VINAY SHREYAS K.V.

B.E., M.Tech.

Lecturer, Department of Electrical and Electronics

H.K.B.K. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
BANGALORE, KARNATAKA - INDIA 1
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The Air, the Water, and the Earth are
not gift from our parents but are loan
from our Children - Rigveda

“NEED BASED CONSUMPTION”

INSTEAD OF
“GREED BASED CONSUMPTION”
AS THE ALTERNATE.
Energy

 Energy is a major input for overall socio-

economic development of any society
 Energy cannot be created or destroyed;
it can only be transferred from one form
to another
 Most of our electricity is generated with
non-renewable resources
◦ Coal
◦ Natural Liquid & Gas
◦ Nuclear power
 SOCIAL
RESPONSIBILITY
- ENERGY

THE KEY
CONCERN FOR
DRIVES
ENERGY ARE
ENVIRONMENT

COST
COMPETITIVENES -
ECONOMICAL
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 Classifications of Energy Sources
A nonrenewable resource is a natural resource that cannot be re-made
or re-grown at a scale comparable to its consumption

Limited Unlimited Renewable

Oil Solar Hydro power
Coal Wind Wood
Natural gas Tidal Biomass Gasification
Uranium Geothermal Biomass Fermentation
Exploration and Production : Early History
• The modern era of oil
Abraham Gesner usage began in 1846 when
(1797-1864) Gesner perfected the art
of paraffin distillation.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Abraham_Gesner.gif
• This triggered a massive
worldwide boom in oil
production.

• California was centre of

activity in the early 1900s,
famous for its gushers.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Oilfields_California.jpg

Californian oil gusher

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Lucas_gusher.jpg
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 Life of Fossil Fuel
 Consider the earth as a sphere of radius R=6378.137
kms. This amounts to about
1.1x1021m3((4/3)×π×(6378×103)3).of fossil fuel.
 The average energy density of fossil fuel to be about
10,000Wh/lt or 10,000 KWh/m3.
 The amount of stored energy within the earth is
1.1x1025KWh.
 The Worlds energy consumption is 1.68x1015
kWh/year.
 Considering a 7% growth in energy consumption
annually.
 The fossil fuel may last for about 350 years.
 Taking the ground reality, fossil fuel may last for less
than 100 years.

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 Environmental Effects
Approximately 394 pounds of coal is used to
light one 100-watt incandescent light bulb, 12
hours a day for one year. And burning coal as a
source of energy for light bulbs produces 936
pounds of acid rain and carbon dioxide as well as
7.8 pounds of sulphur dioxide.

Green House effects

Climatic Changes
Depletion of Stratospheric ozone layer
 GLOBAL WARMING
OZONE
HOLE !
 Industrial Revolution
 Mechanisation, Transport and Automation
 Energy Capture
 Fossil Fuel – Coal and Oil

EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING

1. Melting of polar ice caps
2. Extinction of Marine Species
3. Rise in sea level, encroachment into the land
4. Climate change/ Monsoon failure 12
 GENERATION RESOURCES AND TECHNOLOGIES
1 .5 LIMITATIO NS O F C O NVENTIO NAL ENERG Y:

III NUC LEAR:

 ENVIRO NMENTAL HAZARDS & RISKS
 DISPO SAL O F USED MATERIALS

S.NO DETAILS CAPACITY CUMMULATIVE

ADDITION CAPACITY
(MW) (MW)
1. EXISTING CAPACITY - 2720
2. 10TH PLAN 2002-07(UNDER 2520 5240
CONSTRUCTION)
3. 11TH PLAN 2007-12(UNDER 1940 7180
CONSTRUCTION)

4. 11TH PLAN (FUTURE 3000 10180

CAPACITY)
5. BY 2020 (FUTURE CAPACITY) 10000 20180
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1.4 COMMERCIAL ENERGY EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENT:

LARGE SCALE OF COMMERCIAL ENERGY HAS LED TO A BETTER

QUALITY OF LIFE; IT HAS ALSO CREATED MANY PROBLEMS. THE HARMFUL
EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT ARE:

1. FOSSIL FUELS :

a ) THE COMBUSTION OF FOSSIL FUELS HAS CAUSED SERIOUS AIR

POLLUTION PROBLEM IN MANY AREAS, BECAUSE OF THE LOCALIZED
RELEASE OF LARGE AMOUNTS OF HARMFUL GASSES INTO THE
ATMOSPHERE.
b ) SIMILARLY, THE RELEASE OF LARGE AMOUNT OF WASTE HEAT FROM
POWER PLANTS HAS CAUSED THERMAL POLLUTION IN LAKES AND
RIVERS LEADING TO THE DESTRUCTION OF MANY FORMS OF PLANT
AND ANIMAL LIFE.

2. NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS :

a . THERE IS ALSO CONCERN OVER THE POSSIBILITY OF

RADIOACTIVITY BEING RELEASED INTO THE ATMOSPHERE IN THE
EVENT OF AN ACCIDENT AND
b . OVER THE LONG-TERM PROBLEMS OF DISPOSAL OF RADIOACTIVE
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WASTES FROM THESE PLANTS. 15
CAUSE OF GLOBAL WARMING

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 HEALTH HAZARDS
 Carbon monoxide
Poor reflexes
comatose state
Nausea
 Oxides of nitrogen
Lung irritation
Eye burning
Headache
 Sulphur dioxide
Aggravates heart ailments
Lung diseases
Cancer
Respiratory illness
 Particulate matter
Chronic bronchitis
Pulmonary emphysema
 Life Cycle Emission from Various Energy Sources
As can be seen from the Table 4, the renewable energy sources have very
little contribution to the anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. These
resources are stated below in increasing order of their contribution to CO 2
emissions

- Large hydro ( 3.6 – 11.6 g/kWh CO­2)

- Wind (7–9 g/kWh CO­2)
- Geo thermal (7–9 g/kWh CO­2)
- Small hydro (9 g/kWh CO­2)
- Bio mass ( 17 – 27 g/kWh CO­2)
- Solar thermal electric (26 – 38 g/kWh CO­2)
- Solar photovoltaic (98 – 167 g/kWh CO­2).

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 Climate Change Impact

Melting Icecaps Droughts & Hunger

Melting Icecaps
Destruction of Coral
In Africa, Mt KiliManjaro Reefs 21
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CHALLENGES:

1. Re d uc e T&D Lo sse s b y 2011-12.

2. Ele c trific a tio n o f a ll ho use ho ld s
3. De ve lo p m e nt o f stro ng e le c tric a l infra struc ture fo r Rura l Co nsum e rs.
4. Cre a tio n o f De m a nd sid e Ma na g e m e nt
5. Ene rg y e ffic ie nc y m e a sure fo r o p tim a l utiliza tio n o f Ele c tric ity.
6. Ma rke ting o f e le c tric ity by c re a ting d e m a nd .

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WHAT IS THE SOLUTION FOR
COMING OUT OF THIS SITUAT ION

1. CONSERVE ELECTRICITY
2. CONSERVE FOSSILE FUELS
3. SAVE WATER
4. ALLOW NATURE TO MAINTAIN ECOLOGICAL
BALANCE
5. SAVE ENVIRONMENT
6. MAXIMUM USE OF NATURAL INEXHAUSTABLE
RESOURCES – RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
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FUTURE SUSTAINABLE ENERGY VISION

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HYDRO

HIGH VOLTAGE
SUBSTATION

INDUSTRIAL &
THERMAL
COMMERCIAL
CONSUMERS
HIGH VOLTAGE
SUBSTATION
TRNSMISSION
NET WORK

GAS TURBINE
MEDIMUM
VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION
SUBSTATION – & RETAIL
66/33 kV MANAGEMENT

MEDIMUM
VOLTAGE
TRANSMISSION
NETWORK

WIND FARM

11 / 0.415 kV DOMESTIC /
SUBSTATION NON-DOMESTIC /
RURAL
CONSUMERS

DISTRIBUTION
NETWORK

POWER SYSTEM GENERATION – TRANSMISSION - DISTRIBUTION

Distributed Hybrid Power Plant
High Voltage Transmission Network

Conventional Power Station

Distribution Network
(Consumer Loads)

Power
PowerElectronic
ElectronicInterfaces
Interfaces

BIO-MASS SOLAR BATTERY BANKS

WIND
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1.7 ADVANTAGES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY:
 RECEIVED GREATER ATTENTION TO DEVELOP EFFICIENT
ENERGY CONVERSION AND UTILIZATION TECHNIQUES.
 THE REALIZATION OF ENORMOUS NEED TO ELECTRIFY
AND ENERGIES REMOTE RURAL AREAS.
 ADEQUATELY AVAILABLE, LEAST IMPACT ON
ENVIRONMENT AND ECOLOGY
 IDEALLY SUITED FOR DECENTRALIZED VARIETY OF
APPLICATIONS.
 THE FUTURE OF FOSSIL FUELS HAS A LIMITED TIME FOR
THEIR AVAILABILITY i.e . ESTIMATED THAT IT COULD BE
AROUND 70 TO 100 YEARS.
 INACCESSIBLE AREAS AND HILLY TERRAIN’S, RENEWABLE
ENERGY BECOMES VERY HANDY.
 THE COST OF GENERATION GOES ON DECREASING AS
TIME PASSES.
 ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY PROJECTS

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LIMITATIONS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES:

SOLAR
 SEASONALNATURE AND USEFULNESS IS SOMEWHATLIMITED
BIOMASS
 COSTOF OF RAW MATERIALINCREASES EVER YEAR
CO-GENERATION
 ONLY IN SUGAR FACTORIES
MINI/ MICRO HYDEL
 SEASONALNATURE AND CANALBASED SITES
* Educate next generation about
Renewable Energy through school
Curricula
* Capitalize on our great universities
* Create Renewable Energy vision
for Indian citizens
Thanks & any ?
vnyshreyas1984@gmail.com