Method Of

Instructional

WO1 (U) ABU SUFYAN

CAWANGAN LATIHAN
TUDB
PENANJONG GARISON
Prelims
• Fire
• Bomb Alert
• Smoking
• Eating/ Drinking
• Safety Cable
• Questions
• Note
• Test
• Handout
 Introduction

To be successful any period of

instruction must be fully planned, prepared
and presented.
This requires time, effort and
imagination on the part of instructor.
 Objective
The objective of my lesson today is to
teach you Basic Method Of Instructional so
that by the end of this lesson you will be able
to:
Preparation and Planning the Lesson Successful
and Effectively plan.
To identify the main important of the Promotion
and maintenance of the desire to learn.
Use the Question Technique and Confirmation
during the lesson.
Reason Why/ Incentive
Scope

 Lesson Preparation
 Promotion The Desire to Learn
 Maintenance The Desire to Learn
 Confirmation
 Question Technique
Lesson Preparation
Lesson Preparation
In order to ensure that the preparation of the period
of instruction is COMPLETE, the instructor must at some
stage consider the following factors:
- Class
- Objective
- Material
- Training Aids
- Lesson Plan
- Environment
- Rehearse
- Editing
 Lesson Preparation
Class
- How many students are there
- Their Level of aptitude
- Previous knowledge and experience
 Lesson Preparation
Objective
- The Objective must be precise (Tepat),
concise (Ringkas), testable (Teruji) and above
all, attainable (Tercapai).
- It must be related to the level of the
students and the time available.
- Producing the end of lesson test at this
time, to ensure that it matches the objective
- The format of test the objective by oral,
written or practical.
 Lesson Preparation
Material
- Sources of material included pamphlet,
handbooks, course précis, previous experience
and the knowledge of another instructors
- All information relevant to the objective
- Some items may have been taught in
previous lesson and some of these can be used
for revision
 Lesson Preparation
Training Aids
- Teaching points annotate (Mencatat) thus
which will be understood more easily if
illustrated in some way a picture or some from
Audio or Visual Aid.
- Preparation of aids should not be started
until the lesson plans has been produced.
 Lesson Preparation
Lesson Plan
- This must be produced following the
standard format.
- The other factors will generally indicate
the best approach to the subject and the most
effective way of presenting the lesson.
 Lesson Preparation
Environment
- The instructional area must be visited and
checked administrative arrangement seating
plan, lighting, power point and others
- In many cases, realistic setting rather than
classroom will be needed
 Lesson Preparation
Rehearsal
- The lesson must fit the time available
- Rehearse the lesson with its supporting
aids through
- Rehearsing at least once in the
instructional area where it is to take place
- Rehearsal gives accurate timing and a
smooth flow
 Lesson Preparation
Editing
- This will usually be necessary to make the
lesson match the time allowed and Having
edited the lesson then rehearse again and
again
Any Question

?
Question
In order to ensure that the preparation of the period
of instruction is COMPLETE, the instructor must at some
stage consider the following factors:
- Class
- Objective
- Material
- Training Aids
- Lesson Plan
- Environment
- Rehearse
- Editing
PROMOTION OF THE
DESIRE TO LEARN
 PROMOTION OF THE
DESIRE TO LEARN
- Frequently:
1. An Instructor is faced with teaching
individuals.
2. The Onus is then on the Instructor to
arouse (Membangkitkan) their interest and
make them want to learn.
 Instructor can do by

- Creating Interest
- Developing the Interest
 CREATING INTEREST

- Creating Interest in the instruction BEFORE the class

assembles by:
a. A programmed design to attract attention and
keep students fully informed.
b. Advertisement - Any display (posters,
exhibits).
c. The Look Forward in previous related period.
DEVELOPING THE INTEREST
- Developing the interest of the class during the
BEGINNING of the period by stating:
a. The Lesson objective - Clear statement of what
is to be learned.
b. The Reason Why - A realistic reason why it is
important that the class should learn it.
c. Incentive - What personnel benefit (faedah) is to
be gained (diperolehi) from learning what is to be
taught in the period.
Any Questions
on this part of the
lesson?
Questions
Q1. What Instructor can do to make the student want to
learn ?
A. Creating interest and Developing the interest
Q2. When did the creating interest can be done ?
A. BEFORE the class assembles
Q3. What are the 3 ways of creating interest?
A. A programme , Advertisement , The Look Forward
Q4. What are the 3 important part developing the
interest?
A. The lesson objective, The Reason why, Incentive.
Question
In order to ensure that the preparation of the period
of instruction is COMPLETE, the instructor must at some
stage consider the following factors:
- Class
- Objective
- Material
- Training Aids
- Lesson Plan
- Environment
- Rehearse
- Editing
Questions
Q1. What Instructor can do to make the student want to
learn ?
A. Creating interest and Developing the interest
Q2. When did the creating interest can be done ?
A. BEFORE the class assembles
Q3. What are the 3 ways of creating interest?
A. A programme , Advertisement , The Look Forward
Q4. What are the 3 important part developing the
interest?
A. The lesson objective, The Reason why, Incentive.
MAINTENANCE OF THE
DESIRE TO LEARN
MAINTENANCE OF THE
DESIRE TO LEARN
- There are 7 main factors which keeping the
class wanting to learn:
a. Use of the Senses.
b. Activity
c. Variety (berbagai-bagai jenis)
d. Enthusiasm (semangat)
e. Realism
f. Simplicity (kemudahan)
g. Avoidance of Distractions. (gangguan)
USE OF THE SENSES
- Student learn more quickly and effectively by:
a. Hearing
b. Sight
c. Touch
d. Taste
e. Smell
ACTIVITY
- The Instructor must strive for Maximum activity
by:
1. Mental activity when teaching facts.
(Testing questions or activity)
2. Physical or manual activity when teaching
skills.
 VARIETY

- Always seek variety in instruction.

- The Instructor must be imaginative in
selecting good aids, different method of
presentation.
 ENTHUSIASM
- The Instructor’s enthusiasm will be
communicated to his class.
 REALISM
- To be effective,instruction must be as realistic
as possible. It can be achieved by:
1. Realistic simulation of conditions and effects.
2. Using realistic aids ( Painting a Picture or
convincing story).
3. Relating instruction to everybody life.
4. Explaining the practical application of the
instruction.
 SIMPLICITY

- Instruct at he level of the particular class

being taught
- Nothing will be learned unless it is understood
AVOIDANCE OF
DISTRACTION
- These may be caused by bad conditions of
work, or possibly the Instructor’s mannerisms.
- Plan to diminish (menyusut) them
Any Questions
on this part of the
lesson?
How may ways to get the
interest of the class and keep it
what are there?
S-
A-
V-
E-
R-
S-
D-
How may ways to get the
interest of the class and keep it
what are there?
S - Senses
A - Activity
V - Variety
E - Enthuasism
R- Realism
S- Simlicity
D- Distraction
Any Questions
Confirmation
Confirmation

- Confirmation ensures that one step in the

process of learning is made firm (padat), before
another is attempted
- Confirmation is part of the teaching
process and assesses the effectiveness of
instruction
Confirmation
Why Confirm
- Confirmation is necessary at all stages of
instruction to make certain that students are
learning
- Another aspect of confirmation is that it
caters for the Instructor pausing at certain
intervals to allow students to clear up any
doubts which they may have
- Confirmation develops a sense of
achievement and provides the students with an
incentive to learn
Confirmation
When to Confirm
- At the beginning of period by planned
revision if there has been any previous related
instruction on the subject
- During the middle or teaching part of the
lesson by planned confirmation to ensure that
students have understood each stage
- At the end of the period by planned
confirmation to achieved the objective of the
lesson
Confirmation
How to Confirm
- By allowing the student to clear any
doubts and then testing by using one or more of
the following:
- Oral Test
- Written Test
- Performance Test
Confirmation
How to Confirm
- Care must be taken to ensure that test used
is appropriate to the lesson objective.
- Example of the type of questions that can be
used in written test are:
- Multiple Choice
- Matching Pairs
- Interchanged Words
- Missing words
- Short Statement answers
Confirmation
How to Confirm
- Variety in testing can be obtained by
means of a:
- Quiz
- Discussion
- Exercise
- Competition
Any Question

?
Question Technique
Question Technique

- The technique of asking question during a

lesson must be understood by the instructor
- Good question technique will enable them
to keep their students active and alert
Question Technique
Why Asking Question

- To TEST by checking the knowledge of

the class
- To TEACH by making the class reason
out answer for themselves
- To CREATE ACTIVITY by keeping the
class mentally alert
Question Technique
How to Put Questions to the Class
DO
- Direct questions to the class as a whole
give time for the whole class to think out the
answer
POSE THE QUESTION – PAUSE
-NOMINATE THE STUDENT (POUNCE)
- Make sure that the question is CLEAR so
that it is easily understood by the class
Question Technique
How to Put Questions to the Class
DON’T
- Ask Question which encourage guessing,
AVOID 50/50 QUESTION
- Ask question which require a verbal
answer to test of skill. The true test of skill is a
practical performance
- Ask question which test the student power
of expression. These questions are unfair and
may cause confusion or embarrassment
Question Technique
How to Deal With Questions From the
Class
- Questions put to the Instructor by their
students fall into three categories:
- Relevant
- Irrelevant
- Instructor does not know the answer
 Question Technique
How to Deal With Questions From the
Class
Relevant Question
- If the question covers a point already
taught, put it back to the class to check whether
the point was missed generally
- The student should be told that the point
will be dealt with later in the lesson and also be
commended for their attention and interest
 Question Technique
How to Deal With Questions From the
Class
Irrelevant Question
- If the question is genuine the instructor
must deal with it constructively
- If the question is a deliberate attempt to
mislead
 Question Technique
How to Deal With Questions From the
Class
Instructor Does Not Know the Answer
- The instructor should NOT try to bluff it out
- Admit that the answer is not known and
tell the class that the answer will be given at a
future time or after class
Any Question

?
Are They Any Question The
Whole Of Lesson

?
Question
In order to ensure that the preparation of the period
of instruction is COMPLETE, the instructor must at some
stage consider the following factors:
- Class
- Objective
- Material
- Training Aids
- Lesson Plan
- Environment
- Rehearse
- Editing
Questions
Q1. What Instructor can do to make the student want to
learn ?
A. Creating interest and Developing the interest
Q2. When did the creating interest can be done ?
A. BEFORE the class assembles
Q3. What are the 3 ways of creating interest?
A. A programme , Advertisement , The Look Forward
Q4. What are the 3 important part developing the
interest?
A. The lesson objective, The Reason why, Incentive.
How may ways to get the
interest of the class and keep it
what are there?
S-
A-
V-
E-
R-
S-
D-
How may ways to get the
interest of the class and keep it
what are there?
S - Senses
A - Activity
V - Variety
E - Enthuasism
R- Realism
S- Simlicity
D- Distraction
Question
How to Confirm
-By allowing the student to clear any doubts and
then testing by using one or more of the
following:
- Oral Test
- Written Test
- Performance Test
Question
How to confirm
Example of the type of questions that can be
used in written test are:
- Multiple Choice
- Matching Pairs
- Interchanged Words
- Missing words
- Short Statement answers
 Question

- Variety in testing can be obtained by

means of a:
- Quiz
- Discussion
- Exercise
- Competition
Summary
Lesson Preparation
In order to ensure that the preparation of the period
of instruction is COMPLETE, the instructor must at some
stage consider the following factors:
- Class
- Objective
- Material
- Training Aids
- Lesson Plan
- Environment
- Rehearse
- Editing
MAINTENANCE OF THE
DESIRE TO LEARN
- There are 7 main factors which keeping the
class wanting to learn:
a. Use of the Senses.
b. Activity
c. Variety
d. Enthusiasm
e. Realism
f. Simplicity
g. Avoidance of Distractions.
Look Forward