HYDATIDIFORM MOLE

A type of

Gestational trophoblastic disease

Developmental anomally of the
placenta resulting to the degeneration of
the trophoblastic villi. As the cells
degenerate, they become filled with fluid
and appear as clear fluid, grape-sized
vesicles.
With this condition, the embryo fails
to develop beyond a primitive start.
Incidence
• 1 out of 1500-2000 pregnancies in the
U.S. and Europe.
• 1 out of 200-400 pregnancies in Asian
countries.
• 1 out of 250 pregnancies in the
Philippines.
 Causes:
Predisposing factors  Precipitating factor

 Intake of Clomid
 Diet
 Defects in the egg Low Protein Intake
Low Folic Acid Intake
Low Carotene Intake
 Abnormality in the
uterus
 Age < 20 and >40
y/o
 Race
 Types:
Complete Mole: Partial Mole:
 embryonic or fetal  embryonic/fetal
development is not development may be
present. seen
 all the chorionic villi are  some villi are vesicular
vesicular
Sperm Ovum Sperm Ovum

23
23 46
+ Duplication = 23 69
+ =
23
23
46
+ =
23
Complete H Mole
Partial H Mole

Here is a partial mole in a case of triploidy. Note the

scattered grape-like masses with intervening normal-
appearing placental tissue.
 Complete H Mole  Partial H Mole
Twin Gestation
Manifestations:
 Positive Pregnancy Test
 Abnormal growth of the womb
 Abdominal Pain
 Nausea and Vomiting
 Absent FHR
 Vaginal Bleeding
 Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism
 Heat intolerance  Restlessness
 Rapid heart rate  Loose stools
 Trembling hands  Unexplained weight loss
 Symptoms similar to Preeclampsia
 High blood pressure
 Swelling
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Tests:

i. Blood test/ Urine test

ii. Ultrasonography
iii. Chest x-ray
iv. Pelvic exam
Nursing Interventions:
 Dilatation and Curettage

 Perineal Pad Count

 Monitor HCG Level

 Delay Child Bearing for 1 year

 Educate Patient

 Provide emotional support

Treatment
• Removal of the uterus (hysterectomy) :
 Treatment

Invasive or metastatic moles

(cancer) may require
chemotherapy and often
respond well to
methotrexate
Prognosis

 More than 80% of H moles are benign.

 In 10 to 15% of cases, H moles may
develop into invasive moles.
 In 2 to 3% of cases, H moles may develop
into choriocarcinoma.
 The chances of having another molar
pregnancy are approximately 1%.