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DNC 200:

GASTROINTESTINAL NURSING

Lower Gastrointestinal Endoscopy


Group O9
NAMA NO MATRIX
MARMANIE JAIMUN 01-1209-00139
MERHGIE MASUGI 01-1209-00149
MOHD.REDUAN 01-1209-00158
NOORATIQAH DUAK 01-1209-00167
NOORAZIMAH BENJAMIN 01-1209-00176
NUR AZLINE 01-1209-00185
NURUL AKMA ROSLAN 01-1209-00195
REZLIE DUNGGAH 01-1209-00205
RUPIAH JARAU 01-1209-00216
SANDRA ELVIESIA 01-1209-00225
SITI NURHIDAYU MUDIN 01-120900-236
SUZAINI SALIM 01-1209-00247
VIANEY JAMES 01-1209-00257
Case study
 The name for the patient is Mr X. His 35 years
old and have been entered in the male
medical ward on 4th Jan 2011at 2pm. The
doctor suspected he may have disease
ulcerative colitis. Doctor order to undergo to
medical lower GI endoscopy to identify the
problem.
Learning objective
a) Defined of lower GI endoscopy?
b) Defined of what is endoscopy?
c) State the type of endoscopy?
d) Described the indication and contraindication of
lower GI endoscopy?
e) Explanation the procedure of lower GI endoscopy?
Introduction of lower GI endoscopy
A lower GI endoscopy is the term used to
describe a specialized medical examination of
the inside of an individual’s lower
Gastrointestinal tract.
 This particular type of exam is a combination

of two other lower GI exam’s the colonoscopy


and the sigmoidoscopy.
 Lower gastrointestinal endoscopies are used

to identify specific problems with the lower


bowels and follow a set procedure.
DEFINITION
 Endoscopy

-endoscopy consist of a tube with a light at the


end and optical system or a miniature video
camera for transmitting an image to the
examiner’s eye.

 Lower Gastrointestinal (GI) Endoscopy

 A lower GI endoscopy uses an endoscope, a thin,


flexible tube equipped with a light and video camera,
to view the inside of the gastrointestinal tract.
Indication
a) Unexplained bleeding or persistent changes in
bowel habits.
b) Abdominal pain
c) Rectal bleeding
d) Suspected ulcerative colitis and crohn diseases.
e) Infection of the colon.
Contraindication
 Patient who are physically unfit
-E.g, who have severe cardio-respiration disease or
similar.
 Patient who are at risk of sub-acute bacterial

endocarditis.
-E.g, who have prosthetic heart valve or previous
history of SBE.
 Patients who taking anticoalgulant .
Explanation procedure
A lower GI endoscopy uses an endoscopy, a thin flexible
tube equipment with a light & video camera, to view the
inside of the gastrointestinal tract.In this particular
examination, both a colonoscopy can examination
thesigmoid portion of the colon are performed the
examination is performed by a physician specially trained
to performed the examination and imterpret the results.
Preparation
 Before undergoing a lower GI endoscopy,
there are a number of important pre-
procedure specifications to observe.
 In most cases an individual preparing for an

endoscopy will need to drink only clear


liquids and not consume food for at least
24hrs prior to the exam.
 Laxatives and an enema may be required

before the start to exam.


Procedure
 The individual is placed on an examination table.
 The endoscopy is then inserted into the rectum
where it is used to examine the inner walls of
the lower GI system while the examination is
taking place , still shorts can be saved on a
computer for further analysis and diagnosis.
After the examination is complete, another
person is needed to drive the patient home since
the effect on the sedation can take some time to
wear off completely.
Before procedure
 Before the procedure
1) Explain procedure to the patient.
2) Inform consent fullfill by patient.
3) Medical history.
4) Physical examination.
5) Pre operative teaching.
6) Provide support.
7) Give intravenous pain medication and sedative.
During the procedure
 Patient’s position.
 Monitor vital signs, breath sound, comfort

level of the patient.


 Ask patient to take slow, deep breaths,

inhaling through nose. This help more


complete respiration.
After the procedure
 Check the vital signs.
 Give comfortable to the patient.
 Asses the condition of the patient.
 Assess the pain score.
 Nutritional care.
 Intravenous care.
 May pass a urinary catheter before operation.
CONCLUSION
 Lower GI endoscopy is the initial method of
evaluation as an alternative to radiographic
studies.
 It is also to screening for polyps or colon cancer.
 Suspected ulcerative colitis or crohn ’s diseases.

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