SCIENTIFIC

MANAGEMENT

Presented By:
 Amit Dhama
 MBA-I SEMESTER
 FMS-BHU
Contents:
1.Development of Management Thought.
2.Brief introduction of F.W.Taylor.
3.Scientific Management: How It Comes?
4.Definition: Scientific Management.
5.Principles of Scientific Management.
6.Contributions of Scientific Management.
7.Limitations of Scientific Mangement.
8.Followers of Scientific Mangement.
Development of Management
thought
• Management is as old as human civilization.
Ex: Egyptian pyramids, Great Wall of China.
• During 1400’s: Venetian business enterprises
and their management practices
• During 1776: Adam Smith described the
advantages of division of labor and
specialization.
• Beginning of 18th century: Industrial Revolution
resulted in the advent of machine power , mass
production and efficient transportation
Development of Management
thought
• Evolution of management thought can be
studied in two broad categories:
• Early management approaches (Scientific
management, administrative management
theory and human relations movement)
• Modern management approaches (behavioral,
quantitative, systems and contingency
approaches) .
FREDERICK WINSLOW TAYLOR
(1856-1915)
 Taylor was born in 1856. Taylor took night
study at Sevens Institute of Technology and in 1883
obtained a degree in Mechanical Engineering.
Taylor's career progressed in 1878 when he became
a machine shop laborer at Midvale Steel Works.
Taylor was promoted to gang-boss, foreman,
research director, and finally, chief engineer at
Midvale. From 1890 until 1893 Taylor worked as a
general manager and a consulting engineer to
management for Manufacturing Investment
Company. In 1893, Taylor opened an independent
consulting practice. In 1898, Taylor joined
Bethlehem Steel , where he and a team of assistants
developed high speed steel. In 1911 he published
“Principles of Scientific Management”. Late winter
of 1915 Taylor caught pneumonia and one day after
his fifty-ninth birthday, on March 21, he died.
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
HOW IT COMES ?

Scientific management theory arose from the need to increase the

productivity. In the United States specially, skilled labor was in short
supply at the beginning of twentieth century. The only way to expand
productivity was to raise the efficiency of the workers. So SCIENTIFIC
MANAGEMENT THEORY came into existence in 1911.
 SCIENTIFIC
MANAGEMENT
The systematic study of the
relationships between people and tasks
for the purpose of redesigning the
work process for higher efficiency.
 SCIENTIFIC
MANAGEMENT
According to Frederick W. Taylor, “Scientific
management is the substitution of exact scientific
investigations & knowledge for old individual
judgment or opinion in all the matters relating to
the work done in a shop.”
 PRINCIPLES OF SCIENTIFIC
MANAGEMENT
1 Replacement of old rules of thumb with science.

2 Scientifically selection & training of the worker.

3 Equal division of the work & the responsibility between the

labour & the manager.

4 Co-operation between labour & management.

5 Work for maximum output rather than the restricted output.

CONTRIBUTIONS & LIMITATIONS OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT THEORY
 CONTRIBUTIONS
Proper selection of workers.
Proper training of the workers.
Establishment of harmony relation & mutual

understanding between the workers & the management.

Standardization of tools, equipment, materials & work

method.
Replacement of traditional rule of thumb method by

scientific method.
 CONTRIBUTIONS Cont…
Incentive wages to the workers for higher production.
Create a result based competition among workers.
Its efficiency techniques have been applied to many

task even in non-industrial organizations, ranging

from fast food service to the training to the surgeons.
LIMITATIONS
Too much work load on workers
Unhealthy environment
Stress due to wages
Man is viewed as a ‘imperfect psychological

machine’.
Confined mostly to production management.

Ignorance of other aspects like finance, marketing,

accounting & personnel.
FOLLOWERS OF
TAYLOR
 HENRY LAURENCE GANTT
Henry was the mechanical engineer (1861-1919)
in Midvale Steel. He joined Frederick W.
Taylor in applying scientific
management principles to their work at
Midvale Steel and Bethlehem Steel &
working there with Taylor until 1893.
Henry Gantt is listed under Sevens
Institute of Technology alumni and
roommate to Frederick Winslow Taylor.
He came up with a new idea. Every worker who
finished a day’s assigned work load will win a
50% bonus. The supervisor would earn a bonus
for each worker who reach the daily standard & an
extra bonus if all workers reached it. According to
grant this would motivate supervisors to train
workers in a better way.
 THE GILEBRETHS
Frank Bunker Gilbreth (1868-1924)
& Lillian Moller Gilbreth (1878-1972)
made their contribution to the scientific
management theory as a husband-wife
team. Lillian M. Gilbreth was a
organizational psychologist. They
emphasized on the motion & time study
(Frank) & Human needs & their
limitations (Lillian). Their ultimate aim
of Scientific management was to help
workers to reach their full potential.
References
1.Management by James F. Stoner
2.Management by Harold Koontz
3.Organizational Theory by V.S.P.Rao & P.S.Narayana