14.

4 Jackson’s Approach to Governing

The Kitchen Cabinet
• Didn’t listen to his cabinet, instead he listened to
friends and supporters.
• These people became known as the “kitchen cabinet.”
• Well-born citizens were distrustful of the kitchen
cabinet.
 The Spoils System
• Jackson replaced many
Republican civil
servants (office
holders) with faithful
Democrats.
• Rewarding political
supporters with jobs is
called the “spoils
system.”
 14.5 The Nullification Crisis
Tariffs
• 1828 Congress passed a law raising tariffs on imported
goods so American manufactures could outsell foreign
competitors.
• Northern states approved, southern states were strongly
opposed.
• Southern states referred to the tariff as the “Tariff of
Abominations.”
 Tariff of Abomination
45% tariff on raw materials South was strongly opposed
 Nullification and Secession
• Calhoun led South Carolina to proclaim nullification (to
reject) of the tariff.
• S.C. threatened to secede if the gov. tried to enforce the tariff.
• Jackson got Congress to pass the Force Bill to use the army to
collect tariffs. Infuriated states’ rights supporters.
• S.C. backed down and crisis died.
 14.6 Jackson Battles the Bank
The 2nd National Bank
• Jackson hated the Bank, thought it favored
rich, eastern investors, and that it was corrupt.
• Bank had a monopoly on gov. deposits.
• Jackson distrusted Biddle, pres. of the bank.
 Killing the Bank
• Clay forced the issue of the Bank early.
• Jackson vetoed the bill to re-charter the Bank.
• Farmers supported his decision, the rich and well-born did not.
• Jackson ordered all fed. deposits to be removed from the bank,
and the bank went bankrupt.
 14.7 Jackson’s Indian Policy
The Policy
• National policy was to remove Natives from the
East by force.
• By Jackson’s time, only 125,000 Indians were left
in the East due to disease and warfare.
• Five Civilized Tribes: Creek, Cherokee, Chickasaw,
Choctaw, and Seminole.
• With the spread of cotton, Whites decided that
Indians had to go.
5 Civilized Tribes: Cherokee, Choctaw,
Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole
 The Indian Removal Act
• 1830, Congress passed the I.R. Act. Allowed
President to make treaties where Natives
traded land in the East for lands in the West.
• Act did not say Indians would be removed by
force. Supreme Court ruled that the Natives
had a right to their lands.
• Jackson disagreed and Natives were moved
west by military force.
The Way West
Not really this nice of a walk
This is what they got
In his message to Congress, Jackson said:  “It gives me pleasure
to announce to Congress that the benevolent policy of the
Government, steadily pursued for nearly thirty years, in relation
to the removal of the Indians beyond the white settlements is
approaching to a happy consummation.”
 The Trail of Tears
• By 1838, thousands of Natives had been
forcibly marched out of the East to Oklahoma
territory. 4,000 died during the march.
• Seminoles resisted in Florida for 10 more
years.
• The conflict between whites and Natives had
simply moved west of the Mississippi.
Black Hawk What it really looked like