FACTORIES ACT

Submitted by:
Vishnu R (31056)
Vyas Sreenivas (31057)
Ateeque (F091)
 Factories Act
• Why Factories Act?

– Factories Act in 1881

– Factories Act in 1891

 Factories Act, 1948
• Objectives

– To regulate working conditions in factories

– To ensure basic minimum requirements for the

safety, health and welfare of the factory workers
are provided
 What is a factory
• “Factory” is defined in Section 2(m) of the Act. It means
any premises including the precincts thereof-
i. Whereon ten or more workers are working, or were
working on any day of the preceding twelve months, and in
any part of which a manufacturing process is being carried
on with the aid of power, or is ordinarily so carried on; or
ii. Whereon twenty or more workers are working, or were
working on any day of the preceding twelve months, and in
any part of which a manufacturing process is being carried
on without the aid of power, or is ordinarily so carried on;
 Examples of a FACTORY
i. Salt works
ii. A shed for ginning and pressing of cotton
iii. A beedi making shed
iv. A Railway Workshop
v. Composing work for Letter Press Printing
vi. Saw Mills
vii.Place for preparation of foodstuff and other eatables
 Concerns Addressed

• Employers’ Responsibilities w.r.t health, safety & welfare measures

• Health Measures
– Cleanliness and disposal of wastes
– Ventilation, temperature, Humidity
– Prevent dust and fumes
– Avoid overcrowding
– Lighting and drinking water
– Urinals, Latrines and spittoons
• Safety Measures
– Fencing
– Restricting young persons from working on dangerous machine
– Providing suitable gear and maintaining condition of devices
– Providing safe means of escape in case of fire and training employees on the same
– Appointing safety officers for more than 1000 workers
 Concerns Addressed
• Welfare Measures
– Seating arrangements for employees required to work in standing position
– First aid boxes
– Canteen – suitably lighted and ventilated
– Rest rooms/shelters with provision for drinking water
– Creches (when 30 or more women workers are employed)
• Working Hours and Overtime
– Restrictions on employment of women, children etc
– No dual employment
– Working hours < 48 hrs a week and 9 hrs a day
– No overlapping shifts
– Weekly holidays
– Overtime – for workers working for more than 9 hrs a day
 LEAVES
EARNED LEAVES
• Also known as ‘privileged’ leave
• Earned by employees when they serve the
organization
• Earned during the year and can be availed
during the same subsequent year
Act Number of earned leaves
Factories Act, 1948 A day leave for every 20 days worked
Mines Act, 1952 1 day for every 15 days – Below ground
1 day for every 20 days – Other cases

Bidi and Cigar Workers (Conditions of A day leave for every 20 days worked
Employment) Act, 1966
Sales Promotion Employees (Conditions of One month for every 11 months spent
Service) Act, 1976
Working Journalist and Other Newspaper One month for every 11 months spent
Employee’s (Conditions of Service) and
Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1955

Plantation Labour Act, 1951 One day for every 20 days worked

Domestic Workers (Registration Social 15 days during the year

Security and Welfare) Act, 2008
 OTHER LEAVES
• CASUAL LEAVES
• SICK LEAVE/MEDICAL LEAVE
• MATERNITY LEAVE
• PATERNITY LEAVE
• NATIONAL & FESTIVAL HOLIDAYS
• QUARANTINE LEAVE
• EXTRAORDINARY LEAVE
• STUDY LEAVE/SABBATICAL
• LEAVE NOT DUE
• LEAVE FOR GENERAL/BYE ELECTION
• INNOVATIVE LEAVE
 Hazards - Macro View
• It is estimated that at least 250 million
occupational accidents occur every year
worldwide
• 335,000 of these accidents are fatal
• Industries with Highest Accidents - Mining,
Chemical, Agriculture and construction.
Occupational Health and Safety

• It encompasses the social, mental and physical well-being of

workers
• involves the consideration of issues relating to occupational
medicine, industrial hygiene, toxicology, education,
engineering safety, ergonomics, psychology
• Workers can be exposed to toxic chemicals
• inhale the chemicals
• the chemicals can be absorbed through the skin
• Health hazards such as dusts; gases; noise; vibration; extreme
temperatures.
 Some Occupational Diseases
• asbestosis (caused by asbestos, which is common
in insulation, automobile brake linings, etc
• silicosis (caused by silica, which is common in
mining, sandblasting
• lead poisoning (caused by lead, which is
common in battery plants, paint factories
• noise-induced hearing loss- (Common to any
Manufacturing facility)
 Range of Hazards
• chemical hazards, arising from liquids, solids, dusts,
fumes, vapours and gases
• physical hazards, such as noise, vibration,
unsatisfactory lighting, radiation and extreme
temperatures
• biological hazards, such as bacteria, viruses, infectious
waste and infestations (Common in Food and
pharmaceutical Industry
• psychological hazards resulting from stress and strain
• hazards associated with the non-application of
ergonomic principles - improper seating and
workstation design, or poorly designed work practices
Impacts on workers due to Health Hazards

• Direct cost-
- The pain and suffering of the injury or illness;
the loss of income;
- the possible loss of a job;
- health-care costs.
• Indirect Cost
- human suffering caused to workers' families,
which cannot be compensated with money.
HEALTH AND SAFETY PROGRAMME
• Strong management commitment and strong
worker participation
• Effective training on use of safety equipments
(Masks, safety Goggles, Ear Buds, Safety
Helmet
• Safety Officer – Situation Analysis of occurred
Accident and preventive steps
• Safety Committee –
 How worker safety was dealt in
SIYARAM
• No safety Officer
• No Safety Committee
• Poor working conditions –
Room temperature very
High, Continous exposure to
steam
• No preventive steps when
Accident occurs - Example
BRINTONS CARPETS
• Safety Officer
• Safety Committee comprising
of represetatives from
Management as well as
Workers
• Good Working Conditions –
Air Conditioned work
environment
• Preventive steps on War
footing – Example (Edges in
warehouse)
 Lifestyle Hazards
• "Everyone in India really needs to work hard so that the
future generations can enjoy the country's success. India
cannot afford to have an easy work culture now..."
- Future Group CEO Raghu Pillai
• Third CXO to meet with an untimely death in 18 months
• Blurring of boundary between working hours and
personal hours
• Shortage of sleep
• High incidence of diseases like cholesterol, obesity, heart
diseases among workers in the outsourcing industry
Thank You