJ
Egg 315 kJ
Total energy 3284 kJ
The total amount of energy
Breakfast 2492 kJ
Lunch 2451 kJ
Tea time 953 kJ
Dinner 3284k J
Total energy 9180 kJ

What is the gender for A????

Person B

Breakfast
Fried rice 1 plate
Coffee 2 cup
Curry puff 1 piece

How to calculate?
Fried rice 2675 kJ
Coffee 588 kJ
Curry puff 168 kJ
Total energy 3431 kJ
Lunch
Chicken rice 1 plate
Egg 1 egg
Banana 1 fruit
Coffee 1 cup
How to calculate?
Chicken rice 1273 kJ
Egg 315 kJ
Banana 378 kJ
Coffee 294 kJ
Total energy 2260 kJ
Tea time
Doughnut 1 piece
Apam balik 2 piece
Coffee 1 cup

How to calculate?
Doughnut 315 kJ
Apam balik 966 kJ
Coffee 294 kJ
Total energy 1375 kJ
 Dinner
Curry noodles 1 bowl
coffee 1 cup
Egg banjo 1 piece

How to calculate?
Curry noodles 2222 kJ
Coffee 294 kJ
Egg banjo 1567 kJ
Total energy 4083 kJ
The total amount of energy
Breakfast 3431 kJ
Lunch 2260 kJ
Tea time 1375kJ
Dinner 4083 k J
Total energy 11055 kJ

What is the gender for B????

FOOD TEST
A. Iodine test for starch
 Pour 2 cm3 of starch solution into a test tube.
 Add 2 drops of iodine solution. Observe the
colour change.
B. Emulsion test for fat
 Add 5 drops of ethanol into a test tube.
 Add 2 drops of cooking oil into the same test
tube. Shake the mixture.
 Add distilled water into the same test tube
until it is half full and shake.
 After 2 minutes observe any changes
C.Benedict’s test for glucose
 Pour 2 cm3 of glucose solution into a test
tube.
 Add 2cm3 of Benedict’s solution
 Heat the mixture in a water bath. Observe
any colour changes
D. Millon’s test for protein
 Pour 2cm 3 of albumen solution into a test
tube
 Add 2 drops of Millon’s reagent to the
albumen solution.
 Heat the mixture in a water bath. Observe the
changes
Observation:
Blue – black colour formed
Inferences:
Iodine test for starch
Observation:
Milky solution or emulsion formed contains tiny
fat globules in the water.
Inference:
Fat dissolve in ethanol but not in water
Observation:
The brick-red precipitate were formed
Inference:
Benedict’s test for glucose
Observation:
After heating, the white precipitate turn red.
Inferences:
Millon’s test for protein