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BY
SURYA KIRAN SR
8TH SEM,B SECTION
 Introduction
 Gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine technology has
received considerable attention as a way to significantly
improve fuel efficiency and performance like diesel
engine.
 Gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine technology has
been considered to be of great potential for future
automobile engine, due to the advantage of GDI engine͛s
higher thermal efficiency.
 The spray characteristic has a significant influence on the
combustion efficiency of a GDI engine. Therefore, the
research on the spray characteristic can provide an
important support for set up a GDI engine.
 Transition of Fuel Supply System

 In 


the fuel from the fuel chamber is sucked in by

the pressure variation caused due to the incoming air. The
fuel then mixes with the air and reaches the cylinder through
the inlet manifold. The stoichiometric ratio(14.7:1) has to be
maintained under the varying engine loads and condition. But
carburetor is the least efficient and it uses mechanical
components to control the Gasoline flow to the engine
 In ë
system, each cylinder has one injector. Each
of these Injectors are controlled by one central car
computer which keeps telling each Injector about
how much petrol and at what time it needs to inject
near the cylinder so that only the required amount of
petrol goes into the cylinder.
 Introduction to gasoline direct injection

 Gasoline direct injection or GDI is a variant of fuel

injection employed in modern four stroke @ engines.
 The injector also features several spray modes so that the
fuel is better distributed and a powerful air-fuel mixture
is created.
 These engines has fuel injectors which injects fuel with
high pressure, directly in the combustion chambers, in
order to improve the process of atomization of fuel
 There is an intelligent system called ˜
 
 
 which regulates fuel injection function and
ignition timing.
 Engine management system
 In order to provide the correct amount of fuel for
every operating condition, EMS has to monitor a
huge number of input sensors.
 OPERATION

 The high pressure fuel is delivered to the fuel rail or common

rail by the high-pressure pump . Hydraulic connections join
the fuel rail to the high-pressure fuel injectors. Sophisticated
high-pressure injectors capable of producing very fine, well-
defined fuel sprays.
 The combustion of the fuel takes place in a toroidal cavity on
the piston͛s surface designed to improve air swirl . This allows
successful ignition, even when the air/fuel mixture is very
lean.
 Major characteristics of the GDI engine

 The GDI engine provides both lower fuel

consumption and higher output. This is achieved
with the use of two combustion modes.

 á  


   

 á  

 Ultra lean burn mode is used for light-load running
conditions. The fuel is not injected at the intake
stroke but rather at the latter stages of the
compression stroke, so that the small amount of air-
fuel mixture is optimally placed near the spark plug
and ignition occurs at an ultra-lean air-fuel ratio.
   
 ]hen engine is operating with higher loads or at
higher speeds, fuel injection takes place during the
intake stroke. This optimizes combustion by ensuring
a homogeneous, air-fuel mixture. ͚homogeneous
charge͛ refers to thorough mixing of the air/fuel
mixture throughout the combustion chamber.
THE GDI ENGINES FOUNDATION TECHNOLOGIES
 
 The upright straight intake ports efficiently direct the
airflow down at the curved-top piston, which
redirects the airflow into a strong reverse tumble for
optimal fuel injection.
 
 Newly developed high-pressure swirl injectors provide the
ideal spray pattern to match each engine operational modes.
And at the same time they enable sufficient fuel
atomization

 !
"#  "


$ 
 The curved-top piston controls the shape of the air-fuel
mixture as well as the airflow inside the combustion
chamber, and has an important role in maintaining a
compact air fuel mixture. The mixture, which is injected late
in the compression stroke, is carried toward the spark plug
before it can disperse
 ACHIEVEMENTS OF GDI

  %& 
""


 The upright straight intake ports enable smoother air intake.

And the vaporization of fuel, which occurs in the cylinder at a
late stage of the compression stroke, cools the air for better
volumetric efficiency.
 

 

 

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 Previous efforts to burn a lean air-fuel mixture have
resulted in difficulty to control NOx emission.
However, in the case of GDI engine, 97% NOx
reduction is achieved by the stable combustion
unique to the GDI as well as a use of a newly
developed lean-NOx catalyst
 Advantages of GDI over MPFI engines

 Extremely precise control of fuel supply to achieve

fuel efficiency that exceeds that of diesel engines by
enabling combustion of an ultra-lean mixture supply.
 Very efficient intake and relatively high compression
ratio unique to the GDI engine deliver high
performance
 Higher compression
 More precise air-fuel ratio control
 Reduced CO2 emissions
THANK YOU