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Antibiotics:
Antimicrobial compound derived from
microbial origin

Inhibits vital processes of bacterial cells or

metabolism

five major classes:

3
Êell wall inhibitors
2. Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis
3. Protein synthesis inhibitors
4. Anti-metabolites
5. Antibiotics that can damage the cell
membrane
 Antibiotic Resistance
‡Genetic drug resistance- ‡Phenotypic drug
 ceduced permeability or uptake. resistance-
 Enhanced efflux. 6iofilm formation
 Enzymatic inactivation. Salicylate induced
 Alteration of the drug target. resistance
6acterial persisters

Managing problem of drug resistance

Prevent spread of drug resistant bacteria
Development of new antibiotics
Phage therapy
Host defense mechanisms
Use of normal microbial flora
AN AYURVEDIC APPROACH TO
MICROBIAL INFECTIONS

Œestern approach- Microbial infection is primary cause of

infectious diseases.
Ayurveda recognizes the microbial approach, but not as the
primary cause of disease.

According to the Ayurvedic approach- anyone who has

developed an imbalance in physiological,metabolical, and
biochemical constituent of body and therefore weakened their
immune system, may be subject to a microbial infection.
 M
  
   

 

Ê
 
  


Simple phenols and Êatechol£ Êinnamic acid, enzyme inhibition by the
phenolic acids.
caffeic acid, pyrogallol oxidized compounds
Quinones Hypericin 6ind to adhesins, complex
with cell wall, inactivate
enzymes
Tannins Ellagitannin 6ind to proteins£

 
£   
 
£   

Terpenoids and Essential Êamphor, Êapsaicin Membrane disruption
Oil
Alkaloids 6erberine ntercalate into cell wall
and/or DNA

Lectins and Polypeptides Thionines, Fabatins formation of ion channels

in the microbial membrane
or competitive inhibition of
adhesion of microbial
proteins to host
polysaccharide receptors.
 Bacterial cultures
Objective resistant to
To evaluate combined effect of different antibiotics-
Ayurvedic preparations and antibiotics Ampicillin,
against drug resistant bacteria.
Ciprofloxacin
§
- isolated from stool
Ayurvedic Medicines of patient
atujarishta
Dasamoolarishta 
 
 isolated from
Tribhuvan kirti ras blood
Triphala
Drakshasava 


 isolated
from pus

m
 isolated from

 Methodology
Sterilization
Êonfirmed resistance of bacterial culture to antibiotics
Ampicillin and Êiprofloxacin by Agar well diffusion method.
Maintenance of organism on Nutrient Agar slant
Inoculum preparation in Nutrient 6roth
Antimicrobial sensitivity test by Agar well diffusion
method
c






   




   

  



 


E. coli P.aerginosa K.pneumoniae S. aureus

43

38
34 34

28 28
26

19
17
14 14

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ampicillin Ciprofloxacin Katujarishta Katujarishta + Ampicillin Katujarishta + Ciprofloxacin



 
 
Ê     Ê 
 







 




   Ê 

§
 - - 7 26 34
 
 - - 28 17 34
 - - 19 14 14

  - - 28 38 43
   





   

  



 


E. coli P.aerginosa K.pneumoniae S. aureus

37

31
28 28
26
23 24 24 24
21

14

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ampicillin Ciprofloxacin Dasamool-arishta Dasamool-arishta + Dasamool-arishta +

Ampicillin Ciprofloxacin



 
 
Ê 
   Ê 
 

  

  

 










   Ê 

§
 - - 9 24 37

   - - 23 2 3

    - - 26 24 28


  - - 24 4 28
    

 !  
 
   

  



 


E. coli P.aerginosa K.pneumoniae S. aureus

40

32
30
28 28
26 26

21
17

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ampicillin Ciprofloxacin Tribhuvan Kirti ras Tribhuvan Kirti ras + Tribhuvan Kirti ras +
Ampicillin Ciprofloxacin



 
 
Ê 
   Ê 
 

 

 


  
   
   

   Ê 

§
 - - 17 30 40

 
 - - 26 - 32

  - - 26 2 2


   - - - - 21
    



   

  


 



E. coli P.aerginosa K.pneumoniae S. aureus

29 29

26
24

21 21

18

14
12
10 10
8

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ampicillin Ciprofloxacin Triphala Triphala + Ampicillin Triphala + Ciprofloxacin



 
 
Ê     Ê 
 





 



   Ê 

§
 - - 21 21 24
 
 - - 10 12 26
 - - 8 14 29

  - - 10 18 29
   
!




   

  



 


E. coli P.aerginosa K.pneumoniae S. aureus 35
34

29
27

18 18
17

11
9

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ampicillin Ciprofloxacin Drakshasava Drakshasava + Ampicillin Drakshasava + Ciprofloxacin



 
 
Ê     Ê 
 
!




!



 
!




   Ê 

§
 - - - 29 35
 
 - - 9 17 18
 - - - 18 34

  - - - 11 27
 Ê
Objective of this work was to study combined effect of
Ayurvedic medicines and Antibiotics against drug resistant
bacteria. Œe take clinical isolates of 4 organisms resistant to some
antibiotics, generally used to treat disease caused by these
organisms.
In most cases organisms resistant to antibiotics become
sensitivity when combined with some ayurvedic medicines. In
certain cases organisms were sensitive ayurvedic medicines, but
sensitivity increases when combined with antibiotics.
It was interesting to know that, in some cases although
organisms were resistant to both antibiotics and ayurvedic
medicines but sensitive to their combination.
Thus- combination of 2 antimicrobial substrates can be an
effective approach to combat with problem of Antibiotic
resistance.
 I would like to end with a quote by the Nobel Prize
laureate Joshua Lederberg:
å




  











 

 









 




 





 




 *
Œe must remember that the microbes have been
on this planet much longer than we have and can
develop resistance to any antibiotics used to treat them.
Œe should use a combination of approaches as
discussed above to minimize the resistance problem.£