Operation & maintenance system in Base

Transceiver Station & Microwave Link

Submitted by:
Md. Shohag Hossain
Ice 14th batch
Id: 2007 0001 00006
Southeast University
Banani, Dhaka-1206
 Introduction
 Definition of BTS
 Basic hardware component of BTS
 Definition 0f Microwave link
 Basic Microwave hardware Component
 Power Supply System
 Alarming System
 Objectives
 Conclusion

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Telecom sector is an important sector in our country. Our countries
telecom sector is not very much rising from any other country. But
different companies are trying to develop this sector. We had worked
with Babui Ltd in BTS & Microwave link installation and
maintenance.

Base transceiver station is a wireless part of BSS, under the control of

the base station controller (BSC) to serve as the radio transmitting &
receiving equipment in a certain cell.

Microwave link is a radio based transmission

technology which provide a wireless link
between two points in a network.

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Base Transceiver Station (BTS) is a wireless part of
BSS, under control of the Base Station Controller
(BSC) to serve as the radio transmitting and receiving
equipment in a certain cell. It acts as a air interface
between user equipment and a network.

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 BTS Cabinet Structure
Base Band Unit (BBU)
Double Radio Filer Unit (DRFU)
Direct Current Distribution Unit (DCDU)
BBU Board—GTMU
GSM Antenna and TMA Control Module (GATM)
Fan box
BTS tower

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 BTS Cabinet Structure

Cabinet size:
H×W×D=900mm×600mm×450mm

 Base size:
H×W×D=400mm×600mm×420mm

 Weight: 57kg(empty) /142kg(full

configuration)

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 Base Band Unit(BBU)
The typical power consumption of the base band
unit( BBU) is 50 W.

 The base band unit (BBU) is a small box with all

the external ports on the front panel.

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 Double Radio Filter Unit (DRFU)

The DRFU performs modulation and demodulation

between baseband signals and RF signals,
processes data and combines and divides signals.

The DRFU consists of the high-speed interface unit,

signal processing unit, power amplifier, and dual-
duplexer

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The Direct Current Distribution Unit (DCDU) provides
-48V DC power of 10 outputs.
The functions of the DCDU are:

 Receiving -48 V DC power input.

 Distributing the -48 V DC power of 10 outputs for
boards and modules in the cabinet.
 providing dry contact for surge protection
failure.

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BBUBoard--GTMU

The GSM transmission, timing, and management unit for

BBU (GTMU) controls and manages the entire BTS. It
provides interfaces related to the reference clock, power
supply, OM, and external alarm collection.

The GSM antenna and TMA control module (GATM) is a

module that controls the antenna and TMA. The GATM is
optional.

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 GSM antenna & control module
(GATM)
The GSM antenna and TMA control module
(GATM) is a module that controls the antenna
and TMA. The GATM is optional.
The GATM performs the following functions:
Controls the RET antenna
Feeds power to the TMA
Reports the RET control alarm signals
Monitors the current from the feeder

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 Fan Box

The fan box regulates the temperature at the air inlet of the
cabinet and in the fan box. It can adjust the rotation speed of the
fans to implement ventilation and dissipation for the cabinet

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 BTS tower

BTS tower is one kind of pole which contains GSM

antenna and Microwave antenna.

BTS tower basically two types. These

are

1. Roof Top
2. Green Field

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 Microwave Link

A microwave link is a communications system that uses

of radio waves in the microwave frequency range to
transmit video and audio signal.

Data between two locations, which can be formed just a

few feet or meters to several miles or kilometers apart.

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Microwave Hardware components
Some different parts of microwave linking.
These are:
 IDU (Indoor unit)
 IDU rack
 ODU (Outdoor unit)
 Microwave Antenna
 Crone Block
 Connector
 IF Cable

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 IDU (Indoor Unit)
Indoor Unit is a electronic devices which can modulate
and demodulate the signal. It is same like as a modem.
IDU Rack is a one kind of frame which carries the IDU
in the BTS room. It is not possible to setup a IDU
without install IDU rack.

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ODU (Outdoor Unit)

Outdoor unit is also an electronic devices which

receives signal from microwave antenna.

After receiving the signal, the ODU transmit the

signal to IDU by the IF cable.

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Microwave Antenna

Microwave Antenna is a one kind of

antenna which absorbs signal from
the environment.

Antenna modifies the signal from

natural signal to electrical signal and
send to the ODU.
PCM Crone Frame & Crone
PCM crone frame will have to be installed in the BTS room
wall for installing PCM Crone.
PCM Crone mostly responsible for transmitting & receiving
the signal.

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Connector
Connectors are using for connect one cable to another
cable.

The connector is mostly used in IF cable, which both

sides are connected to the IDU & ODU.

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 IF Cable
Basically it is used for connection between IDU & ODU. It is
a one kind of medium which is used transmitting &
receiving the signal from ODU to IDU.

There are three types of IF cable. These are-

5D cable (if distance between IDU&ODU less than
120m is used 5D cable).
RG-8U cable (if distance between IDU&ODU more
than 120m is used RG-8U cable)
½” cable (if distance between IDU&ODU more than
180m is used ½” cable).

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Power Supply System
 Generator
 Rectifier
 Main Distribution Board(MDB)
 Automatic Voltage Regulator(AVR)
 Circuit Breaker(CB)
 Battery

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 BBU Board--GTMU
 A diesel generator is the combination of a diesel engine with an electrical generator
to produce electric energy. The diesel generators are directly connected to any
system as an emergency power supply if the grid power fails
 A rectifier is a unit which converts the AC (230V) to DC (-48V) power and filters
that DC power. It presents the power to other units. It always presents -48V DC
power.

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 A main distribution board is a component of an electricity supply
system which divides an electrical power feed into auxiliary circuits,
while providing a protective fuse or circuit breaker for each circuit.
 A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch
design to protect an electrical circuit damage from overload or short
circuit. It’s basic function is to detect a fault condition and to
immediately discontinue electrical flow.
 An electrical battery is a combination of two or more electrochemical
cells, used to convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy.
Alarming System
 Door Sensor
 Infrared Sensor
 Smoke Sensor
 Fire Sensor
 Temperature Sensor
 Power Sensor
 Water Sensor

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 A If someone enters in the BTS room without any permission then the door sensor will give an alarm.

 Smoke sensor notice attendance of smoke within the BTS room. If any one enter the BTS room with
smoke this sensor will give alarm.

 If inside the BTS room fire is arises, fire sensor detects fire and it will turns on the fire alarm.

 It is always sense the temperature & give the signal to alarm controller when temperature rising above
450.

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 The power accessibility is sense by power sensor. If grid power, Generator, Battery power is
in faulty condition, the power sensor will give alarm.

 If inside the BTS room water enter, water sensor detect water. BTS is a very sensitive device
which will be damages if water can entire the BTS room. That’s why water sensor is a very
important thing of the BTS.

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 Objective
The objectives of the internship program include:
 To cope with the real world environment.
 To use theoretical knowledge in practice successfully.
 To work as a team.
 To gain knowledge on BTS & Microwave Radio link through
hands-on tasks.
 Identifying different types of problem which arise for
operating this technology in unreceptive climate
 Suggest probable solution of the identified problem.
 To demonstrate the experience of internship program at Babui
Limited.

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 Conclusion
Telecom sector is a technical service provider company. Their activities are
very important as its service mostly depends on the availability of its
equipment. In a developing country like Bangladesh it is very important
sector to give a shape our economy. The theme of this report is properly
installation and operation of the BTS and Microwave link system. During
this study it has been observed from the organizational point of view where
it has been implemented. There are so many improvement and application
that can be offered through these BTS and Microwave systems which of
course would have directly benefit for the organization.

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