Analysis of Traffic Statistics Data

Analysis of Traffic
Statistics Data
Department of Radio Network Planning

Directory
☞Brief Introduction of
BSC Traffic Statistics
• Analysis of in common
use Traffic statistics
Items
• Locate Problems With

Traffic statistics
• Cases of Analysis of
Traffic statistics
2
Main Structure of Traffic statistics
BM1
Information of call
processing
BM
BM Information
¡ ¡
Equipment Information
Signaling information
AM/CM
BAM
HUB OMC SERVER
WS1 ¡ ¡ WS
3
Brief Introduction of BSC Traffic Statistics
• Advanced Design of Global Pro-buried Counter
Once host being started,Global

counters start to take count of
on statistics points
automatically without manual
work
• Abundant and Powerful Statistics Functions
4
TCH Congestion Rate
TCH congestion rate (not including handover)

= Times of TCH seizure failure (not including
handover) / Times of TCH seizure request (not
including handover)*100%
TCH congestion rate (including handover) =

Times of TCH seizure failure (including
handover) / Times of TCH seizure request
(including handover)*100%
5
TCH call loss rate

TCH call loss rate(%) = times of TCH call
loss/ times of successful TCH seizure (all)*100%
Reason of TCH call loss

• radio link interruption during TCH seizure(connection
failure)
• radio link interruption during TCH seizure(wrong
indication)
• ground link disconnection during TCH seizure (ABIS)
• A interface failure during TCH seizure
6
SDCCH call loss rate

SDCCH call loss rate(%)= times of SDCCH call
loss /times of successful SDCCH seizure
(all)*100%
Times of SDCCH call loss = times of radio link

interruptions during SDCCH seizure (connection
failure) + times of radio link interruptions during
SDCCH seizure (wrong indication) + times of ground
link interruptions during SDCCH seizure (ABIS)
7
SDCCH Congestion Rate
SDCCH Congestion rate (%) = times of

seizure meets all busy/ times of seizure
requests*100%
8
TCH 、 SDCCH Radio Frequency Loss

Rate:
TCH/SDCCH Radio frequency loss rate (%) = (times

of radio link interruptions during TCH/SDCCH seizure
(connection failure) + times of radio link interruptions
during TCH/SDCCH seizure (wrong indication))
/times of successful TCH/SDCCH seizure (all)*100%
9
Successful Handover Rate
inter-cell Successful Handover rate (%) = times of

successful inter-cell handover /times of inter-cell
handover request *100%
inter-cell handover wireless success rate(%)=times of

inter-cell Successful Handover/times of inter-cell
handover*100%
10
worst cell(china mobile co.ltd)
Conditions:
TCH call loss rate Over 3% Or TCH
congestion rate Over 5% on busy hours
Get number of cells basing on Average Traffic per TCH channel
11
Radio Call Success Rate
radio call success rate(%) ＝（ 1 － TCH

congestion Rate ％） × （ 1 － SDCCH
congestion Rate ％）
12
•Cell frequency point scanning •Rate control performance measurement

•LAPD protocol performance •Cell performance measurement
measurement •MTP link performance measurement
•Upward and downward balanced •BSC cell broadcasting statistics
performance measurement •CPU performance measurement
•receiving level performance •A interface trunk card message statistics
measurement •A interface trunk equipment maintenance
•Receiving quality performance statistics
measurement •A interface operation management statistics
•Defined adjacent cell performance •SCCP protocol performance measurement
measurement •BSC overall performance measurement
•Undefined adjacent cell performance •GPRS Performance measurement
measurement
•In-cell handover performance
measurement
•Out-of-cell handover performance
measurement
•Cell broadcasting statistics
•BTS initialization performance
measurement
•Site initialization performance
13
measurement
•Call loss performance measurement
Directory
• Brief Introduction of
BSC Traffic Statistics
☞ Analysis of in common
use Traffic statistics
Items
• Locate Problems of
Traffic Statistics
•Cases of Analysis of
Traffic Statistics
14
Analysis of in Common Use Traffic statistics items
• Systematic
From Above to Below, from whole to Part
• Integrality
To look over the change trend of index over a week
or everyday
• Relativity
Relationship between all kinds of problems in
network
15
Analysis of in Common Use Traffic Statistics Items
Analysis Process of in Common Use Traffic Statistics Item
When we try to know quality of network, we can

firstly study the BSC integrated performance
through analyze and contrast with C1 report
which is statistics function sub-item.
In analysis process of the integrality
performance/C1 report,if any important indices
(call loss rate or Successful Handover rate) are
abnormal, we should analyze more detailed
corresponding contents.
16
Item Analysis of Common Used Traffic statistics
Analysis Process of in Common Use Traffic Statistics Item
To check those cells with single index overloaded

and
absolute times of failure(call
loss,congestion,Handover
Failure, and so on)
Next process is decided by result integrated two

factor
which are percentage and absolute times of
failure(call
17
loss 、 congestion 、 handover failure ect) .
Radio Call Success Rate
Radio call success rate ＝（ 1 － TCH

congestion
rate ％） × （ 1 － SDCCH congestion rate
％）
Key index of radio service performance
18
Traffic call loss rate
Traffic call loss rate ＝（ System

Traffic( ERL ）
×60 ） /times of call loss
another reflection method of call loss

performance
,refer to call loss rate
19
Worst cell rate
Worst Cell rate ＝ Number of Worst

Cells/Number
of Valid Cells
Worst Cell ：
TCH call loss rate Over 3% or TCH congestion Rate
over 5 ％
Requesting traffic per TCH in statistc cell must be
more
than prescribed value
20
Paging success rate
Relate to “Parameters of attach or detach

permission” 、
Coverage Area and random access collision.
Relate to paging re-sending Mechanisms realized

by MSC
or BSC.
21
Successful Immediate Assignment rate
Once BTS receive RA message from MS, BTS

will apply channel from BSC.
While all available channels are

occupied,BSC send Immediate assignment
rejection message ,which indicates the
failure of Immediate assignment. At the
same time mobile phone will be shielded for
a definite time.
22
TCH congestion rate （ seizure meets all

busy ）
Key index to measure Cell Traffic.
Once number of users is overload in a cell capacity,

go shares with adjacent cells.
23
TCH Interference Band Measurement
The result of TCH Interference band

measurement shows In statistics cycle the
average number of IDLE TCH Interference
within certain interference band, which
reflects the average interference level.
In urban and suburb, because of different

density of base station and the different
levels of frequency reused pattern ,the
normal interference band level is different.
24
Call Loss and Reasons
Four buildup parts of call loss in Traffic

statistics:
TCH Occupational Wireless link Failure

Times (call loss ）
TCH Occupational Wireless link Failure
Times (Wrong Indication ）
TCH Occupational Ground Link Failure Times
（ ABIS ）
TCH Occupational Failure Times of A
interface
25
Call Loss Statistics points
TCH Call Loss rate =Times of TCH Call

Loss / times of successful TCH seizure
(all)*100%
To assess the situation of call loss of the

whole System,we can also adopt another
index-Traffic call loss rate
26
Seizure Failure (congestion) and Reasons
Seizure Failure and Causes
Assignment Failure
Equipment Fault
Invalid Ground Source
Ground Source already Distributed
Illegal Message Contents
Radio Interface Failure, Return To Original Channel
Without Available Channel
the Rest
27
Seizure Failure (congestion ） statistics

point
TCH congestion rate (not including handover) =

(Times of TCH seizure failure +times of
immediately assigned seizure failure)/( Times of
TCH seizure request +times of immediately
assigned TCH seizure requests)*100%
28
SDCCH congestion rate
SDCCH congestion rate (%) = times seizure

meets all busy/ times of seizure requests *100%
29
SDCCH congestion rate statistics Point

SDCCH congestion rate:
Times seizure meets all busy/ times of seizure requests(all)
Times of SDCCH seizure meets all busy :

Make statistic when no resource is available for SDCCH
allocation
Times of SDCCH seizure request(all):

1 、 When receive CH_REQ message and the channel type
is SDCCH or earliest TCH allocation but no TCH is
available,it can do the SDCCH allocation job.
2 、 Inter-cell between BSC Handover ,handover type is
SDCCH handover.
3 、 coming in cell in BSC Handover and In-Cell Handover,
handover type is SDCCH Handover.
30
Reasons of Handover Originating
power budget
Poor Quality of Upward Signal
Poor Quality of Downward Signal
Low Strength of Upward Signal
Low Strength of Downward Signal
TA High-Value
Other Reasons
In/Out cell Handover Performance measurement

lists Times and kinds of handover to All
Adjacent Cells.
31
Handover statistics Point
Inter-cell Successful Handover

rate(%)=(times of in-cell Successful
Handover in BSC+times of in-cell Successful
Handover between BSC+times of out-of-cell
Successful Handover in BSC+times of out-of-
cell Successful Handover between BSC)/
(times of in-cell handover attempts in
BSC+times of in-cell handover attempts
between BSC+times of out-of-cell handover
attempts in BSC+times of out-of-cell
handover attempts between BSC)*100%
32
Handover statistics Point
For Different Objects: BSC, frequency band

( 900/1800), into/out-of-cell handover and
intra-cell handover, having multi handover
statistics indices
locating problems quickly by Analyzing

different
handover indices
33
Reasons of Handover Failure
No Available Channel

Illegal Frequency Points
Timer Timeout
Illegal Channels
Illegal Time Advance
Other Reasons
34
Upward and Downward Balance
All measurement reports of certain TRX are distributed

in different balance level, the sum reflect the traffic
occurred on this TRX.
 Distribution of measurement reports of each TRX in a

cell should be coincident except in
upperlay/overlay(IUO).
 Modifications are made aiming at power

control 、 receiving sensitivity of mobile phone and base
station
when making statistic.
35
Cell Frequency Scanning
Display receiving level of certain

frequency by main/diversity receiving
antenna;
Reflect the interference level of the

frequency;
The different result measured in same

frequency by host/diversity receiving
antenna reflect the difference between
two antennas: direction, gain and channel
attenuation.
36
receiving level Performance
Receive signal levels Performance measurement

statistics aim at TCH channel
Receive signal levels are:

level 0 : -110 ～ -100 dBm ；
level 1 : -100 ～ -95 dBm ；
level 2 : -95 ～ -90 dBm ；
level 3 : -90 ～ -80 dBm ；
level 4 : -80 ～ -70 dBm ；
level 5 : > -70 dBm 。
37
DIRECTORY
•Brief Introduction of BSC Traffic
Statistics
• Analysis of in common use Traffic

statistics Items
☞Locate problems With Traffic

statistics
•Cases of analysis of Traffic

statistics
38
Low Successful Handover rate
Traffic Statistics Analysis
Into Handover
39
Performance statistics
Out Handover
Performance statistics
TCH Performance statistics
Balance Performance of
Uplink and Downlink
Alarm Information
BSC Integrity Performance/C1 Report
High congestion rate
SD Performance
General Idea of Traffic Analysis
Measurement
Uplink and Downlink
Alarm Information
TCH Performance statistics
Uplink and Downlink
High call loss rate
call loss Performance
Measurement
TCH Performance statisticss
Alarm Information
Traffic Statistics Analysis
Integrate with Other Network Optimizing means
Drive Test: simulate user communicating in

moving
Analysis Objects:coverage, quality, handover
and signaling.
CQT Test: make lots of dialing in different

places.
40
Traffic Statistics Analysis -call loss
 Analysis of TCH Call Loss
Call loss Analysis Diagram
High call losses Rate Cell
Call loss performance TCH cell performance Alarm 、

handover performance
measurement measurement statistics hardware fault
Upward average level when

Out-of-cell Times of call loss
TCH call loss
Successful Handover rate
Downward average level when situation of

in-cell
TCH call loss interference band
reasons of
Upward average quality when
call loss
Times of handover TCH call loss
failure and re-setupfailure
Downward average quality
when TCH call loss
Average timing advance when

TCH call loss
41
Analysis of TCH Call Loss

Classifications of call loss
Call loss can be generally divided into 4 classes,
and
characteristics are:
 Edge call loss: low receiving level and high-

value TA
 Nearby Low Level call loss : low receiving
level and low-valued TA
 Poor Quality call loss : high receiving level
and poor receive quality
 Sudden call loss : normal from the beginning
and call loss occurred suddenly. 42
 Edge call loss

Occurrence reason:
MS is out of the effective coverage, isolated Station 、
Isolated Station because of no adjacent relationship 、
excessively covering make for island effect
Solutions:
 Add base station for getting continuous coverage;
 Enable the mobile phone to handover to other cells by
new-add adjacent relationships.
 Increase height of antenna, use high gain antenna and
adjust downtilt of antenna ；
 Modify Parameters, Such As" number of SACCH multi-
frame”, “downlink failure counter”, “edge handover
threshold” and “times of handover statistics” etc. to
improve the call loss performance .
43
Traffic Statistics Analysis -call
loss
 Nearby Low Level call loss
Occurrence reasons:
Poor coverage caused by complex terrain in
lower
floor of dense buildings.
Solutions:
 To increase the effective radiate power;
 To aim main lamella at the main user group
by adjusting azimuth and down tilt of the
antenna.
 To adjust parameters related to call loss.
44
 Poor Quality call loss (high level)

Occurrence reasons:
 Interference in Upward or Downward
 high transmission bit error rate
Interference source:
 Repeater in different frequency bands.
 Interference caused by other equipment such as
radar etc..
 Wrong Frequency Plan
 Interference caused by equipment fault.
45
 Poor Quality call loss (high level)

Solutions:
 Eliminate interference outside network;

 Optimize frequency plan;
 adjust azimuth and down tilt of the antenna,
Reduce across-cell coverage.
 Solve the problem of transmission bit error.
46
 Lookup Call Loss Index
1 To find the high call loss rate cell;

2 To check traffic and times of call loss in high call
loss rate cell;
3 To check call loss performance in “call loss
performance measurement” task;
4 To check “the distribution of interference
band”;
5 Classified situation of call loss in cell according
to
3 typical characteristics of call loss.
47
loss
 Main Reasons of call loss
 Interference (inside network, outside network 、
equipment itself ）
 Poor coverage(blind area, isolated island)
 Unreasonable Handover （ handover
parameters 、 adjacent cell plan ）
 Unbalance between uplink and downlink （ tower
amplifier 、 power amplifier 、 antenna
direction ）
 Unreasonable parameter configuration （ radio
link failure counter ， number of SACCH multi-frame ）
 Equipment problem （ TRX board, power
amplifier , tower amplifier ） .
48
loss
1. Interference (inside network and outside

network)-1
Checking items of Traffic statistics:
 To analyze the law of interference band

appearance in traffic statistics: change with time
and traffic.
 To turn off TRX in turn to observe the change of
interference band in traffic statistics.
49
loss

network)-2
Checking Items of Traffic statistics:
 The percentage of handover caused by poor

quality in all handover. receiving quality
performance measurement: statistics of average
receiving quality level for TRX for reference.
 Call loss performance measurement: Recording
the average level and quality on call loss for
reference.
50

network)-3
Solutions:
 Carry out drive test, check interference section
and signal quality distribution
 Lookup by spectrum analyzer.
 Reduce interference by frequency hopping, TX
and power controlling.
 Solve equipment problems for example: self
activation of TRX board and antenna
intermediation).
51
2. Coverage （ blind area, isolated island 〕
Checking Items of Traffic Statistics

 Average strength of Upward and Downward
signal is too low in power controlling
performance measurement.
 Percentage of times of receiving level is too
bigness in receiving level performance
measurement;
 when handover is originated, the grade of level
and average receiving level are too low in cell
performance measurement/ cell handover
performance measurement
 Too low level and abnormal TA value in call loss
performance measurement.
 Locate too low average level cell by defining 52
adjacent cell performance measurement ;
2. Coverage ( blind area, isolated island )
Judgment Methods:
 Defining adjacent cell performance measurement:
definition of adjacent cell with too high average
receiving level(over coverage)
 Power control performance measurement, ether
average distance between MS and BTS is not agree
with design idea;
 Power control performance measurement,
maximum distance between MS and BTS ,abnormal
in serial multi-period of time;
 Out-of-cell handover performance measurement,
Low successful handover rate to certain adjacent53
cell.
loss
2. Coverage ( blind area, isolated island )
Solutions:
 Carry out drive test in area which is estimated poor
coverage;
 Adjust network parameters base on result of drive
test: base station transmit power, down tilt and
height of antenna, lowest access level of
MS,adjacent cell relations ,lowest access threshold
for handover candidate cell;
 More base stations
54
3. Unreasonable Handover( plan of adjacent cells, and

handover parameters)
Judgment Methods:
 checkup handover parameters, find Irrational parameter
configuration;
 Inter-Cell handover performance measurement: Too many times
of handover failure and re-setup failure;
 Inter-Cell handover performance measurement: Too many times
of handover and successful re-setup;
 Undefined adjacent cell performance measurement: undefined
adjacent cell level and exceeding number of measurement
reports;
 Out-of-cell handover performance measurement: low successful
out-of-cell rate( aim at a certain cell) ,find which adjacent cell
lead to low handover rate, then find the reason from object cell
ulteriorly;
 Low in-cell successful handover rate, handover parameters
configuration of object cell is irrational; 55
loss
3. Unreasonable Handover( plan of adjacent cell, and
handover parameters)
Solutions:
 new-add adjacent cell in reason;
 Adjust handover parameters.
56
4. Unbalance between Upward and Downward

(tower amplifier, power amplifier and antenna
direction)
Judgment Methods:
 Analyze “Upward and Downward balance
performance measurement”, confirm on
whether unbalance between Upward and
Downward
 Lookup “call loss performance measurement”,
analyze Upward and Downward level and
up/Downward quality when call loss;
 Lookup “power control performance
measurement", Analyze up/Downward average
receiving level .
57
Traffic Statistics Analysis-call loss
5. Unreasonable parameter configuration (Radio link
failure counter, number of SACCH multi-frame
Locate problems:
Check Relevant Parameter Configuration:
System information data table: radio link failure
counter;
Cell attribute table: number of SACCH multi-frame
and
radio link connection timer.
Solution:
Modify above unreasonable parameter configuration.
58
Traffic Statistics Analysis-call loss
6. Equipment Problems(TRX board,power amplifier
and tower amplifier)
Judgment Methods:
 TCH Performance Measurement: abnormal times of A interface
failure during
TCH seizure
 TCH Performance Measurement : abnormal TCH availability rate
 TCH Performance Measurement : much times of call loss by
ground link
interruption
 Upward and Downward Balanced measurement: traffic of each
TRX in a cell are obvious different
 BSC Performance Measurement: assignment failure(equipment
fault)
Solutions:
Observe transmission and board alarms(TC board fault, A interface
PCM out-of-sync alarm, LAPD link interruption 、 power amplifier
59
board 、 HPA 、 TRX board alarm, CUI/FPU alarm), and then
Traffic Statistics Analysis-SDCCH call
loss
 SDCCH call loss rate
 analysis of SDCCH call loss rate :refer to

analysis of TCH call loss rate.
60
Traffic statisticss Analysis-Handover
 Handover Analysis
Diagram of Handover Analysis Idea
Low Successful Handover Rate
TCH Cell Handover Performance

Alarm （ Clock ）、 Hardware
Performance Measurement
Fault
Statistics
in-cell Failure in BSC Cause of Failure in BSC Out-of-Cell Failure Intra-

BSC
1 Illegal Channels
in-cell Handover Out-of-Cell Handove
2 Illegal Frequency points Performance Measuring
Performance Measurement
3 Illegal TA
Causes of in-cell Handover Failure
4 Timer Timeout
1 No Available Channel 5 The
Rest
2 The Rest
61
Traffic statistics Analysis-Handover
 Classifications Of Low Successful Handover Rate
Main Analysis Notions ：

1 、 Cells existing handover Problems ： All Cells 、
Single Cell
2 、 Directions of Cell Handover Problems : Out-of-
Cell
Handover Failures And in-cell Handover Failures
3 、 Objects of Handover Failure : Between Service
Cell and
single cell or multi-cells.
62
Traffic Statistics Analysis-Handover
 Lookup Handover Indices
1 、 Lookup Low Successful Handover rate Cell

2 、 Lookup Cells With More times of Handover
Failure
3 、 Analyze the times of out-of-Cell Handover
Failure
and times of In-cell Handover Failure, and
confirm
which kind of handover failure is main factor.
4 、 Resist In/out-cell Handover Performance
5 、 Observe Handover Failure Features : Aim at all
adjacent cells or single cell 、 Low Successful
Handover
63
rate is triggered by all conditions or partial
Traffic Statistics Analysis-Handover
 Potential Cause Influencing Successful Handover rate
 Unreasonable Handover Index

 Equipment Problem （ Single TRX Board fault ect. ）
 congestion
 Interference
 Coverage
 Upward and Downward Unbalanced
 Clock Problem （ Base Station Changes to Inner
Clock 、 Upper
clock not steady or shift a lot )
64
Traffic Statisticss Analysis-Handover
1. Unreasonable Handover （ Adjacent Cells

Plan 、 Handover Indices ）
Localization And Solution ：
 Check Handover Threshold of TA,BQ and so on, whether
the set of Handover Function Switching is reasonable.
 No proper rate between Times of Handover and times
of successful TCH seizure during call. If
Handover/Call>3,maybe ping-pong handover happen,
we should check and adjust handover indices
configuration setting layer and class, the hysteretic of handover
between layers, the hysterics of handover between cells ,PBGT
Threshold and so on.)
 Inter-Cell Handover Performance Measurement :
Excessive low average level when Handover originate,
possibly because of excessive low edge handover
threshold.
65
2. Equipment Problems
Analysis Objects ：
 Cells With Low In-Cell Successful Handover rate
 Cells Near Those Cells with Low Out-of-Cell
Locate Problem ：
 Channels are Activated in Destination Cell But
NACK,TIMEOUT.
 TCH Available rate is Abnormal.
 Too many times of Ground Link interruption during
call.
 If call loss rate and congestion rate keep high level,
it is possible that Partial Equipments are Fault 66in
this cell.
2. Equipment Problems
Locate Problem ：
 observe Transmission and Single Board Alarm
and Check whether clock has alarm.
 Because the situation that Base Station

Handover Access is limited by Access Level and
Quality, pay attention to Setting of relevant
Indices (RACH Access Threshold and Random
Access Error Threshold).
67
Traffic statisticss Analysis-Handover
3. Congestion
Analysis Object ：
 Cells With Low In-Cell Successful Handover rate
 Cells near to Cell with Low Out-of- Cell Successful Handover
rate
Locate Problem ：
 Eliminate above problems of unreasonable indices setting and
equipment fault, if:
 In-Cell Handover Performance Measurement: too many times
of In-Cell Handover Failure(caused by congestion).
 Inter-Cell Handover Performance Measuring ： Inability to
applying for channels in destination cell indicating the
destination cell’s congestion.
 If any phenomena occurred like above,we should confirm the
congestion existence from maximum amount of busy TCH and
all busy hour in TCH Performance Measurement ,and solve
with the following means
68
Traffic statistics Analysis-
Handover
3.Congestion
Solution ：
 Adjust Cell Coverage(Adjust BTS Transmitting
Power ,Adjust Lowest Access Level of MS,Adjust
RACH Access Threshold, Adjust Random Access
Error Threshold and Adjust Antenna Down tilt)
 Adjust Cell Key Indices(Adjust CRO,Turn on Load
Handover, Adjust Cell Priority level, Adjust Cell
Handover Indices)
 Expand Or Adjust TRX Configuration in Busy and
Idle Cells
69
4.the Rest
Eliminate problems of parameters

configuration 、
equipments fault and congestion, we can
analyze and
solve problems of adjacent cells about indices
configuration,interference,coverage and
Upward and
Downward balance, refer to analysis of TCH call
loss
Rate.
70
Traffic statistics Analysis -TCH congestion
 TCH Congestion Analysis
Possible Reasons of congestion
 Inadequate System Capacity

 Excessive Strong Interference
 Coverage
 Reason of Antenna and Feeder
 Unreasonable Indices Setting(System Message)
71
Traffic statistics Analysis-TCH congestion
1. Inadequate System Capacity Or Not equational Traffic

Judgement Methods ：
 Excessive Large Traffic Per Channel(Traffic per
Channel >0.6);
 Too Many times of seizure Meets All Bust, All Busy
last longtime;
 Not Educational Traffic （ Not Educational Traffic
between three Cells in one Station or between
several Stations ）
 In In-Cell Handover Performance Measurement,
too many Times of In-Cell Handover
failure(Caused By congestion)
72
1. Inadequate System Capacity Or Not equation Traffic
Solutions ：
 Expansion or Adjust TRX Configuration of
Busy/Idle Cells
 Adjust Cell Coverage (Adjust BTS Transmitting
Power, Adjust Antenna azimuth ,down tilt, Height
and so on)
 Adjust Cell Key Indices (Adjust CRO, Adjust MS
Lowest Access Level and turn on Load Handover)
 Adjust Cell Priority Level and Cell Handover
Parameters
73
2. Interference （ Inside Network and Outside

Network ）
 interference increases to certain level,Carrier-To-Interference
rate can not meet system request any more, results in
sharp increasing of Bits Error Rate and assignment
command and assignment process are interfered, this is
important cause of Seizure Failures.
 Down Link Interference in idle state forces DSC Counter
of MS decreases to Zero and MS reselects a lower level
cell, this is Another possible cause of Seizure Failure.
 Times of TCH Seizure Failure (Including Handover)-
Times of TCH Seizure meets All Busy, this isn’t
Assignment Failure caused by no sub-channel to be
allocated, maybe there is interference in network if too
much.
Judgment and Solution ：
 See Judgment Methods and Solution Project in 74
interference subject in “TCH Call Loss Rate” .
3. Reason of Antenna and Feeder
Judgement Methods ：
 Cell Frequency points Scan: Measurement results

for Host/Diversity RX_Antenna on the same
frequency
 Up/Downward Balance Measurement: number of
measurement reports
Solution ：
 Check Antenna azimuth, down tilt and connection.
75
4.Unreasonable Indices Setting
Judgment Methods ：
 Check Data Configuration of MS lowest Access

Level and relevant reselected indices.
Solution ：
 Adjust unreasonable Indices Configuration
76
5. Coverage （ Blind Area,Isolated Island ）
Judgment and Solution ：
 See Judgment Methods and Solution Project of

Coverage Subject in “TCH call loss rate”.
77
Traffic statistics Analysis-SDCCH congestion
 SDCCH Congestion
Several Main Factors Originating High SDCCH

congestion rate ：
 Unreasonable Indices Setting （ System

Message ）
 Inadequate System Capacity
 Unreasonable Location Area Plan
 Interference
78
Traffic statistics Analysis-SDCCH congestion
1. Unreasonable Indices Setting
Judgment Methods ：
Random Access Performance Measurement ：
Times of Successful Immediate assignment / Times of
Immediate Assignment ＞ 85%
Above formula shows the rate between est_ind up-

reported
from MS and Immediate Assignment Command down-
sended from
BTS, the value should generally reach above 85%. If
the rate
79
is abnormal,it indicates unreasonable setting of
Traffic statistics Analysis -SDCCH congestion
1. Unreasonable Indices Setting
Solutions:
 Adjust Parameters (random access error
threshold,RACH access threshold, Maximum re-
sending times, number of Expanding
transmission TS.
 location Update parameter Setting (Double
Frequency bands Network 1800 Parameter
setting, CRO, Cell Reselection hysterics
Parameter, Time Of location Update cycle etc.)
 In double frequency band network ,maybe too
many times of handover between MSCs lead to
too many times of location update, So adjust
1800 Handover Parameters Configuration in
Double Frequency Band Network,CRO etc. 80
Traffic statistics Analysis --SDCCH congestion
2.Inadequate System Capacity
Capacity problem In Special Situation:
Boundary of location area,beside of the

railway, there
are plenty of instantaneous location update
We should increase the number of SDCCH

configuration, adopt function of dynamic
SDCCH
allocation or new-add TRXs.
81
3. Unreasonable Location Area Plan
Unreasonable Location Area Boundary :

For example, the boundary is street ,people
walk in
the street and the effect of multi-paths
propagation will lead to location update
continually .
82
4. Interference
RACH threshold lean to low ,and at the same

time there
is interference in network, so system wrongly
takes
for that there are plenty of SDCCH seizure
requests
83
DIRECTORY
• Brief Introduction of BSC Traffic Statistics
• Analysis of in common use Traffic statistics

Items
• Locate problems With Traffic statistics
☞Cases of analysis of Traffic statistics
84
Case Analysis-
1
phenomenon Description
• One place, UNICOM network, Successful Handover rate was
always keeping low due to heavy traffic congestion(about
70%) ,see traffic statistics data in busy hour on Nov,24 for
detailed information.
Adjacent cell
• so we expanded the base station of “electric power
company”in city at wee hours of Dec,3, the S2/2/2 type of
station was expanded to S3/3/3.
• After expansion, in right day , Successful Handover rate in
busy hour did not increase, while some time it was even lower
than before,with detailed information on traffic statistics data in Service cell
busy hour on Dec,3; At the same time , call loss complains
from subscribers also increased.
85
Case Analysis-1
Diagram of Base Stations Distribution
86
Case Analysis-1
Traffic statistics in Nov,24
87
Case Analysis-1
Traffic Statistics in Dec,3
88
Case Analysis-1
Analysis and Solution
• Analyzing the changes of the traffic statistics data before and after expansion,we find
that the failure of the handover was led by no available channel before expansion,the
successful radio handover rate was normal ;but , the successful radio handover rate
in most cells decrease in big range after expansion,therefore ,we can conclude that
the reason of the low successful handover rate after expansion has already changed.
• Integrating the base stations distribution map to analyze, we find the cell which the
successful radio handover rate decreases have handover relationship with the
“electric power company” base station ,the scope of fault is reduced to appointed
base station.
• Check the base station ‘s hardware of the” Electric power company” on the
maintenance console ,we found the TMU board is abnormal,the clock was unlock, it
was the reason that the call loss rate increased. At last ,we affirm the reason is the
wrong switch setting of the board.
• The second day After dealing ,the successful handover rate was more than 90%
which showed by the traffic statistics data in busy hours, it gets right again, detail
refer to traffic statistics data in Dec,7.
89
Case Analysis-1
Traffic Statistics in Dec,7
90
Case Analysis-1
Summary and Advice
• From this case we can see that the

difference of successful radio
handover rate and successful cell
handover rate can help us locate
network problem.
• Sometimes , other network

phenomena I.e. call loss etc. will
appear with the handover problems, It
is an important clue for us to check
the reason of the problem. BTS
BSC
91
Case Analysis-
2
Phenomena Description
• Observing the traffic statistics ,we found the call loss rate was high in some cell
,the call loss rate in busy hours was more than 2%.
• Analyzing “the call loss performance measurement”, we found the average

uplink level of TCH was 1(that is 109dBm) when the call loss happened in this
cell ,and the average downlink level was 26(that is 84dBm),the uplink and
downlink were not balance seriously.it belonged to the typical call loss that
caused by poor uplink signal.
• Analyzing “the up/downlink performance measurement", we found one of TRXs is

normal ,for the other TRX the times augment in turn from the grade one to the
grade eleven: the times of grade one is 0 ,the times of grade eleven is
5833,which showed that the downlink of this TRX was better than uplink
obviously.
92
Case Analysis-
2
• Because there is only one abnormal TRX board,

wipe off the reason of the antenna and feeder, the
range of fault reduced to the uplink channel of
faulted TRX board.
• Replacing the TRX 、 diversity receive soft

jumper and CDU in turn, the problem is solved ,
we knew that there was fault in the diversity
receiver port of CDU at last.
93
Case Analysis-3
• In some bureau after the 1800M network is cutover,the subscribers reflect

that the callers were often out of the service when the mobile phones were
locked in 1800M network, we also found that the problem was existing
assuredly after plenty of dial test, but it was normal if the mobile phones were
the caller in the 1800M network.
• We could not find the law of the problem through the dial test , this kind of
phenomenon were appeared in cells of 1800M in the city.
• Caller and the callee were normal in 900 network.
94
Case Analysis-3
• Observing the BSC traffic statistics data, the number of paging messages
which A interface received from the MSC was more than the summation from
the BCS to every location area, so we guessed that the paging messages wer
lost in BSC.
• Track Abis interface signaling of 900M and 1800M base stations in the same
location area at one time, it was assured that there are plenty of paging
messages lost in Abis interface of 1800M base station.
95
Case Analysis-
3
We think that the LAC of all cells in module 1 were just redistributed, and only
reloading the data to BM1,maybe ,the paging message is from MSC to
BM2,and then from AM to BM1,because “the list of cell module information”
did not update ,so AM could not send the paging message normally, it leaded
to the message between the module to losing. reloading all modules ,the
problem was solved.
96
Case Analysis-
4
• In some local network , Successful Radio Access rate leaned to low, after
checking the traffic statistics data, we found that the channels of SDCCH
were congested seriously.
• Analyzing the traffic statistics in detail,we found the times of SDCCH

seizure in busy hour are from 300 to 400 in congested cells ,as S1/1/1base
station, every cell had 8channels of SDCCH/8,in common principle ,they
could deal with the300 to 400 SDCCH seizure, but it is strange that the
times of SDCCH congestion was several tens in busy hour every cell.
97
Case Analysis-4
• Resisting the relevant traffic statistics, we find that SDCCH seizures were mostly
caused by location update. Integrating the location of the base station,we found
that most of congested base stations were on the boundary of two locations on
the railway, so we thought the SDCCH congestion maybe was caused by plenty
of locations update.
• In order to validate the above guess, specially registry the five minutes traffic
statistics, we found that most of location update centralized in some five
minutes.
• we looked at the timetable of the train later, there were 4 or 5 trains passing in
this period,so the reason of congestion was clear: when the train passed, plenty
of sudden location updates were taken place in short time, which leaded to the
SDCCH congestion.
98
99

Analysis of Traffic Statistics Data

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Analysis of Traffic Statistics Data

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Analysis of Traffic

Department of Radio Network Planning

• Locate Problems With

• Advanced Design of Global Pro-buried Counter

Once host being started,Global

TCH Congestion Rate

TCH congestion rate (not including handover)

TCH congestion rate (including handover) =

TCH call loss rate

Reason of TCH call loss

SDCCH call loss rate

Times of SDCCH call loss = times of radio link

SDCCH Congestion Rate

SDCCH Congestion rate (%) = times of

TCH 、 SDCCH Radio Frequency Loss

TCH/SDCCH Radio frequency loss rate (%) = (times

Successful Handover Rate

inter-cell Successful Handover rate (%) = times of

inter-cell handover wireless success rate(%)=times of

worst cell(china mobile co.ltd)

Get number of cells basing on Average Traffic per TCH channel

Radio Call Success Rate

radio call success rate(%) ＝（ 1 － TCH

•Cell frequency point scanning •Rate control performance measurement

Analysis Process of in Common Use Traffic Statistics Item

When we try to know quality of network, we can

Analysis Process of in Common Use Traffic Statistics Item

To check those cells with single index overloaded

Next process is decided by result integrated two

Radio Call Success Rate

Radio call success rate ＝（ 1 － TCH

Key index of radio service performance

Traffic call loss rate

Traffic call loss rate ＝（ System

another reflection method of call loss

Worst cell rate

Worst Cell rate ＝ Number of Worst

Paging success rate

Relate to “Parameters of attach or detach

Relate to paging re-sending Mechanisms realized

Successful Immediate Assignment rate

Once BTS receive RA message from MS, BTS

While all available channels are

TCH congestion rate （ seizure meets all

Key index to measure Cell Traffic.

Once number of users is overload in a cell capacity,

TCH Interference Band Measurement

The result of TCH Interference band

In urban and suburb, because of different

Call Loss and Reasons

Four buildup parts of call loss in Traffic

TCH Occupational Wireless link Failure

Call Loss Statistics points

TCH Call Loss rate =Times of TCH Call

To assess the situation of call loss of the

Seizure Failure (congestion) and Reasons

Seizure Failure and Causes

Seizure Failure (congestion ） statistics

TCH congestion rate (not including handover) =

SDCCH congestion rate

SDCCH congestion rate (%) = times seizure

SDCCH congestion rate statistics Point

Times of SDCCH seizure meets all busy :