|




(oh-za-yo goo-zai-ma-su)
2

á 


ë hat is the present day name of Japan ?
ë
he flag of the Japan is known as
Hinomaru. hat is the meaning of
Hinomaru ?
ë ho is the present P.M. of Japan ?
ë ho is the Present Emperor of Japan ?
ë hat is the Currency of Japan?
K

|KK
|


(evelopment of Japan constitution

ë Pre-Feudal age (10th BC -1184 A()

ë Feudal age (1185-1867 A()
ë Post-Feudal age (1868-1947)
á 2

V
ë Jomon Culture (10th-3rd B.C.)
- Jimmu (First Emperor 660B.C.)
ë ayoi Culture (3rd B.C.-3rd A.(.)
- Pottery
- Rice Cultivation
- Irrigation
ë ofun Period (3rd A.(.-6th A.(.)
-
ombs,Hainwa
- Buddhism(538 A()



 V
VV

2

ë Asuka Period (mid 6th ± mid 7th A()
- 1st constitution(17 articles)
- Buddhism becomes state religion
ë ara Period (710 ± 784 A()
- okiji(1st history book)
- ihon shoki(chronicles of Japan)
- Shosin (Museum)
-
odaji (temple for Buddha)
2

 !""# 
ë
his period saw more artistic development
and Japanese culture
ë
he tale of Genji by lady Murasaki ±
world¶s first novel
ë
he lyrics of Japan's national anthem
O
 were written during this time.
ë (uring the late Heian period, the Japan¶s
feudal era was started
V


he classic definiton for

feudalism by François-Louis
Ganshof describes a set of
reciprocal legal and military
obligations among the warrior
nobility, revolving around the
three key concepts of lords,
vassals and fiefs. A lord was in
broad terms a noble who held
land, a vassal was a person
who was granted possession
of the land by the lord, and the
land was known as a fief.
V


ë amakura period (1185±1333 )
- 1st shogun was Minomoto-no-
aritomo
± enmu restoration (1333±1336 )
ë Muromachi period (1336±1573 )
± anboku-chō period (1336±1392 )
± Sengoku period (1467±1573 )
ë Azuchi±Momoyama period (1568±1603 )
± anban trade
V


ë amakura period (1185±1333 )
- 1st shogun was Minomoto-no-
aritomo
± enmu restoration (1333±1336 )
ë Muromachi period (1336±1573 )
± anboku-chō period (1336±1392 )
± Sengoku period (1467±1573 )
ë Azuchi±Momoyama period (1568±1603 )
± anban trade

"$%&!"#$
ë Edo
ougawa Shogunate
- Shogun means General
- Feudal lords and national isolation
policy
-1853: Matthew Perry, an American
aval Commander, sailed to Japan with a
message from President Filmore
- Last shogun
ougawa keiki
resigns
4

  

 '(

h

M ë
 
 

 '(

"#$#!"")
ë eak military rule by shogun and it was
overthrown by Samurai (a group of
soliders)
ë Emperor Meiji taken the crown power
ë Laws were made for unitary power state
ë Constitution of the Empire of Japan (Meiji)
was enacted on ovember 29, 1890
ë
hey given importance to industralisation
by any means ands fast

K*

ë
aishō era (1912±1926)
± orld ar I , Siberian Intervention, "
aishō
(emocracy"
ë Early Shōwa (1926±1937)
± Expansion of (emocracy, Military and social
organizations , ationalistic factors ,
Economic factors
ë Early Shōwa (1937±1947)
± Prewar expansionism, Manchuria, Second
Sino-Japanese ar , Clashes with the Soviet
Union , Attack on pearl harbour



+


ë n 26 July 1945, Allied leaders inston
Churchill, Harry S
ruman, and Chiang
ai-Shek issued the Potsdam (eclaration,
which demanded Japan's unconditional
surrender.
ë But after bombing on hiroshima and
nagasaki only they surrender
ë So, the new constitution was drafted by
allied powers
 ë 
 
,

ë(UGLAS MCAR
HUR,

ëSupreme Commander of Allied

Powers (SCAP)
ëHe played an important role in
making of japan constitution
- Enforcement of Constitution of
the State of Japan
May 3, 1947(ihon-OO
)
 V

-'(
ë ritten and Brief
ë Imperial Government
ë Fundamental Rights
ë Bicameral Legislature
ë Privy Council
ë
he Cabinet
ë Rigid Constitution
 -K 
ë I.
he Emperor (1±8)
ë II. Renunciation of ar (9)
ë III. Rights and (uties of the People (10±40)
ë IV.
he (iet (41±64)
ë V.
he Cabinet (65±75)
ë VI. Judiciary (76±82)
ë VII. Finance (83±91)
ë VIII. Local Self±Government (92±95)
ë IX. Amendments (96)
ë X. Supreme Law (97±99)
ë XI. Supplementary Provisions (100±103)
Features of ihon oku enpo
ë ritten Constitution
ë Sovereignty of the People
ë Renunciation of ar
ë Limited Monarchy.
ë Parliamentary Government
ë Unitary Government
ë Bicameral System
ë End of (ualism
ë Independence of Judiciary
ë Adult Suffrage
ë Supreme Law
 V

 

ë Right to Equality
ë Right to Freedom
ë Economic Rights
ë Right to Property
ë Right to Freedom of Religion
ë Right to Education
ë Right to Constitutional Remedies

ë Fundamental (uties
 Japanese Executive
ë
he Emperor
- ominal Executive(art 1 ± 8)
ë Powers
-Executive
-Legislative
-Judicial
ë Position of the Emperor
 4
.
ë History of cabinet
-1st cabinet formed in 1885 during meiji rule
-Under meiji P.M. was appointed by Emperor
-(uring the period 1889-1945, 41 cabinets were
formed
-under 1947 kenpo, executive power was vested in
cabinet
ë rganisation
ë Functions
- takes important decision and formulate policy,
submit bills and budget to (iet , national affairs & foreign
affairs

 '

ë Appointment
- leader of the majority party
- Article 6 says appointment of the
P.M. by Emperor
ë Functions
- As a boss of Cabinet
- As a leader of the (iet
- As leader of nation
 +
ë Japan is the first country to have
parliamentary Government in Asia
ë
he parliament in Japan is called + /
ë
he (iet has various committees such as,
-Standing Committee
-Special Committee
-Joint Conference Committee
-Joint Legislative Committee
+

(iet

House of House of peers

Representatives (council)


+01/
Judiciary

Judiciary

Pre-war Post- ar
judicial judicial

!


 
ë Before the meiji constitution ther was no
well established courts in Japan
ë After, abolition of feudal system meiji
knows the importance of legal system and
new codes patterned in German and
French system were enacted
ë
he courts were divided into
- rdinary and Civil Courts
- Courts of Administrative Litigation
- Military Court


!



ë Under 1947 constitution, ³Common Law´
Principle have been accepted
ë Article 76 says ³´
he whole Judicial Power
is vested in a Supreme court and in such
inferior court as are established by law.´
ë rganisation of Judiciary
-
he Supreme court
- Lower Courts : High courts,
(istrict courts, Summary Courts






ë
he origin of Political parties traced back

to 1874
ë After the 1890 meiji Constitution, 3 parties
were there .
hey are as follows
- Imperial Party
- Liberal Party
- Progressive Party
 V


ë Extra-Constitutional Growth
ë Multiplicity of Political Parties
ë Splits and Merger
ë Long Single Party System
ë Absence of Mass base
ë Bureaucratisation
ë Role of Religion
ë Localism






ë Liberal (emocratic Party
ë Socialist Party
ë
he (emocratic Socialist Party
ë
he Communist Party
 +2 

2

(=