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What are the crimes called forgeries?
1. Forging the seal of the govt, signature or stamp of the Chief Executive (ART. 161)
2. Counterfeiting coins (ART.163)
3. Mutilation of coins ( ART. 164)
4. Forging treasury or bank notes or other documents payable to the
bearer(ART.166)
5. Counterfeiting instruments not payable to the bearer (ART. 167)
6. Falsification of legislative documents (ART. 170)
7. Falsification by public officer, employee or notary or ecclesiastical minister. (ART.
171)
8. Falsification by private individuals (ART. 172)
9. Falsification of wireless, cable, telegraph and telephone messages(ART. 173)
10. Falsification of medical certificates, certificates of merit or service (ART. 174)
ART. 161: Forging the seal of the govt, signature or
stamp of the Chief Executive (ART. 161)
Acts punished:
Elements:
hat are the crimes under counterfeiting coins?
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Coin
å a piece of metal stamped with certain marks and made current at a
certain value. ( Bouvier͛s Law Dictionary, 519)
hen is a coin false or counterfeited?
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hat are the 2 offenses contemplated in Art. 177?
1. Usurpation of authority;
2. Usurpation of official function.
( People vs. Belarmino, C.A. 58 O.G. 6284)
2 Ways of committing the crime under ART.177
1. By knowingly and falsely representing oneself to
be an officer, agent or representative of any
department or agency of the Phil Govt or any
foreign govt;
2. By performing any act pertaining to any person in
authority or public officer of the Phil. govt or of a
foreign govt or any agency thereof, under pretense
of official position, and without being lawfully
entitled to do so.
Art. 178 Using fictitious name and concealing true name
1. That the offender uses a name other than his real name;
2. That he uses that fictitious name publicly;
3. That the purpose of the offender __
a. to conceal a crime;
b. to evade the execution of a judgment;
c. to cause damage to public interest
ath
= any form of attestation by which a person signifies that he is
bound in conscience to perfrom an act faithfully and truthfully.
Material matter
= It is the main fact which is the subject of the inquiry or any
circumstance which tends to prove that fact or circumstance
which tend to corraborate or strengthen the testimony
relative to the subject of inquiry, or which legitimately
affects the credit of any witness who testifies.
( US vs. þstraña, 16 Phil. 520)
ART. 184: ffering false testimony in evidence
Those made of ʹ
a. gold; 1. That the offender imports, sells or
b. silver, disposes of any of those articles or
merchandise;
c. ther precious metals, or
2. That the stamps, brands, or marks of
d. Their alloys.
those articles of merchandise fail to
indicate the actual fineness or
quality of the said metals or alloys;
3. That the offender knows that the
stamps, brands or marks fails to
indicate the actual fineness or
quality of the metals or alloys.
ART. 188: Substituting and altering
trademarks, tradenames, or
service marks
What are the acts of the offender punished under ART. 189?