KELOMPOK I : “HORTATORY EXPOSITION”

• ALVIAN S.P.P.
• AULIA RACHMAN

KELOMPOK II : “ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION”

• SERLY YUANTI
• GISELA P. Y.

KELOMPOK III : “Narrative Text”

• DEWI SISTY
• LINA APRILIA
 HORTATORY EXPOSITION
A Hortatory exposition is a type of spoken or written text that
is intended to explain the listeners or readers that something
should or should not happen or be done. To strengthen the
explanation, the speaker or writer needs some arguments as the
fundamental reasons of the given idea. In other words, this kind
of text can be called as argumentation. Hortatory exposition
text can be found in scientific books, journals, magazines,
newspaper articles, academic speech or lectures, research
report etc. Hortatory expositions are popular among science,
academic community and educated people. The generic
structure of Hortatory exposition usually has three
components: (1) Thesis, (2) Arguments and (3)
Recommendation.
A. Generic Structure of Hortatory Exposition
1. Thesis : Statement or announcement of issue concern
2. Arguments : Reasons for concern that will lead to recommendation
3. Recommendation : Statement of what should or should not happen or
be done based on the given arguments

B. Generic Features of Hortatory Exposition

1. A Hortatory exposition focuses on generic human and non human
participants, except for speaker or writer referring to self.
2. It uses mental processes. It is used to state what the writer or speaker
thinks or feels about something. For example: realize, feel etc.
3. It often needs material processes. It is used to state what happens, e.g.
….has polluted… etc.
4. It usually uses Simple Present Tense and Present Perfect Tense.
5. Enumeration is sometimes necessary to show the list of given
arguments: Firstly, secondly …, Finally, etc.
C. Language Feature of Hortatory Exposition
1. Focusing on the writer
2. Using abstract noun; policy, advantage, etc
3. Using action verb
4. Using thinking verb
5. Using modal adverb; certainly, surely, etc
6. Using temporal connective; firstly, secondly, etc
7. Using evaluative words; important, valuable, trustworthy, etc
8. Using passive voice
9. Using simple present tense
 Corruption

Thesis
(Announcement of issue concern)
Do you know what the meaning of corruption is? What is the relation between
money and corruption? Well, corruption is common everywhere in the world, even
in the United States. It’s just a matter of intensity. However, it is quite shocking
when one reliable survey claims Jakarta as the most corrupt place in Indonesia.

Argument 1
The survey has made me sad, actually, because I stay and earn a living here in the
capital. As most people know, Tanjung Priok port smuggling is not a new thing at
all. Entrepreneurs who want to minimize their tax payments tend to do such a
thing more often. They even bribe the officials.

Argument 2
Well, I think the measures taken so far to overcome the problem by punishing the
corruptors is still not far enough. We have to prevent the younger generations from
getting a bad mentality caused by corruption.
 Recommendation

I believe we should start at the earliest stages in school and I think everyone should
be involved in the effort to eradicate corruption. We must not make any
distinction.
 ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION

An analytical exposition is a type of spoken or written text

that is intended to persuade the listeners or readers that
something is the case. To make the persuasion stronger, the
speaker or writer gives some arguments as the fundamental
reasons why something is the case. This type of text can be
found in scientific books, journals, magazines, newspaper
articles, academic speech or lectures, research report etc.
Analytical expositions are popular among science, academic
community and educated people. The generic structure of
analytical exposition usually has three components: (1)
Thesis, (2) Arguments and (3) Reiteration or
conclusion.
A. Generic Structure of Analytical Exposition
1. Thesis : Introduces the topic and shows speaker or writer’s position;
Outlines of the arguments are presented.
2. Arguments : It consists about Point and Elaboration
Point, states the main argument
Elaboration, develops and supports each point of argument
3. Conclusion : Reiteration (restatement), restates speaker or writer’s
position

B. Generic Features of Analytical Exposition

An analytical exposition focuses on generic human and non human
participants.
It uses mental processes. It is used to state what the writer or speaker
thinks or feels about something. For example: realize, feel etc.
It uses emotive and evaluative words
It often needs material processes. It is used to state what happens, e.g.
….has polluted… etc.
It usually uses Simple Present Tense and Present Perfect Tense.
Enumeration is sometimes necessary to show the list of given
arguments: Firstly, secondly …, Finally, etc.
C. Language Features of Analytical Exposition

Using relational process

Using internal conjunction
Using causal conjunction
Using Simple Present Tense
 Corruption and Indonesian Culture

Thesis

Corruption has happened for many years and today it becomes a bad culture in
Indonesia for three reasons

Argument 1
Most adult Indonesian or foreigners have known and admitted that corruptions
happen in many places. The daily newspapers, news programs on TV and radio
have reported corruptions are done everywhere, almost in all departments or
public services of this country. Corruptions happen in health, education
departments and banks. When we manage to get some documents in public
service offices, we usually need much money to pay. Manipulations happen
everywhere
 Argument 2
The actions to eliminate corruption are weak. The ever stronger culture seems not
to come to an end when the responsible institutions who have to reinforce the
justice today commit corruption. This is the worst. Corruptions happen in police
department, courts where judges, public prosecutors, lawyers make deals to do
corruption. All of us also heard in the end of 2004, Probosutejo reported that he
had bribed the Supreme Court, or called Mahkamah Agung which becomes the
highest level where the justice can be obtained. Perhaps you have to try to come to
the local courts and see what happen there. You will see practices of bribery and
other kinds of corruption. Therefore, we can say that corruptions becomes our
culture. Do you like it?

Argument 3
The citizens have no goodwill to fight against the corruption. They create the
situations in which people have opportunities to do corruptions. The citizens like
to break the rules because they are not disciplined. For example, in the street when
they drive a car or ride motorcycle, they do not have the driving license or
necessary documents. Then, they are caught by the local policemen. To avoid more
difficulties, they like to bribe the officer. The officer let them go then. In other
words, the citizens and officers are the same, doing corruption together. If only the
people were critical, disciplined, and obey the rules, and willing to report any
wrong behaviors, this country will not be number one corrupting country in the
world.
 Reiteration/conclusion:

Conclusion Based on the reasons, we can conclude that corruption is becoming a

bad culture in Indonesia if it is not ended soon by all of us. It seems that there
must be more severe penalty for the Corruptors. Do we still care about the future of
this country?
 Narrative Text

Definition of Narrative
Narrative is a text focusing specific participants. Its social function is to tell stories
or past events and entertain the readers.

Generic Structure of Narrative

A narrative text consists of the following structure:
1. Orientation: Introducing the participants and informing the time and the
place
2. Complication: Describing the rising crises which the participants have to do
with
3. Resolution: Showing the way of participant to solve the crises, better or worse
Language Features of Narrative

· Using processes verbs

· Using temporal conjunction
· Using Simple Past Tense
 The Myth of Malin Kundang

A long time ago, in a small village near the beach in West Sumatra, a woman and
her son lived. They were Malin Kundang and her mother. Her mother was a single
parent because Malin Kundang's father had passed away when he was a baby. Malin
Kundang had to live hard with his mother.
Malin Kundang was a healthy, dilligent, and strong boy. He usually went to sea to
catch fish. After getting fish he would bring it to his mother, or sold the caught fish
in the town.
One day, when Malin Kundang was sailing, he saw a merchant's ship which was
being raided by a small band of pirates. He helped the merchant. With his brave and
power, Malin Kundang defeated the pirates. The merchant was so happy and
thanked to him. In return the merchant asked Malin Kundang to sail with him. To
get a better life, Malin Kundang agreed. He left his mother alone.
Many years later, Malin Kundang became wealthy. He had a huge ship and was
helped by many ship crews loading trading goods. Perfectly he had a beautiful wife
too. When he was sailing his trading journey, his ship landed on a beach near a small
village. The villagers recognized him. The news ran fast in the town; “Malin
Kundang has become rich and now he is here”.
 An old woman ran to the beach to meet the new rich merchant. She was Malin
Kundang’s mother. She wanted to hug him, released her sadness of being lonely
after so long time. Unfortunately, when the mother came, Malin Kundang who
was in front of his well dressed wife and his ship crews denied meeting that old
lonely woman. For three times her mother begged Malin Kundang and for three
times he yelled at her. At last Malin Kundang said to her "Enough, old woman! I
have never had a mother like you, a dirty and ugly woman!" After that he ordered
his crews to set sail. He would leave the old mother again but in that time she was
full of both sadness and angriness.
Finally, enraged, she cursed Malin Kundang that he would turn into a stone if
he didn't apologize. Malin Kundang just laughed and really set sail.
In the quiet sea, suddenly a thunderstorm came. His huge ship was wrecked and
it was too late for Malin Kundang to apologize. He was thrown by the wave out of
his ship. He fell on a small island. It was really too late for him to avoid his curse.
Suddenly, he turned into a stone.
(Re-written from www.st.rim.or.jp)
 Narrative Analysis on Generic Structure

Many believe that a story can teach a society certain moral value. Most stories are
build in narrative. Because it is a narrative story, it must consists of complication.
That complication, in fact, is the moral value which like to be taught.
Orientation; the first paragraph is set to be the story introduction. Reading the
orientation, reader will know that the story is characterized with Malin Kundang
and his mother. Wes Sumatra is set as the place.
Complication; this is the main element of narrative story. From the Malin
Kundang myth, we know that there are more than one complication. Many stories
are composed with multi complications. They are minor complication and major
complication. When Malin Kundang and her mother did life hard, it can be the
minor complication. this hard life in the first time was solved by his successful
trading as new merchant. However this narrative sotry is more interesting when
we see the major complication among the participants- Malin Kundang denied his
mother after being successful merchant. In every story, complication must be
ended; happy ending or sad one
Resolution; this is the end of the story, the sad ending one. Malin Kundang faces
his curse of turning into a stone.
 Spoof Text
Definition and Social Function of Spoof
Spoof is a text which tells factual story, happened in the past time with
unpredictable and funny ending. Its social function is to entertain and share the
story.

Generic Structure of Spoof

1. Orientation
2. Events
3. Twist

Language Feature of Spoof

1. Focusing on people, animals or certain things
2. Using action verb; ate, ran, etc
3. Using adverb of time and place
4. Told in chronological order
 LOVING MONEY TOO MUCH
There was a man who liked money very much. He worked all of his life and wanted
to save all of his money for his own future. He was a real miser when it came to his
money. He loved money more than just about anything.
Even, just before he died, he said to his wife; "Now listen, when I die, I want you to
take all my money and place it in the casket with me. I wanna take my money to the
afterlife." So he asked his wife to promise him with all her heart that when he died,
she would put all the money in the casket with him.
Well, one day, he really died. Then he was stretched out in the casket. The wife was
sitting there in black clothes next to her closest friend. When they finished the
ceremony, just before the undertakers got ready to close the casket, the wife said
"Wait just a minute!"
She had a box in her hands. She came over with the box and placed it in the casket.
After that the undertakers locked the casket down and rolled it away. Not long after
that, her friend said, "I hope you were not crazy enough to put all that money in the
casket."
The wife turned to her friend and replied; "Yes, because I have promised." Then she
continued; "I can't lie. I promised him that I was going to put that money in that
casket with him." Feeling shocked, her friend said; "You mean that you have put
every cent of his money in the casket with him?" Then the wife answered; "Surely I
did. I got it all together, put all the money into my account and I just wrote him a
check."
 Notice on Generic structure of spoof sample

Spoof text is very similar to recount text. Both spoof and recount tell about the past
event with chronological order. Its purpose is to amuse reader with funny story. The
story mostly is ended with an unpredictable event.
The above spoof sample has generic structure as follow:
Orientation: It is the introduction of the story. By giving the orientation, reader will
recognize, for the first time, who involves in the story.The above story talks about a
wife and his husband who loves money too much even up to his death.
Events: Several events are explored in chronological way which able to arrange the
story read nicely.Promising with her money miser husband, Putting the box inside
casket, locking and rolling the casket are the events which build the complete story.
Twist: This is the unpredictable event/thing/way which amuse the reader. Readers
even did not predict before that it would be. When reading the above story, for the
first, readers likely think that the wife would put all the money instead of just a
check