ALL ABOUT TRIGONOMETRY HISTORY

PROFILE

TRIGONOMETRY
INTRODUCTION OF T

TASK
KEYS
PROFIL
ALL ABOUT TRIGONOMETRY
1.
THE SUM AND DIFFERENCE OF TWO ANG

2. TRIGONOMETRY FOR D

THEORIES

3. MULTYPLICATION FOR

KEMBALI
4. SUM AND DIFFERENCE OF SINE AND COSIN
What a Trigonometry actually is??
The word ‘trigonometry’ literally means
“measure of a triangle” which Is a branch of
mathematics that deals with the relationships
between the sides and angles of triangles and
with the properties and applications of the
trigonometric functions of angles. The two
branches of trigonometry are plane
trigonometry, which deals with figures lying
wholly in a single plane, and spherical
trigonometry, which deals with triangles that
are sections of the surface of a sphere.
• The earliest applications of trigonometry were
in the fields of navigation, surveying, and
astronomy, in which the main problem
generally was to determine an inaccessible
distance, such as the distance between the
earth and the moon, or of a distance that could
not be measured directly, such as the distance
across a large lake. Other applications of
trigonometry are found in physics, chemistry,
and almost all branches of engineering,
particularly in the study of periodic
phenomena, such as vibration studies of
sound, a bridge, or a building, or the flow of
alternating current
So, what can a Trigonometry do??
• The main purpose in trigonometry
is to solve the following problem:
• If some sides and angles of a
triangle are known, how do we find
the remaining sides and angles?
• This problem is solved by using
some ratios of sides of a right
triangle with respect to its acute
angles calledtrigonometric
ratios of angles. Such problems
occur in astronomy, engineering
surveys, navigation etc. You know,
in the case of music theory, the
application of trigonometry is
related to the work begun by
Pythagoras. The resemblance
between the shape of a vibrating
string and the graph of a sine
function is no coincidence. Hence
the study of trigonometry has
great practical utility

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Back
THE SUM AND
DIFFERNCE OF
TWO ANGLES
 THE SUM AND DIFFERENCE OF
TWO ANGELS
The formula of cosine sum of two angels :
cos (A + B) = cos A cos B – sin A sin B

The formula of cosine difference of two angels :

cos (A – B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B
• Knowed cos A = 13 dan sin B = 25 , A and B acute angel. Determine cos (A + B)
and cos (A – B).
• answer
cos A = 5 , so sin A = 12
13 13
sin B = 24, so cos B = 7
25 25
cos (A + B) = cos A × cos B – sin A × sin B
5 × 7 – 12 × 24
13 25 13 25
= 35 - 288 = - 253
325 325 325

cos (A – B) = cos A × cos B + sin A × sin B

= 5 × 7 + 12 × 24
13 25 13 25
= 35 + 288 =
325 325
= 323
325
 The formula of sinus sum of two angels
sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B

The formula of sinus difference of two angel:

sin (A – B) = sin A cos B – cos A sin B
•
Example
Knowed cos A = –4 and sin B = 5 , A and B is obsute angel
5 13
Determine sin (A + B) dan sin (A – B).
Answer
cos A = 4, so sin A = 3 (II quadrant)
–5 5
sin B = 5, so cos B =12 (II quadrant)
13 –13
sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B
= 3 × ( 12 ) +( 4 )× 5
5 – 13 – 5 13
= 36 - 20 = - 56
65 65 65

•
 sin (A – B) = sin A cos B – cos A sin B
If A and B is obsute angel,
sin (A – B) = sin A cos B – cos A sin B
= 3 . ( 12 ) - ( 4 ) . 5
5 -13 -5 -13
= - 36 + 20
65 65
= - 16
65
The formula of sum and difference of tangent
tan A + tan B
tan (A + B) = 1 - tan A tan B

tan A - tan B
tan (A – B) = 1 + tan A tan B
Example
Without use calculator and the table of logaritm, determine tan105°.
Answer
tan 105° = tan (60 + 45)° = tan 60°+ tan 45°
1 - tan 60° tan 45°
= √3 + 1 = 3 + 1 . 1 + 3
1- 3 1- 3 1+ 3
= √3 + 3 + 1 + √3 = 4 + 2 √3
12 – (-3)2 -2
= - (2+√3)

Back
• Cosine Double Angle Formula
By using the cosine formula (A + B), for A = B so that:
cos 2A = cos (A + A)
= cos A cos A – sin A sin A
= cos2 A – sin2 A ……………..(1)

or
cos 2A = cos2 A – sin2 A Attention!!!
= cos2 A – (1 – cos2 A) sin2A + cos2 A = 1
= cos2 A – 1 + cos2 A
= 2 cos2 A – 1 ……………..(2)

or
cos 2A = cos2 A – sin2 A
= (1 – sin2 A) – sin2 A
= 1 – 2 sin2 A …………(3)

From those 3 equations above, we finally received 3 new formulas as follows:

cos 2A = cos2A – sin2

A cos 2A = 2 cos2 A – 1
cos 2A = 1 – 2 sin2 A
• Known cos A = -24/25, where A is in quadrant III.
• By using the double Angle Formula, determine cos 2A
• cos 2A = 2 cos2 A – 1
= 2 (- 24/25)2 – 1
= 2. 576/625 – 1
= 1152/625 - 625/625
= 527/625
• The aplication of sine, cosine, and tangent, in a double angle

a. Applying the sine double angle formula

By using the formula of sin (A + B), for A = B so that:
sin 2A = sin (A + B)
= sin A cos A + cos A sin A
= 2 sin A cos A

Formula: sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A

• Known sin A = – 5 , where A is in
13
• Quadrant III. By using the double angle formula, determine sin 2A!!

Answer:
• r2 = x2 + y2 → x2 = r2 – y2
= 132 – (–5)2
= 168 – 25
x2 = 144

x = 12, because in the qudrant III so...

cos A = -x
r
Cos A = -12
13
sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A = 2 (5/13) (12/13) -120/169
• The tangent double angle formula

By using the tangent formula of (A + B), for A =

B so that:

tan 2A = tan (A + A)

= tan A + tan A = 2 tan A

1 - tan A × tan A 1 – tan2 A

Formula: tan 2A= 2tan A

1 – tan2 A
• If a is an acute angle, and cos a= 4/5. Detremine tan 2a

• Answer :
• BC2 = AC2 – AB2 C
= 52 – 42
= 25 – 16 = 9
BC = √9 = 3
• tan a = BC = 3
AB 4 A B

3 3
2 tan a 2.
tan 2a = = 4 = 2
1 − tan a  3  1− 9
2 2

1−   16
 4
3 3
2 3 16 24 2
= 2 = × = =3
16 9 7 2 7 7 7
−
16 16 16
Back
 Task
1. Without logaritm table and calculator, determine :
a. 2 sin 75° cos 15°
sin 81°+ sin 15°
b. sin 69°- sin 171°
2. If cos 2A = 8 and A is acute angel, find tan A.
10
3. If sin A = 12 and A position in II quadrant, Find the value of::
13
a. sin 2A
b. cos 2A
 Basic Theory
To obtain the formula for the
multiplication of sin and cos, we need
to recall the formula :
Cos (a+b)= cos a cos b-sin a sin b
Cos (a-b) = cos a cos b+sin a sin b
Sin (a+b) = sin a cos b+cos a sin b
Sin (a-b) = sin a cos b-cos a sin b
a. Formula for 2 cos a cos b

2 cos A cos B = cos (A + B) + cos (A – B)

b. Formula for 2 sin a sin b

2 sin A sin B = cos (A – B) – cos (A + B)

c. Formula for 2 sin a cos b and 2

cos a sin b

2 sin A cos B = sin (A + B) + sin (A – B)

2 cos A sin B = sin (A + B) – sin (A – B)
 Formula: 2 cos A cos B = cos (A + B) +
cos (A – B)

Example:

Nyatakan 2 cos 75° cos 15° ke dalam bentuk jumlah atau selisih,
kemudian tentukan hasilnya.

Penyelesaian

2 cos 75° cos 15° = cos (75 + 15)° + cos (75 – 15)°
= cos 90° + cos 60°
= 0+ 1
2
= 1
2
 Penggunaan Rumus Sinus dan Cosinus Jumlah Dua Sudut, Selisih
Dua Sudut, dan Sudut Ganda

Sebelum membahas rumus cosinus untuk jumlah dan selisih dua sudut,
perlu kamu ingat kembali pelajaran di kelas X. Dalam segitiga siku-siku
ABC berlaku:

A Sin a = sisi depan = BA

sisi miring AC
Cos a = sisi samping = BC
sisi miring AC
B C Tan a = sisi depan = AB
sisi samping BC

• Selanjutnya, perhatikanlah gambar di samping.

 Formula: 2 sin A sin B = cos (A – B) –
cos (A + B)

Example :

• Nyatakan 2 sin 67 2 ° sin 22 2 ° ke dalam bentuk jumlah atau

selisih, kemudian tentukan hasilnya.:
Penyelesaian

2 sin 67 1/2 ° sin 22 1/2 ° = cos (67 1/2 – 22 1/2 )° – cos (67
1/2 + 22 1/2 )°
= cos 45° – cos 90°
=1 2 – 0 = 1
2 2
•
 1).2 sin A cos B = sin (A + B) + sin (A – B)
2).2 cos A sin B = sin (A + B) – sin (A – B
)

Example :

1. sin 105° cos 15° = 2 {sin (105 + 15)° + sin (105 – 15)° }
= 1 (sin 120° + sin 90)°
2
= 1 ( 1 3 + 1)
2 2

=1 3 +2
4
2. sin 127 1 ° sin 97 1 ° =1 (2 sin 127 1 ° sin 97 1 °)
2 2 2 2
= 1/2 {cos (127 1/2 ° – 97 1/2 °) – cos (127 1/2 ° + 97 1/2 °)}
= 1 (cos 30° – cos 225°)
2
= 1 (3 + 2)
4

BACK
 SUM AND
DIFFERENCE OF
SINE AND
COSINE
 ADDITION AND SUBSTRUCTION
FORMULA OF SINE AND COSINE

• sin α + sin β = 2 sin ½ ( α + β ) cos ½ ( α – β )

• sin α – sin β = 2 cos ½ ( α + β ) sin ½ ( α – β )
• cos α + cos β = 2 cos ½ ( α + β ) cos ½ ( α – β )
• cos α – cos β = – 2 sin ½ ( α + β ) sin ½ ( α – β )
 Addition of cosine
• 2 cos A cos B = cos (A + B) + cos (A - B)
EXAMPLE :
:

MAKA :
FORMULA :

EXAMPLE
 Substruction of cosine
From the Formula of 2sine A sine B = cos (A-B)- cos (A+ B), then by
deciding that A+B =α and A-B = β, we have a formula of:
Example :

Simplify cos 35 – cos 25

0 0
 Addition and substuction of
sine
From the Formula of sine A cos B = sin (A+B)+sine (A+ B), then by deciding
that A+B =α and A-B = β, we have a formula of:
Example
1. Simplify: sin 315° – sin 15°.
Answer
sin 315° – sin 15° = 2 × cos 1 (315 + 15)° × sin 1 (315 – 15)°
2 2
= 2 × cos 165° × sin 150°
= 2 × cos 165 × 1
2
= cos 165°
2. Simplify: sin 45° + sin 75°.
Answer
sin 45° + sin 75° = 1 × sin 2 (45 + 75)° × 1 cos (45 – 75)°
2 2
= 2 × sin 60° × cos (–15)°
= 2 × 1 √3 cos 15° = √3 cos 15°
2
LET’S SOLVE SOME
PROBLEMS
1. Make simple of :
a. cos 100° + cos 20°
2. Determine the value of :
a. sin 315° – sin 15°
• Make simple of sin 45° + sin 75°.
• cos 75° – cos 15°
• sin 80° + sin 40°
 IT’S TIME TO REFLECTION

1. Without logaritm table and calculator, determine :

a. 2 sin 75° cos 15°
sin 81°+ sin 15°
b. sin 69°- sin 171°
2. If cos 2A = 8 and A is acute angel, find tan A.
10
3. If sin A = 12 and A position in II quadrant, Find the value of::
13
a. sin 2A
b. cos 2A
4. Use the sine addition and difference formula to determine this angel
bellow :
a. sin 105°
b. sin 75° cos 15° – cos 75° sin 15°
5. Use the cosine addition and difference formula to this angel ;
a. cos 195°
b. cos 58° cos 13° + sin 58° sin 13°
6. Knowed A and B is acute angels. If cos A is 4 and cos B is 24,
5 25
Determine cos (A + B)
7. Make simple the:
a. 2 cos (x + 50)° cos (x – 10)°
8. Determine the value of:
a. cos 120° sin 60°
9. Determine the value of:
a. 2 sin 52 1/2 ° sin 7 1/2 °
10. Determine the value of:
a. sin 1/12 p cos 1/12 p
11. Make simple of:
a. 2 cos (x + 20)° sin (x – 10)°
12. Make simple of :
a. cos 100° + cos 20°
13. Determine the value of :
a. sin 315° – sin 15°
14.Make simple of sin 45° + sin 75°.
a. cos 75° – cos 15°
b. sin 80° + sin 40°
 Task
1. Use the sine addition and difference formula to determine this angel
bellow :
a. sin 105°
b. sin 75° cos 15° – cos 75° sin 15°
2. Use the cosine addition and difference formula to this angel ;
a. cos 195°
b. cos 58° cos 13° + sin 58° sin 13°
3. Knowed A and B is acute angels. If cos A is 4 and cos B is 24,
5 25
Determine cos (A + B)
3. From the ship which is sailing straight
into the direction of the beach is seen a
mountain summit with elevation angle of
15°. After 2 kilometers closer, the
mountain summit is seen with 20°.
Calculate the height of the
mountain.
1.
 4. A flagpole stands upright on the edge of a high rise
building. From a place that is visible with elevation angle 60°
and point the tip of the flagpole visible at an angle of 70°
If the horizontal distance from observation point to the edge of
the building is 10 meters, how tall flagpole meterkah these?

5. Ali, Badu, and Carli was playing on a flat field. In certain

circumstances, the position of ali, Badu, and Carli forming a
triangle. Ali Badu distance from 10 m, a distance of 15 m from Ali
Carli and Carli distance of 12 m. Badu What is the big angle formed
by Badu, Ali, and Carli in positions that?

6. A ladder 20 feet long leans at the wall of a building. The

ladder’s legs are 10 feet distance from the base of the wal.
Determine the magnitudeangle between the ladder with the ground.
Penerapan Trigonometri
• Menyelesaikan masalah yang terkait
dengan sudut elevasi dan sudut
depresi.

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Sudut Elevasi:
sudut antara garis
pandang dan garis
mendatar ketika
pengamat melihat ke
atas.
sudut elevasi

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 Penerbangan:
Sebuah pesawat lepas
landas ke arah gunung
dengan sudut tetap,
hingga melewati puncak
400 m
gunung. Jika pilat ingin
terbang 50 m di atas
gunung, berapa sudut 2025 m
elevasi yang harus
diambil?

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Sudut Depresi:
sudut antara garis
pandang dan garis Sudut Depresi

mendatar ketika
pengamat melihat ke
bawah.

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Penyelaman:
Sebuah kapal penyelamat
dengan menggunakan sonar
dapat menentukan bahwa
sudut depresi ke kapal yang
tenggelam adalah 35º di
dasar laut. Diketahui
kedalaman laut 40 m.
Berapa jauh seorang
penyelam dari kapal
penyelamat untuk dapat
mencapai kapal yang
tenggelam tersebut ?

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Thanks to :