Epididymis

FUNDAMENTAL: EPITHELIAL
SUBTYPE: Pseudostratified
SPECIFIC SUBTYPE: Pseudostratified Ciliated
FUNCTION:
Passage of the sperm cell
CELL TYPES:
a. BASAL CELLS- precursor of the
principal cells
b. PRINCIPAL CELLS- fluid resorption
- secretes: GLYCEROPHOSPHOCHOLINE
CONTENT: SPERMATOZOA
SPERMATOZOA
Esophagus
FUNDAMENTAL: EPITHELIAL
SUBTYPE: Stratified
SPECIFIC SUBTYPE:
Stratified Squamous Non- Keratinized
LAYERS:
Lamina Propia
Muscularis Mucosa
Submucosa
Tunica Muscularis
Upper- skeletal
Middle- skeletal & SM
Lower – SM
Tunica Serosa/ Tunica Adventitia
SPECIFIC PARTS:
Esophageal glands
Fallopian Tube
FUNDAMENTAL: EPITHELIAL
SUBTYPE: Simple
SPECIFIC SUBTYPE:
Simple Columnar Ciliated
LAYERS:
Mucosa – longitudinal folds
Surface epithelium
Lamina Propia
Muscularis Layer
Serosa
Skin- Epidermis
FUNDAMENTAL: EPITHELIAL
SUBTYPE: Stratified
SPECIFIC SUBTYPE:
Stratified Squamous Keratinized
SPECIFIC PARTS:
FUNCTION: protects the body
CELLS: Epidermal cells
STROMA: Dermis
ARRANGEMENT:Layers
SHAPE: Flat
NUMBER OF NUCLEUS:
Mononucleated
LOCATION: Center
Kidney FUNDAMENTAL: EPITHELIAL
SUBTYPE: Simple
SPECIFIC SUBTYPE:
Parietal layer of bowman’s capsule:
Simple Squamous
DistalConvoluted:
Simple Cuboidal
Proximal Convoluted:
Simple Cuboidal w/ brush borders
SPECIFIC PARTS:
Glomerulus
Collecting tubules– simple cuboidal
Collecting ducts – simple columnar
Loop of Henle
Thin limbs – simple squamous
Ascending limbs – simple cuboidal
JG Apparatus
Macula densa - DCT  columnar
JG cells
Afferent arterioles
- secretes renin, tunica media layer
granulated
Kidney

ASCENDING LIMB

COLLECTING TUBULE

THIN LIMB
WHOLE STRUCTURE: SPECIFIC STRUCTURE:
RENAL CORPUSCLE COLLECTING DUCT
SPECIFIC STRUCTRUE:
GLOMEROLUS
Thyroid Gland
FUNDAMENTAL: EPITHELIAL
SUBTYPE: Simple
SPECIFIC SUBTYPE:
PARAFOLLICULAR CELLS Simple Cuboidal
SPECIFIC PARTS:
Thyroid Follicle
Colloid- contains THYROGLOBULIN
FUNCTION:
COLLOID
Secretes triiodothyronine and
tetraiodothyronine
CELLS:
Parafollicular Cells- secretes
calcitonin
Trachea FUNDAMENTAL: EPITHELIAL
SUBTYPE: Pseudostratified/Cartilage
SPECIFIC SUBTYPE:
Pseudostratified Ciliated With
Goblet Cells/Hyaline Cartilage
CELL: Chondrocytes
STROMA: Perichondrium
SHAPE: Oval
ARRANGEMENT: Isogenous
NUMBER OF NUCLEUS :
Mononucleated
CHONDROCYTES
PERICHONDRIUM LOCATION: Center
LAYERS:
Lamina Propia – Loose Lymphatic tissue
(lymphocytes)
Submucosa
- tracheal glands (mixed secretion)
- trachealis muscle(smooth muscle)
Tunica muscularis
Tunica Adventitia
FUNCTION:
Carries air between the larynx and
bronchi
Ureter
FUNDAMENTAL: EPITHELIAL
SUBTYPE: Transitional
SPECIFIC SUBTYPE:
Transitional
LAYERS:
Lamina propia
Muscular layer
Tunica Adventitia
Urinary Bladder
FUNDAMENTAL: EPITHELIAL
SUBTYPE: Transitional
SPECIFIC SUBTYPE:
Transitional
Aorta
FUNDAMENTAL: CONNECTIVE
SUBTYPE: Fibrous
SPECIFIC SUBTYPE:
Elastic tissue
Artery
FUNDAMENTAL: CONNECTIVE
SUBTYPE: Fibrous
SPECIFIC SUBTYPE:
Elastic tissue
LAYERS:
TUNICA MEDIA
Internal Elastic
Tunica Media
INTERNAL ELASTIC Tunica Adventitia
TUNICA ADVENTITIA
Embryo
FUNDAMENTAL: CONNECTIVE
SUBTYPE: Embryonic Mesenchyma
SPECIFIC SUBTYPE:
Embryonic/Mesenchymal
Nerve
FUNDAMENTAL: CONNECTIVE
EPINEURIUM SUBTYPE: Fibrous
SPECIFIC SUBTYPE:
Endoneurium:
Loose collagenous
Perineurium and Epineurium:
Dense irregular collagenous

PERINEURIUM

ENDONEURIUM
Lymph
FUNDAMENTAL: CONNECTIVE
SUBTYPE: Fibrous
SPECIFIC SUBTYPE:
Reticular tissue
Skin- Dermis
FUNDAMENTAL: CONNECTIVE
SUBTYPE: Fibrous
SPECIFIC SUBTYPE:
Dense irregular collagenous
Stomach
FUNDAMENTAL: CONNECTIVE
SUBTYPE: Fibrous
SPECIFIC SUBTYPE:
lamina propia:
Loose collagenous
SURFACE MUCUS CELLS
submucosa:
Dense irregular collagenous
MUCUS NECK CELLS LINING EPITHELIUM:
Simple columnar
CELLS:
-Surface Mucus cells
PARIETAL CELLS -neutral mucus
CHIEF CELLS -Mucus Neck Cells
-acidic mucus
-Parietal Cells
-HCl secretory cells
-Chief Cells
-Pepsinogen- secretory cells
-Enteroendocrine cells- gastrin
Tendon
FUNDAMENTAL: CONNECTIVE
SUBTYPE: Fibrous
SPECIFIC SUBTYPE:
Dense regular collagenous
Umbilical Cord
FUNDAMENTAL: CONNECTIVE
SUBTYPE: Mucus
SPECIFIC SUBTYPE:
Mucus
Ileum
FUNDAMENTAL: LYMPHATIC
SUBTYPE: Lymph
SPECIFIC SUBTYPE:
Nodular
LINING EPITHELIUM:
Simple Columnar
SPECIFIC PARTS:
Peyers Patches
Lymph Node
FUNDAMENTAL: LYMPHATIC
SUBTYPE: Lymph
SPECIFIC SUBTYPE:
Nodular
CORTEX SPECIFIC PARTS:
MEDULLARY SINUS Capsule
MEDULLARY CORD Cortex
Medulla
Medullary Cords
MEDULLA Medullary Sinus
LYMPH NODULE Lymp Nodule
Germinal Center

GERMINAL CENTER
Spleen
FUNDAMENTAL: LYMPHATIC
SUBTYPE: Lymph
SPECIFIC SUBTYPE:
Diffuse
TRABECULAE SPECIFIC PARTS:
Periarterial Sheath
Trabeculae
White Pulp
Red Pulp
 
PERIARTERIAL SHEATH
RED PULP  
 
WHITE PULP
Thymus
FUNDAMENTAL: LYMPHATIC
SUBTYPE: Lymph
SPECIFIC SUBTYPE:
Diffuse
SPECIFIC PARTS:
Hassal’s Corpuscle
HASSAL’S Capsule of Hassal’s Corpuscle
CORPUSCLE Cortex
Medulla

CAPSULE OF HASSAL’S CORPUSCLE

Tonsil
FUNDAMENTAL: LYMPHATIC
SUBTYPE: Lymph
SPECIFIC SUBTYPE:
Nodular
TONSILAR CRYPTS SPECIFIC PARTS:
Tonsilar Crypts
Tonsilar Nodule

TONSILAR NODULE
Epiglottis
FUNDAMENTAL: CONNECTIVE
SUBTYPE: Cartilage
SPECIFIC SUBTYPE:
Elastic Cartilage
CELL: Chondrocytes
ARRANGEMENT: Isogenous
Intervertebral disc
FUNDAMENTAL: CONNECTIVE
SUBTYPE: Cartilage
SPECIFIC SUBTYPE:
Fibro Cartilage
CELL: Chondrocytes
ARRANGEMENT: Rows
Cancellous Bone/Spongy Bone
FUNDAMENTAL: CONNECTIVE
SUBTYPE: Cartilage/Bone
SPECIFIC SUBTYPE:
Hyaline Cartilage/Spongy Bone
CELL: Osteocytes
Compact Bone
FUNDAMENTAL: CONNECTIVE
SUBTYPE: Bone
SPECIFIC SUBTYPE:
Compact Bone
CELL: Osteocytes
STROMA: Periosteum/endosteum
ARRANGEMENT: Concetric
NUMBER OF NUCLEUS:
Mononucleated
SHAPE: Ovoid
LOCATION: Center
Eosinophils
FUNDAMENTAL: BLOOD
SUBTYPE: Leukocyte
SPECIFIC SUBTYPE:
Granular Leukocyte
Neutrophils/Monocyte
FUNDAMENTAL: BLOOD
SUBTYPE: Leukocyte
SPECIFIC SUBTYPE:
Neutrophil: Granular Leukocyte
Monocyte: Agranular Leukocyte
Lymphocyte
FUNDAMENTAL: BLOOD
SUBTYPE: Leukocyte
SPECIFIC SUBTYPE:
Agranular Leukocyte
Platelets
Cerebrum
LAYERS:
Cerebral Cortex / Gray mater
Cerebral White substance
PERIVASCULAR SPACE CHARECTERISTIC CELL: Pyramidal Cells
SEPICIFIC PARTS:
Arachnoid / Subarachnoid space
Pia Mater
Molecular/ Plexiform Layer
- Horizontal cells of Cajal
Multiform layer
- spindle shaped cells
Perivascular space

PIA MATER

SUBARACHNOID SPACE
ARACHNOID
Cerebellum
LAYERS:
Molecular – stellate cells
Purkinje – Purkinje Cells
Granular – granule cells, nonmyelinated
axons
GRANULAR LAYER CHARACTERISTIC CELLS: Purkinje Cells

WHITE MATER

PURKINJE

MOLECULAR LAYER
Ganglion
LAYERS:
Inner Capsule cells/Satellite cells
NUCLEOLUS Outer Capsule cells - Fibroblast
Perineuronal space
CHARACTERISTIC CELL: Ganglion Cell
SATELLITE CELL FUNCTION:

PERINEURONAL SPACE

OUTER CAPSULE CELL

Spinal Cord
LAYERS:
White Mater
Gray Mater
WHITE MATER
CHARACTERISTIC CELL: Neurons
NEUROGLIAL CELLS:
Astrocytes(fibrous/protoplasmic)
GRAY MATER - blood-brain barrier
Oligodendrocytes
- produces myelin sheath
Microglia
- scavenger cells/phagocytic
cells

EPENDYMAL CELLS
Eyes
Cornea
CORNEAL EPITHELIUM -Lining Epithelium
GANGLION CELL LAYER
Stratified squamous non-
STROMA keratinized
INNER PLEXIFORM LAYER - Bowmann’s membrane (tensile
INNER NUCLEAR LAYER strength & integrity
- Stroma/Substancia propia – Dense
BOWMAN’S MEMBRANE
OUTER PLEXIFORM LAYER regular collagenous tissue
- Descemet’s membrane
CORNEAL
RODS AND
ENDOTHELIUM
CONES LAYER -Endothelium–Simple squamous epithelium
PIGMENT EPITHELIUM
DESCEMET’S MEMBRANE (transparency of cornea)
Sclera – Dense Irregular Collagenous
CHOROID Tissue (type 1 collagen)
Vascular & Muscular coat/ UVEA
nutrition of retina & production of aqueous
SCLERA humor
provides mechanisms for accommodation of
the eyes for near vision & control of amount
of light entering the eye
Eyes
Choroid – w/ Loose pigmented tissue
layer (reflect the light back)
Ciliary Body – Ciliary process
- secrete aqueous humor
Simple columnar epithelium
Iris –
- control amount of light going to
retina
Sphincter papillae & Dilator papillae
Nervous Coat
Retina – receptors of sense of sight
found
 PARTS:
Modiolus
Cochlea Spiral Lamina
Scala Vestibuli- Perilymph
Scala Tympani- Perilymph
Scala Media- endolymph
Basilar Membrane
zona arcuata- medial attachment and
the base of the outermost cells of
SPIRAL LIGAMENT organ of corti
ORGAN OF CORTI zona pectinata- thicker inner portion
STRIA VASCULARIS Vestibular Membrane
Helicotrema
Organ Of Corti
---receptor for auditory stimuli
TECTORIAL MEMBRANE Spiral Ganglion
Stria Vascularis:STRATIFIED
EPITHELIUM
SCALA TYMPANI
---produces endolymph
Spiral limbus- Convergent zone of
SPIRAL LIMBUS vestibular membrane and basilar
SPIRAL GANGLION membrane
-INTERDENTAL CELLS
---Secretes Tectorial Membrane
Liver FUNDAMENTAL: EPITHELIAL
SUBTYPE: Glandular
SPECIFIC SUBTYPE:
Compound tubular
CELL: Hepatocytes
HEPATIC ARTERY STROMA: Glisson’s Capsule/Reticular C.T.
ARRANGEMENT: Rows
SHAPE: Polygonal
HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN NUMBER OF NUCLEUS:
BILE DUCT
Mono/Binucleated
LOCATION: Center
SPECIFIC PARTS:
Hepatic Portal Vein-carries blood from
the digestive tract and spleen to the
CENTRAL VEIN liver
Hepatic Artery- perfuses the liver with
oxygenated blood
Bile Duct-bile synthesis and secretion
Central Vein
Hepatic Sinusoids- liver capillary
Gall Bladder
ROKITANSKY ASCHOFF SINUS
TUNICA ADVENTITIA
FUNDAMENTAL: EPITHELIAL
SUBTYPE: Simple
SPECIFIC SUBTYPE: Simple Columnar
FUNCTION:
stores & concentrates bile &
releases it in response to
cholecystokinin
LAYERS:
Mucosa: SIMPLE COLUMNAR
EPITHELIUM
Lamina Propria
Rokitansky –Aschoff sinus
-prolonged distention
Tunica Muscularis
Fibromuscular layer
-smooth muscle,elastic fibers
Perimuscular Layer
-DENSE IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE
TISSUE
Tunica Serosa
Tunica Adventitia
Pancreas
SECRETION: Purely Serous
ISLETS OF LANGERHANS FUNCTION:
secretion for breakdown of food in
the lumen of duodenum

INTRALOBULAR DUCT

INTERLOBULAR DUCT
Sublingual Gland
SECRETION: Mixed, mostly Mucus
Submandibular Gland
SECRETION: Seromucus
PARTS: Serous Demilunes
Parotid Gland
SECRETION: Mixed, mostly Serous
Intralobular Ducts
STRIATED DUCT
Lined by TALL COLUMNAR
CELLS
INTERCALATED DUCT
Lined by COLUMNAR
STRIATED DUCT EPITHELIUM

INTERCALATED DUCT
Nasal Cavity
LINING EPITHELIUM:
Pseudostratified ciliated
Functions:
nasal mucosa:air hydration, air
filtration, temperature regulation
Parenchyma: Olfactory cells
Olfactory
Olfacoty Epithelium:
Pseudostratified columnar ciliated
w/o goblet cells
VENOUS PLEXUS PARTS:
Fila Olfactorium
Bowman’s gland- Serous
Venous plexus
FILA OLFACTORIUM

BOWMAN’S GLAND
Lungs BRONCHUS
LE – Pseudostratified ciliated w/
goblet cells
SMOOTH MUSCLE
LP – elastic fibers; mucoserous glands;
lymphocytes
HYALINE CARTILAGE
BRONCHIOLE
BRONCHUS LE – Pseudostratified ciliated
ALVEOLAR DUCT w/ goblet cells
CLARA CELLS
ALVEOLUS NO CARTILAGE
NO GLANDS
TERMINAL BRONCHIOLE
LE – Simple Columnar Epithelium
BRONCHIOLE CLARA CELLS
LP – Smooth muscles (elastic)
ALVEOLAR SAC RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLE
LE – Simple Cuboidal
SMOOTH MUSCLE (elastic)
** interrupted by alveoli
Lungs
ALVEOLAR DUCT
LE – Simple Squamous
Epithelium
RESPIRATORY BRONCHIOLE Open into ATRIA
ALVEOLAR SAC
Elastic & Reticular fibers
ALVEOLI
TERMINAL BRONCHIOLE INTERALVEOLAR SEPTUM
** Squamous epithelium
** Capillaries, elastic,
reticular, connective tissue
ALVEOLAR SAC PNEUMOCYTE TYPE I
- squamous
PNEUMOCYTE TYPE II
- cuboidal
ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES
- phagocytosis
Larynx
FUNCTION:
speech and vocalization
False Vocal Cord
Laryngeal MUSCLE
Pseudostratified ciliated
w/ laryngeal glands
True Vocal Cord
Laryngeal GLAND Stratified squamous non-keratinized

TRUE VOCAL CORD

FALSE VOCAL CORD
Tongue
LINING EPITHELIUM:
Stratified squamous non-keratinized

CIRCUMVALATE
FILIFORM

TASTE BUDS
TASTE BUDS
Duodenum
LINING EPITHELIUM: Simple Columnar
SPECIFIC PART: Brunner’s Gland
SECRETION: Mucus

BRUNNERS GLAND
Jejunum
SPECIFIC PARTS:
Plicae circularis
Villi
Intestinal glands
Absorptive cells
Paneth cells
Mucus secretory
Rectum
SPECIFIC PARTS:
Rectum
-Taenia coli
-Intestinal gland
-Goblet cells
-Absorptive cells
Appendix
Seminiferous tubules
LINING EPITHELIUM:
Pseudostratified epithelium –
geminal epithelium
Spermatogonia Type A (dark)  diploid
Spermatogonia Type B (light)  diploid
Primary Spermatocyte  diploid
Spermatids  haploid
Spermatozoa  haploid
Sertoli ells
-Secretes inhibin
- for nourishment of spermatogonic cells
Interstitial cell of Leydig
- Secretes TESTOSTERONE
Seminal Vesicle
LINING EPITHELIUM:
Pseudostratified epithelium
Fibroelastic Connective Tissue
PARTS:
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Glands
SECRETION:
-fructose
FUNCTION:
- Energy source for sperm motility
Prostate
LINING EPITHELIUM:
Pseudostratified epithelium
Tubulo-acinar glands
Fibroelastic Capsule
Corpora amylacea
-Composed of GLYCOPROTEIN
PROSTATE GLAND SECRETION:
-proteolytic enzyme, citric acid, acid
phosphatase and lipids

CORPORA AMYLACEA
Urinary Bladder
LAYERS:
LINING EPITHELIUM:
Transitional epithelium
Surface - tall columnar
Middle - Polygonal
Base - cuboidal
Lamina Propia
Muscular Layer
Tunica Adventia
Tunica Serosa (attached to muscular
layer)
Ductus Epididymis/Vas Deferens
LINING EPITHELIUM:
Pseudostratified epithelium
Muscular layer (thick)
Ovary
Surface/Germinal epithelium –
simple cuboidal
Tunica Albuginea
Follicles w/ ova
Primordial – squamous epithelium
Primary Follicle
GRAAFIAN
PRIMARY
GRANULOSAFOLLICLE
FOLLICLE- MULTILAMINAR
CELLS
ZONA PELLUCIDA Unilaminar (single layer)
Simple cuboidal
CORONA RADIATA Granulose/follicular cells
SECONDARY OOCYTE
Multilaminar(growing/zona
granulosa)
THECAFOLLICLE
EXTERNA Several layers of
CUMULUS OOPHORUS
SECONDARY simple cuboidal
PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLE
Secondary Follicle
Primary oocyte
THECA INTERNA Tertiary/Mature Graafian Folllicle
ANTRUM
Secondary oocyte
w/ single large antrum
Uterus
LAYERS:
Endometrium
FUNCTINAL LAYER Stratum functionalis
Stratum basalis
Glands
Proliferative
ENDOMETRIAL GLAND Secretory
Stroma
ENDOMETRIUM
Proliferative
Secretory
Surface epithelium
Secretory
Myometrium
smooth muscle
MYOMETRIUM  
BASAL LAYER
Cervix
Exocervix/Ectocervix
Stratified squamous non-
keratinized
Stroma: Dense collagenous tissue
ENDOCERVIX Endocervix
Simple columnar
Stroma: Dense
  collagenous tissue
w/ glands
EXOCERVIX
Vagina
 LINING EPITHELIUM:
Stratified squamous non-
keratinized
Smooth muscle
 
Placenta
SECRETION: Human Chorionic
Gonadotropin ( HCG)
Villus
Syncitiotrophoblast
Pineal Gland
Parenchyma: Pinealocytes
Neuroglia
Brain sands/Pineal sand/Corpora
Aranacea
Adrenal Gland
Capsule
Cortex
Parenchyma: Sphongiocytes
Zona granulose
ADRENAL MEDULLA Secretory cell: rounded
clumps
Secretion:
Mineralocorticoids
ADRENAL CORTEX Zona fasciculata
Secretory cell: parallel
cords
Secretion: ↑cortisol,
androgens
Zona reticulata
Secretory cell: irregular
cords
Secretion: cortisol,
↑androgens
Medulla
Parenchyma: Chromaffin cells
SECRETION: Catecholamine
Pituitary Gland
Anterior
Parenchyma: Chromophils
POSTERIOR PITUITARY Pars Distalis
Chromophils
Acidophils
Basophils
Chromophobes
Pars Intermedia: MSH
RATHKE’S CYST cystic structure w/ colloid-like
CORPORA ARENACEA material
Rathke’s cyst
Posterior
ANTERIOR PITUITARY Parenchyma: Pituicytes
SECRETION: NONE