Jiwa dan Adat Budaya Orang Jepun

( 日本人の心と文化 )

1
 　　 Empat Musim
　 ( 春夏秋冬 ) 　　
　　　

2
Masyarakat Malaysia dikatakan adalah masy
arakat majmuk? Kenapa?
Jepun masyarakatnya dikatakan adalah mas
yarakat “rice bowl”? Kenapa?
Apakah nilai-nilai tradisi di Malaysia?
Apakah nilai-nilai tradisi di Jepun?

3
 Kata Kunci:

* Berteras Keluarga Harmoni Kumpulan

*Berdaya saing Keperihatinan Kumpulan
* 和（ Wa) 魂 (Kon) 洋 (Yo) 　才 (Sai)
(Gabungan Semangat Jepun dengan Kebijaksanaan Barat)
* Kuasa magik dari Pendididkan
*Pendidikan di Jepun sebagai cermin kepada negara
kita.

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Harmoni Kumpulan Jepun
lawan
Individualisme Barat

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Beberapa Persoalan Asas yang perlu dij
awab
Apakah maksud Individualisme di Amerika/
Eropah?
Apakah jiwa adat budaya Jepun?
Apakah kestabilan dan perubahan-perubaha
n dalam masyarakat Jepun? 　
Apakah sebab-sebab dan kesan-kesan dari
pemodenan dan keajaiban ekonomi Jepun?
Apakah identiti-identiti kebangsaan Jepun?
Apakah identiti-identiti kebangsaan Malaysi
a?
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 Komitment dan Individualisme di Barat
Sikap Jiwa Biasa Bangsa Barat 　
Mementingkan Individualisme 　（功利的個人主義）
Contoh: Impian Amerika ( Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎ　Ｄｒｅａｍ )
Mengambil peluang untuk berjayas
Etika Protestant dan Semangat Kapitalisme (Max Weber)
　 Protestant menyumbang kepada berkembangnya kapitalism
e di dalam masyarakat Barat moden Kemungklinan, Mobiliti, K
epelbagaian
Perluahan Individualisme ( 表現的個人主義 )
Contoh: Kebebasan untuk BErucap (Keupayaan Berkomunikasi)
Berdebat dengan bukti-bukti sahih dalam masyarakat yang ter
buka dan pluralistik
Ｒｅｐｕｂｌｉ kan （Ｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｉｓｍ e Bekerjasama ） （共和的個人主義）
Kejayaan diterima dan diharapkan di dalam rangkakerja sumba
ngan kepada rakyat, komuniti dan masyarakat.
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 Kekuatan dan Harmoni Kumpulan
Sikap Jiwa Bangsa Jepun 　
1 集団の和と家族主義の労働倫理 　（ Konsistensi)
Etika Kerja berteras Keluarga dan Harmoni Kumpulan
2 和魂洋才 Wa Kon You Sai 　 （ Konsistensi)
3 本音と建前
Rasmi (perkataan) dan Perasaan Sebenar
4 もののあわれ・無常観　　（ Konsistensi)
Pandangan tentang kehidupan yang sementara dan koso
ng
5 仏教と神道の共存　（ Konsistensi) 　
 Kewujudan bersama Buddhisme dan Shintoisme
６　武士道　 Kepahlawanan Jepun (Bushido) （ Konsistensi)
７ 平和主義 Pasifisme Jepun （ Perubahan ）
８　男女関係 Hubungan Lelaki dan Wanita （ Perubahan ）
９　教授法　 Kaedah Pengajaran (Perubahan)
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 武士道 Kepahlawanan Jepun (Bushido)
Tujuh Moral Adab
武士道の淵源は仏教（禅）の心と神道（忠君、祖先崇拝、親孝行）の
調和で , 惻隠の情 (Consideration for enemies and the weak)
を重視する。

Ｒｅｃｔｉｔｕｄｅ 義　　 Menghormati 　尊敬

　　
Ｃｏｕｒａｇｅ　　勇　　　Ｂｅｎｅｖｏｌ e ｎｃｅ　仁
Penghormatan 名誉　　 Jujur 　　誠
Setia 　　　忠
Kod adab tradisional masih lagi dianggap hidup hal
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am masyarakat Jepun dan dunia perniagaan sebaga
武士道の淵源は仏教（禅）の心と神道（忠君、祖先崇拝、親孝行）の調和
Sumber Bushidou dipengaruhi oleh Zen dan Shintoisme.

Bushido menyediakan perasaan ketenangan ke

percayaan kepada takdir,Bushido furnished a s
ense of calm trust in Fate, a quiet submission t
o the inevitable that stoic composure in sight o
f danger or calamity, that disdain of life and fri
endliness with death.
Zen represents human effort to reach through
meditation zones of thought beyond the range
of verbal expressions…
To be convinced of a principle that underlies all
phenomena, and if it can, of the Absolute itsel
f, and thus to put oneself in harmony with the A
bsolute. Inazou Nitobe (1899) from Bushido
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 The three important factors of national Identities
　 British Students of Leeds University, Yorkshire, UK (46) 英国の大学生
1. English language (52.2%) (n=24) 　　　　 　 　英語
2. Cultural heritage (39.1%) (n=18) 　　　　　 　文化遺産
3. History (37.0%) (n=17) 歴史
4. Liberal democracy (32.6%) (n=15) 　　　　 　 自由な民主主義
5. Ethnic diversity (28.3%) (n=13) 　　　　　　　　　　多文化主義
　 German Students of Bochum University, Germany (46) ドイツの大学生
1. History (61.2%) (n=30) 　　　　　　　 歴史
2. Liberal democracy (51.0%) (n=25) 　　　 　　　 自由な民主主義
3. Human rights (44.9%) (n=22) 　　　　　　 　人権
4. German language (40.8%) (n=20) ドイツ語
5. Cultural heritage (30.6%) (n=15)
　 American Students of University of Hawaii (30) 　　アメリカの大学生
　　 1 American English (80.0%)(n=16) 　　　　英語　
　　 2 Cultural Heritage (55.0%)(n=11) 　　　　　　　　　　文化遺産
　 3 History (30.0%)(n=6) 　　　　　　歴史
　 4 Citizenship (30.0%)(n=6) 　　　　　　　市民権
Japanese Students of Konan University in Kobe, Japan (216) 日本の大学生
1. Japanese Language (66.2%)(n=143 　 日本語
2. Human Rights (43.5%)(n=94) 　　　　 人権
3.National Pride 　　　　　 (31%)(n=31) 国民的誇り
4. Cultural Heritage 　 (37.0%)(n=80) 　　　　　 　　文化遺産
5. History (27%)(n=27) 　　　　　　　 　歴史
　 Thai graduate students of Srinakharinwirot Univ. in Bangkok, Thailand (40) 　タイの大学院生
1. Thai Language (70%)(n=27) 　　　　タイ語
2. Cultural Heritage (70%)(n=27) 　　　　　　　　　文化遺産
3. King (62.5%)(n=25) 　　　　　　　　王様　
4. History (22.5%)(n=9) 　　　　　　　　　歴史 11
 Factors of national pride among students in five nations
British students of University of Leeds, UK
　　　　　 multiculturalism 　　　　 (76.09%) (n=35) 　 多文化主義
　　　　　 liberal democracy 　　　　 (47.83%) (n=22) 　 自由な民主主義
　　　　　 English pound 　　 　 (32.61%) (n=15) 　 英国通貨ポンド
　　　　　 Social Welfare 　　　　 (23.9%) (n=11) 　 社会保障
German students of Bochum University, Germany
　　　　　　 Social Welfare 　　　 (67.47%) (n=33) 　社会福祉
　　　　　　 Liberal Democracy 　　　 (61.22%) (n=30) 　 自由な民主主義
　　　　　　 Multiculturalism 　　　 (55.1%) (n=27) 　　多文化主義
American Students of University of Hawaii, USA
　　　　　　 Multiculturalism (65.0%)(n=13) 多文化主義
　　　　　　 Political Influence (55.0%)(n=11) 国際政治の影響
　　　　　　 Liberal Democracy (40.0%)(n= 8) 　　　 自由な民主主義
Japanese Students of Konan University, Kobe Japan
　　　　　　 Science and technology (62.0%)(n=134) 　　科学技術 　　
　　　　　　Ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ Companies 　 (50.9%)(n=110) 　 日本企業
　　　　　　 Economic performance 　 (42.6%) (n=92) 　　経済力
　　　　　　 Liberal Democracy 　　　　 (37.3%)(n=80) 　　 自由な民主主義
Thai graduate students of Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok Thailand
　　　　　 King and Royal Family (87.5%)(n=35) 　　　　王様と皇室
　　　　 Religion (Buddhism) (52.5%)(n=21) 　　　　宗教（仏教）
Multiculturalism (38%)(n=17) 　　　　　多文化主義　　
Love for others (38%)(n=17) 　　　　　他人への愛 12
Survey on Japanese patriotism ?
① 　 Are you pleased that you were born in Japan?
　　　　
　　　　　　　　 Yes=94% 　　　　 NO= 3%
② 　 Do you have a sense of patriotism?
Very much 20%+ Yes 58%=(78%) 、 No=20%
　③　 What do you think of Japan’s colonization in 　
　　　 Asia during the Asia Pacific War?
We should reflect ourselves very much. 32%
We should reflect ourselves. 53% (32+53=85%)
We do not have to reflect ourselves. 11%
What impressed us most is that among those who have a
strong patriotism, 39% of them feel they should reflect
themselves seriously regarding Japanese invasion and
colonialism during the War.
　　（ Asahi Newspaper issued January 25, 2007 ）
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 Group Harmony and Group Consciousness
Japanese Habits of the Hearts
１　 The chairperson, or director try to listen to both
sides and do not give a clear-cut decision to save
both sides in the meeting.
Japan 日本（中空調和型） USA （中核指導型）

２　 Their should not be neither winner nor loser in

the meeting for the purpose of group harmony and
group competitive and productive power in the
long run.
３　 Japanese people try to keep face on all sides and
make neutral adjustment that suits everyone.

4 The Power of Reconciliation

Integrating opposing ideas from cultural strength
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 もののあはれ
Human sensitivity to the nature and people
According to Motoori Norinaga, the word
“Aware” is a combination of two
interjections, “a” and “hare”, each of
which was uttered spontaneously when
one’s heart was profoundly moved and
touched by the changes or transition of
natural beauty.
A purified and exalted feeling, close to
the innermost heart of man and nature
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 もののあはれ “ Mono no Aware”
A purified and exalted feeling, close to
the innermost heart of man and nature

人生の機微やはかなさなどに触れたときに感
じるしみじみとした情趣
無常観　 (Mujoukan ) と もののあはれ
A view of life as something transient
and empty. The idea that everything is
uncertain, transient and mortal makes
us more sensitive to the wonder of life
and beauty of nature in each moment.
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 もののあはれ
　 Are we to look at cherry blossoms only in full
bloom, the moon only when it is cloudless? To long
for the moon while looking on the rain, to lower the
blinds and be unaware of the passing of the spring -
these are even more deeply moving.

花は盛りに、
月は隈なきをのみ見る
ものかは。雨に向ひて
月を恋ひ、たれこめて
春のゆくへ知らぬも、
なほあはれに情けふか
し。 17
 もののあはれと無常観
Pathos and Mortality
花の色は移りにけりな
いたずらに
わが身世にふる
ながめせしまに　　　　　　　 小野小町

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 無常観 (Mujo): Buddhist view of life:
impermanence, transience, mutability
This profound view of all living things
originally comes from the heart of this
Buddhist term expressing the doctrine that
everything that is born must die and that
nothing remains unchanged and universal.
The phrases shogyou mujo (all the various
realms of being are transient) comes from
the Law of Buddhism.
Mujo and Mono no Ahare have been a major
theme in Japanese literature.
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 仏教（禅）における悟り Buddhism
Purification and Enlightenment
Worldly Passion and desires lead human
beings into delusion, suffering and anger.
The five ways to emancipate ourselves from
the bond of worldly passion and desires.
1. We can feel peace of mind only if our
mind can get rid of limitless worldly passion
and desires. The causes of delusion and
suffering are rooted in the mind’s desires
for what we do not have and attachments to
possessiveness and materialism.
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 Donald Keene’s Observations
of the Japanese View of Life
While European artists built palaces and statues made
of marble for the purpose of eternity and immortality,
Japanese people gave up everlasting or universal
beauty and looked for beauty in mortality, transience
and mutability.
「西洋の芸術家が不滅性を狙って大理石で宮殿や立像を
建てたが、日本人は不滅の美を断念し、消えゆくものの美
を求めた。」（ Keene: 1987)
「われわれは永遠を信じて建築物を造るが、日本人は最
初から永続しないものとして造る」 (Lafcadio Hearn) 　
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一座建立 Ichiza Konryu
In order that a gathering be pleasant and
comfortable in feeling to its conclusion,
one should behave toward the others
with wholehearted sincerity, as though
that gathering were to be the only
encounter with them in one’s entire
lifetime- even with close acquaintances
one meets daily. (Murai 1992)
Ｓｉｎｃｅｒｅ attitude towards customers and
clients in Japanese business.
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一期一会 Ichigo Ichie
The most important element in Tea
ceremony is the aesthetic of wabi born out of
the special relationship between the
practitioner and the utensils in chanoyu, and
the concept of “one meeting in a lifetime”
which was conceived as the ideal
relationship between the participants in the
tea gathering. In short, the gist of chanoyu
exists in both the form and the spirit.

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 What are the secrets of Japan’s
Modernization and economic miracle?

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Most large cities in Japan were devastated by
the carpet bombing in 1945.

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Hiroshima: August 6, 1945, am. 7:31

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Nagasaki: August 9, 1945,11:02 a.m.

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Ｈｉｒｏｓｈｉｍａ　ｒｉｇｈｔ　ａｆｔｅｒ　ｔｈｅ　Ａｔｏｍｉｃ　Ｂｏｍｂｉｎｇ
　

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Classroom under the sky in
Hiroshima in 1945

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 School Feeding Programs
and Music Festival at School after the war

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31
 和 (wa) 魂 (kon) 洋 (yo) 才
(sai)
This tradition has been influenced by the
idea of " 和魂洋才 " "Wakon Yousai"
advocated by Shozan Sakuma (1811-1864)
since the Meiji Restoration. The idea
"Wakon Yosai" means : Japanese spirit
combined with Western learning.
The idea of learning Western knowledge,
technology, institution and systems
without losing Japanese cultural identity.
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 The index of Human Development
U5MR (Under 5 Mortality Rate) 　
Japan: 3.3/1000 　
Sierra Leone: 146.9/1000
Angola: 193.8/1000
(The US Department of Commerce 2003)
　　　
　　
HDI （ Human Development Index: Span of life, Income, Education 　
　　 Span of life: Japan: ８１．９　 Sierra Leone 　３４　　
HDI ： Canada （０．９６）、 French ( ０．９４６）、 Norway （０．９４３）、
Japan （０．９４）
GDI 　（ Gender Development Index ）
　　　　 Canada, Norway and Sweden are high.
GDM 　（ How much can women participate in the process of
decision-making in politics and economy?)
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　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 UNICEF Report １９９９
 U5MR Under 5 mortality Rate/1000
Medical Standard and peaceful Life
1 Mozambique 　 N=199.0/1000 N=number of death
2 Angola 　　 　　 　　 193.8
3 Sierra Leone 146.9
4 Afghanistan 142.5
5 Liberia 132.2
6 Niger 123.6
7 Somalia 120.3
8 Mali 119.2
186 Norway 3.9
187 Finland 3.7
190 Sweden 3.4
191 Japan 3.3/1000 (40/1000 in 1960)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 The US Department of Commerce in 2003

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 Table 1: International Ranking of PISA Scores in 2003
OECD PISA (2003) Knowledge and Skills for Life 2
International Ranking of PISA Scores 　 　
Reading Mathematical Scientific Problem Solving
Ranking Literacy Literacy Literacy Skills

1 Finland Hong Kong* Finland South Korea

2 South Korea Finland Japan Hong Kong*

3 Canada South Korea Hong Kong* Finland

4 Australia The Netherlands South Korea Japan

5 Lichtenstein* Lichtenstein* Lichtenstein* New Zealand

6 New Zealand Japan Australia Macau*

: 　 　 　 　
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14 Japan 　 　 　
The Average Span of Life （ Healthy Food and Peaceful
Life ）　 The US Department of Commerce in 2003
1 Andorra 　　　　　　　　　 　 83.5
2 San Marino 　　　　　　　　 81.4
3 Japan 　　　　　　　　　　　　 80.9
4 Singapore 　 　　　　　　　 80.4
184 Rwanda 　　　　　　　　　 39.3
185 Zimbabwe 　　　　　　　　 39.0
186 Malawi 　　　　　　　　　　 38.0
187 Angola 37.0
189 Zambia 35.3
191 Mozambique 31.3
(C) 1993-2003 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
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 Apakah Rahsia Modenisasi Jepun?

1. Kuasa Pendidikan (Kadar celik ilmu yang tinggi pad

a 1868 dan 1945)
Kelancaran pendidikan tinggi di Jepun menjadi seb
ahagian pertumbuhan Keluaran Negara kasar.
2. Keharmonian berbanding Pertentangan ( 和 )
Contoh:
- Pemulihan Meiji pada 1868
- Kehadiran bersama Buddhisme dan Shintoisme -
Keharmonian Kumpulan dan Persaingan
Kumpulan untuk produktiviti berkesan di dalam
kebanyakan syarikat , sekolah dan organisasi
Jepun
37
 Apakah Rahsia Modenisasi Jepun?

3. 和 wa 魂 kon 洋 yo 才 sai (Inovasi Penyatuan K

ebudayaan)
Semangat Jepun digabung dengan pengetahuan B
arat, kepakaran dan kebijaksanaan tanpa kehilang
an identiti kebudayaan Jepun
4. Masyarakat Belajar dengan Etika Kerja Konfucius
5. Penyatuan Jepunpada 1603 dengan kadar celik il
mu yang tinggi
6. Sebagai Being on the periphery (Konsep luar pusa
t)
Kesediaan Jepun sebagai negara bangsa kepula
uan yang kecil tanpa sumber bahan mentah
7. Amalan Pacifisme (1905-1945 Zaman Gelap Jepu
n) 38
The comparison of national pride among British,
German and Japanese university students
In comparison, Japanese students are proud of
science and technology (62.0%)(n=134), Japanese
Enterprises (50.9%)(n=110), economic
performance (42.6%)(n=92), liberal democracy
(37.0%)(n=80) and security and crime rate (36.6%)
(n=79) . This shows that British and German
students are proud of their post-industrial and
multicultural society blessed with social welfare,
while Japanese students seem to be proud of the
components of an economic giant with high
technology. It takes years for economic giant in a
homogeneous island to realize the post-industrial
values and the power of diversity. 39
 1. The Power of Education
Rohlen (1995) defines Japan's success as a high
level of average achievement with a low degree of
variation over the entire population of students
accomplished at relatively low cost.
Historically the dramatic spread of secondary
education, especially the rate of advancement to
high school (ages 16-18) and university (ages 18-
22) after the World War II has been a dominating
force in Japan's transformation into an advanced
industrial state. Indicating this is: the increasing
rate of both high school attendance and the
Japan's GNP.
40
Classroom under the sky in Hiroshima in 1945 after
the war. Most schools started education.

41
 Classroom before the War
Group Harmony and Respect for Teachers
Excellent Discipline by Family and School education

42
 Teacher’s Room (Open Concept)
for Group Harmony and Solidarity

43
　 2. Harmony: 和をもって尊し聖徳太子
Harmony is the first priority in Japan.
神道は人と自然と宇宙との融和を目指し、この和の精神が日
本最初の憲法である「１７条の憲法」の核である。

44
 和と協力を尊重する稲作民族　
Budaya Membesarkan Padi untuk Ke
harmonian

45
Budaya Membesarkan Padi dan Ma
syarakat Homogenous
Budaya penanam padi memerlukan kerjasama kumpul
an dan keharmonian kumpulan di kalangan keluarga,
sanak saudara, kampung dan masyarakat setempat. I
ni membentuk budaya kebangsaan berdasarkan pena
naman padi basah sebagai orientasi homogeneous.
Orang Jepun hidup di dalam kelompok homogenous y
ang pasif dan budaya berhubungan tinggi (high conte
xt culture),yang mana membangunkan penerimaan b
udaya luar peringkat tinggi secara ekstrem.

46
 Family- oriented group harmony& competition
As Nakane (1984) states that an organizational structure based on the
vertical principle appears more pronouncedly in well-established, large
institutions with a higher degree of prestige, this vertical integration
supported by group harmony and solidarity is the source of the stability
of the organization, which seems the strength of the Japanese.

47
 和と調和を優先する家族主義
Family-oriented Dynamism for Strength and Group
Harmony & Group Competition
1 Rice-growing culture in the East Asia
Family members, relatives, neighbors work together and
they form a community
2 School education based on Family-oriented Dynamism for
strength and harmony
3 Business companies and any organization in Japan based
on family-oriented dynamism for strength and harmony
4 Group consciousness and competitive group
consciousness for an effective production process

48
 Kelebihan dan Kekurangan
Competitive Groupism. （競争的集団主義） Inter and intra-
group competition and consciousness.
* Conformism, harmony and obligation with peer pressure. 　
集団の調和、同質社会のための義務と規制
• Totalitarian agreement ignoring individual and minority
opinions
• * Vertical society 集団内部のたて・上下関係
Ex. school life, social life and company life…
　　 Extreme Formality to adjust and control group harmony
集団内部の調整装置としての象徴の体系の極端な形式主義
　High Suicide rate ( ３２１４３） ,
Classroom chaos (one-fourth), 　 Bullying ( ２２８４０ ),
School Refusal (112,193),
High School dropouts (150000)
Socially withdrawn young 　 people ( １ million), 　
（ Japanese Police Agency in 2003, Ministry of Education in
2001) 49
 3. 和魂洋才 " "Wakon Yousai"
advocated by Shozan Sakuma (1811-
1864)
The idea "Wakon Yosai" means :
An idea of learning Western knowledge,
technology, institution and system without
losing Japanese cultural identity.
As White (1987) points out that in Japan to be
modern is not, in pervasive sense, to be
Western.

50
Japan’s great changes can be seen as a process of
modernization rather than westernization.

The Japanese are now completely at home with

the styles and fads of international culture, mixing
them at will with their own traditional traits and
proving themselves a prolific source of cultural
influences on other countries both West and East.
They wisely examine what others are doing in
facing the problems of modern times (the
countries of the West could learn a lot from them
on this score), but they are not blindly imitative
and usually come up with a result superior to what
can be found abroad.
(Reischauer:1977) 51
Japanizing Chinese and Western cultures with an
extremely high level of receptivity
Japan has a unique history of always
Japanizing Chinese and Western
culture. In this context, it appears as
though the strength of Japan’s cultural
base is quite formidable.
(Chie Nakane:1997)

Ex. Confucian ideas have been modified in

Japan from their source in China.
52
Perumahan Moden Jepun yang menggab
ungkan bilik gaya tradisional Jepun dan
Ruang tamu Gaya Barat

53
Speed, Punctuality, Precision and Accuracy,
Elaboration and Delicacy
Speed, Punctuality, Precision and Accuracy,
Elaboration and Delicacy are considered
important in Japanese society.
Ex. The time table for national railways and
all kinds of private lines, the program
schedules for NHK and commercial TV and
radio.
The elaboration of Japanese bullet trains
and cars as well the delicacy of Japanese
cuisine
54
 Modern Japanese Electric Toilet
with warm seat and warm water& drier

55
A Lerner-centered Communicative Classroom
on global Human issues
(Debate class in English)

56
Student’s demonstration class
in a multi-media classroom.

57
 4. Family-oriented Group Harmony
and Group Competition
The heart for horizontal group harmony, has
established the social accountability of the Gakunen
Family (the family-based Grade Group) and the
Tannin Seido (a Homeroom System) in all Japanese
school organizations from a kindergarten level to a
university level. This might be a key to explain
success and failure of Japan's educational challenge.
The basic virtue of Confucianism is harmony,
diligence and faithfulness in any organization.
Confucius (551-479 B.C.) taught us more than 2500
years ago that a family should be harmonious, a state
should be well ordered and the world should be at
peace 58
Family- oriented group harmony and
group competition

59
 Family- oriented group harmony and group
competition (children, teachers and even parents)

60
Ａｔｈｌｅｔｉｃ　Ｍｅｅｔ　 in Japanese junior high
schools
Uniformity, Harmony, Cooperation

61
 Ａｔｈｌｅｔｉｃ　Ｍｅｅｔ　 in Japanese junior high schools
The Slogan is Self-independence, Creativity and Strong
Will

62
 5. Learning Society: In Japan learning is
historically the key to becoming a good person.
Learning is a key to success in life. Learning
and the moral advantage it symbolizes have
been widely valued as a Confucian-based
virtue. Even today, academic achievement at
school is seen to confirm a high level of virtue
in the students and his supporting family. This
is one of the products of Confucian work ethic
in Japanese school culture.

63
 6. Sikap bersederhana dan intelektu
al being on the periphery
Then, what has been the secret of Japan's
modernization after a long period of national
isolation? Japan’s modest and intellectual attitude
of being on the periphery and Japan’s willingness
to learn and borrow from others, respecting group
harmony and balance (equilibrium), have often had
an energizing effect on Japan’s modernization as
well as on her economic and technological
progress. This must be a kernel of Japan's cultural
strength and the heart of the Japanese system.
 
64
 Adakah anda bangga dengan negara anda? 2000
Country Very Yes Little 　 No
1. Egypt 81.6 % 17.4 % (99.1%) 　 0.6% 0.1%
15 USA 71.4 22.9 (94.3%) 　 3.9 　 0.4

47 France 37.5 46.9 (84.3%) 　 6.4 　 3.2

50 UK 45.1 37.6 (82.7%) 7.8 　 1.9
55 Korea 17.4 60.8 (78.3%) 18.7 　 2.9
56 China 24.7 53.3 (78.0%) 13.2 　 4.0
71 Japan 21.1 33.1 (54.2%) 34.7 　　 3.5

Kajian SIstem Nilai di Dunia 2000

( Soal selidik ini dilakukan kepada 1000 orang dewasa di seti
ap negara)

65
 7. 　 Kepantasan Modenisasi Jepun dan
Pasifisme ( 日本近代化と平和主義 )
Tempoh panjang keamanan Jepun:
Zaman Heian (794-1156) 362 tahun (Aman)
Zaman Edo (1603-1867) 264 tahun (Aman)
Meiji ke Showa (1904-1945) 41 tahun (Ketenteraan)
Pasca Perang Dunia Kedua (1945--) 58 tahun (Aman)
Parti pemerintah sedang cuba mengubah Artikel 9 ??????

Penyatuan domestik Jepun (1603) dan modenisasi berinovasi

dalam urutan mengantarabangsakan Jepun lewat kurun ke-
19 (1868) dan awal kurun ke 20 (1945), menyaingi Tamadun
Barat

66
 Pasifisme Jepun dan Artikel 9 Perlembag
aan Jepun ( 日本の平和主義 )
Artikel 9 Perlembagaan Jepun , Klaus “Tiada Perang”
“ Aspiring sincerely to an international peace based on just
ice and order, the Japanese people forever renounce war a
s a sovereign right of the nation and the threat or use of for
ce as means of settling international disputes…..
In order to accomplish the aim of the preceding paragraph,
land, sea, and air forces, as well as other war potential, wil
l never be maintained. The right of belligerency of the state
will not be recognized.”
Berdasarkan kajian oleh NHK (2003),70% rakyat merasakan A
rtikel 9 Perlembagaan Jepun berguna unutk mengekalkan kesel
amatan dan keamanan di Jepun.
30% rakyat merasakan perlu kajian semula perlembagaan.
52% berkata tidak perlu kaji semula.
67
8. Masalah dihadapi Pendidikan Ting
gi Jepun Masakini
Asas pendidikan masyarakat Jepun terhakis diseb
abkan gelombang kehendak individu dan persaing
an, pencemaran, kebedaan dan ketidak toleransian
kumpulan yang menyebabkan perkongsian wawas
an untuk Jepun.
Kepentingan Peribadi VS. Nilai-nilai Awam
Kuasa Persaingan VS. Kedaulatan Manusia

68
Ketegangan Bilik Darjah dipengaruhi oleh kecu
aian pendidikan keluarga/masyarakat setempat

69
70