Analysis of Hyperelastic

Materials

MEEN 5330
Fall 2006

Added by the professor

Introduction

Rubber-like materials ,which are characterized by a relatively low

elastic modulus and high bulk modulus are used in a wide
variety of structural applications.
These materials are commonly subjected to large strains and
deformations.
Hyperelastic materials experience large strains and deformations .
A material is said to be hyperelastic if there exists an elastic
potential W(or strain energy density function) that is a scalar
function of one of the strain or deformation tensors, whose
derivative with respect to a strain component determines the
corresponding stress component .
S ij  W /  ij
Introduction Contd..

Second Piola-Kirchoff Stress Tensor

S ij  W /  ij

Lagrangian Strain Function

 ij  1 / 2(Cij   ij )

Component of Cauchy-Green Deformation

Tensor
C ij  Fik Fkj
Introduction Contd..

Eigen values of C ij are 1 2 ,  2 2 and3 2 and exist

only if
det[C ij   p  ij ]  0
2

6 4 2
 p  I 1 p  I 2  p  I 3  0

I1 , I 2 & I 3

are the invariants of cauchy-deformation

tensor.
 MATERIAL MODELS
Why material models?
 Material models predict large-scale material deflection and
deformations.
Different material models
Basically 2 types

Incompressible
Mooney-Rivlin
Arruda-Boyce
Ogden

Compressible
Blatz-Ko
Hyperfoam
 Incompressible

 Mooney-Rivlin works with incompressible elastomers

with strain upto 200%. For example, rubber for an
automobile tyre.

 Arruda-Boyce is well suited for rubbers such as silicon

and neoprene with strain upto 300% . this model
provides good curve fitting even when test data are
limited.

 Ogden works for any incompressible material with strain

up to 700%. This model give better curve fitting when
data from multiple tests are available.
 Compressible

 Blatz-Ko works specifically for compressible polyurethane foam

rubbers.

 Hyperfoam can simulate any highly compressible material such as a

cushion, sponge or padding
Mooney-Rivlin material

In 1951,Rivlin and Sunders developed a a hyperelastic material model for

large deformations of rubber.
This material model is assumed to be incompressible and initially
isotropic.
The form of strain energy potential for a Mooney-Rivlin material is given
as : W= c10 ( I1  3)  c01 ( I 2  3)  1 / d ( J  1) 2
Where

c10 , c 01 and d are material constants.

 Determining the Mooney-Rivlin material constants:

The hyperelastic constants in the strain energy density function of a

material its mechanical response .

So, it is necessary to assess the Mooney-Rivlin constants of the

materials to obtain successful results of a hyperelastic materials.

It is always recommended to take the data from several modes of

deformation over a wide range of strain values.

For hyperelastic materials, simple deformation tests (consisting of six

deformation models ) can be used to determine the Mooney-Rivlin
hyperelastic material.
Six deformation models :
Six deformation modes contd…

Even though the superposition of tensile or compressive

hydrostatic stresses on a loaded incompressible body
results in different stresses, it does not alter
deformation of a material.

Upon the addition of hydrostatic stresses ,the following

modes of deformation are found to be identical.
1.Uniaxial tension and Equibiaxial compression,
2.Uniaxial compression and Equiaxial tension, and
3.Planar tension and Planar Compression.

It reduces to 3 independent deformation states for

which we can obtain experimental data.
3 independent deformation states:
In the next section , we will brief the relationships for each
independent testing mode.
Deformation Testing Modes
 Equibiaxial Compression
 Equibiaxial Tension
 Pure Shear Deformation
Deformation Testing Modes Contd..

 Equibiaxial Compression
1  Stretch in direction being loaded
 2  3  Stretch in directions not being loaded

Due to incompressibility,
 2 3  11
1 / 2
2  3  1
Deformation Testing Modes Contd..

For uniaxial tension, first and second

invariants
1
I 1  1  21
2

2
I 2  21  1

Stresses in 1 and 2 directions

 11   p  2W / I 112  2W / I 2 12
Deformation Testing Modes Contd..

 22   p  2W / I 111  2W / I 2 1  0

Principal true stress,

 11  2(12  11 )[W / I 1  11w / I 2 ]

Deformation Testing Modes Contd..

Equibiaxial Tension Equivalently, Uniaxial

Compression)
    Stretch in direction being loaded
1 2

  Stretch in direction not being loaded

3

Utilizing incomressibility equation,

3  12
Deformation Testing Modes Contd..

For equilibrium tension,

I 1  212  14

I 2  14  212

Stresses in 1 and 3 directions,

 11   p  2W / I 112  2W / I 2 12

 33   p  2W / I 112  2W / I 2 12   11

Deformation Testing Modes Contd..

Principal true stress for Equibiaxial

Tension,
 11  2(12  14 )[W / I 1  12 w / I 2 ]
Deformation Testing Modes Contd..

 Pure Shear Deformation

Due to incompressibility,
3  11

First and Second strain invariants

I 1  12  12  1

I 2  12  12  1
Deformation Testing Modes Contd..

Stresses in 1 and 3 directions

 11   p  2W / I 112  2W / I 2 12

 33   p  2W / I 112  2W / I 2 12  0

Principal pure shear true stress

 11  2(12  12 )[W / I 1  w / I 2 ]
Stress Error Correction
 To minimize the error in Stresses, we perform a least-square fit
analysis. Mooney-Rivlin constants can be determined from stress-strain
data.
 Least Square fit minimizes the sum of squared error between the
experimental values(if any) values and cauchy predicted stress values.

E= Relative error.
= Experimental Stress Values.
= Cauchy stress values.
= No. of Experimental Data points.
 This yields a set of simultaneous equations which are solved for
Mooney-Rivlin Materials Constants.
Problem statement

 How do we determine the principal true stresses in Equibiaxial

compression or Equibiaxial tension test? Show the figure to
illustrate the deformation modes.
References

 1.Brian Moran,Wing Kam Liu,Ted Belytschko,Hyper elastic

material,Non-Linear Finite elements for continua and
Structures,September 2001,(264-265).
 2.Ernest D.George,JR .,George A.HADUCH and Stephen
JORDAN The integration of analysis and testing for the the
simulation of the response of hyper elastic materials ,1998
Elsevier science publishers B.V(North Holland).
 William Prager,Introduction to mechanics of Continua,Dover
Publications,New York,1961,(157,185,209).
 Theory reference,Chapter 4.Structures with Material Non-
linearities,Hyper elasticity ANSYS 6.1 Documentation
.Copyright1971,1978,1982,1985,1987,1992-2002,SAS IP.
 Web reference:www.impactgensol.com
Conclusions

 In this, we have analysed Mooney-Rivlin Materials constants.

Mooney-Rivlin Material C10,C01 by using 6 deformation modes.
 We determine principle stresses using Equibiaxial
compression(Uniaxial Tension), Equibiaxial Tension(Uniaxial
Compression), Pure shear.
 Resultant values are taken as Cumulative values and the errors
in the resultant values are minimised using Least-square fit
Analysis.
 According to this analysis, we can say that materials having
high stress-strain values, mooney-rivlin model can be used to
determine the material constants for hyperelastic materials.