| p
  

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| Rupali Mahadik 009

| Rachit aad 030
| achin alunkhe 037
| igvijay pendulkar 108
| Rupal padhay 045
| Varun Mishra
| Komal padhay 056
| ebabrata Mukherjee
|
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acts,
information
or
premises

systematically
collected
and
formally

presented
for
the
purpose
of
drawing

inferences
may
be
called
data.

p  
  

| Îrimary
data:
re
those
which
are
collected

afresh
and
for
the
first
time
and
thus
happen

to
be
original
in
character
and
known
as

primary
data

| econdary
data:
re
those
which
have
been

collected
by
someone
else
and
which
have

already
been
passed
through
the
statistical

process
are
known
as
secondary
data.
D    



| ata
collection
is
the
stage
of

research
which
has
to
be
planned

after
the
research
problem
is

identified.

M p

ÎRMRY
p


p

| bservation
Method
| ocus
roup
iscussion
| uestionnaire
| nterviewing
| perimentation
|
ase
study
 
@
| bservation

is
a
technique
that
involves
systematically

selecting,
watching
and
recording
behavior
and

characteristics
of
living
beings,
objects
or
phenomena.
t
can
be
undertaken
in
different
ways:

| Îarticipant
observation:
phe
observer
takes
part
in
the
| situation
he
or
she
observes.

| on-participant
observation:
phe
observer
watches
the
situation,
openly
or
concealed,
but
does
not
participate.
ԏ
@




| 
focus
group
discussion
allows
a
group
of
8

12
informants
to
freely
discuss
a
certain

subject
with
the
guidance
of
a
facilitator
or

reporter.
| ocus
research
and
develop
relevant
research

hypotheses

by
eploring
in
greater
depth
the

problem
to
be
investigated
and
its
possible

causes.
à
p

| 
DRpp 
 pR

is
a
data

collection
tool
in
which
written
questions
are

presented
that
are
to
be
answered
by
the

respondents
in
written
form.
| pypes
of
uestionnire:
| pen
ended
|
losed
ended
Ô
 

pD@

| n
p RV D
is
a
data-collection
technique

that
involves
oral
questioning
of
respondents,

either
individually
or

as
a
group.

pypes
of
nterview:
| Îersonal
nterview
| pelephonenic
 


| t
is
an
inclusive
study
of
an
individual.
it

involves
the
investigator
using
his
skills
and

methods
to
systematically
gather

information
about
a
person
to
facilitate
he
or

she
functions
as
a
unit
of
the
society.

| t
is
a
method
of
eploring
and
analyzing

business
aspects
of
an
industrial
unit
or
an

entire
industry.

@ ԏp
sually
there
is
a
large
amount
of
data
that
has
already
been
collected
by
others,
although
it
may
not
necessarily
have
been
analyzed
or

published.
ata-collection
techniques

| ata-collection
techniques
allow
us
to

systematically
collect
information
about
our

objects
of
study
people,
objects,

phenomena)
and
about
the
settings
in
which

they
occur
pppà

p

ata
collection
techniques
: ata
collection
tool
:

sing
available
information
hecklist;
data
compilation
forms

bserving yes
and
other
senses,
pen/paper,
watch,
,
scales.
Microscope

nterviewing nterview
guide,
checklist,
questionnaire,
tape
recorder

dministering
written uestionnaire
questionnaires
p  


  

| nternal

| ternal


  


  

| fficial

Îublications
| emi-fficial
Îublications
| Îublications
relating
to
industries
| ata
collected
by
Research
gencies
| npublished
ata
| sing
available
information

onclusion:

different
data
collection
techniques
and
their
advantages
and

disadvantages,
it
becomes
shows
that
they
can
complement
each

other.

skilful
use
of
a
combination
of
different
techniques
can

reduce
the
chance
of
bias

and
will
give
a
more
comprehensive

understanding
of
the
topic
under
study.

à

 research
techniques
such
as
:
loosely
structured
interviews
using
open-ended
questions,

focus
group
discussions,
and

participant
observation