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MATHEMATICS II

SEMESTER 2,
2010-2011
COURSE OUTLINE

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Course Title Mathematics II
Course CIC Code Math II
Credit Hours 3 Credit Hours

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1. Text Book
The main text book for the course is calculus (Early Transcendental Function) Third edition
.
By Smith Minton

2. Course Objectives
This course is a transition from a course in elementary Calculus to another advanced
course. The main topics in this course are integration (Method of integration-Application
of integration)- Complex Analysis – Vector and three-dimensional Analytic Geometry-
Linear algebra- Theory of Equations-Numerical Integration

The aims of this course are:


To emphasize of developing an understanding of concepts in advanced Mathematics

rather than learning by rule.


To gain experience in the method of evaluating different types of integrations.

To gain an approval of importance of the complex analysis theory, Vector and three-

Dimensional, linear algebra, theory of equations and numerical integration

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3.Course Description
The main concepts covered in this course include:
•Integration Techniquesand Application of Integration
•Vectors and three-dimensional Analytic Geometry
•Linear algebra
•Theory of Equations
•Complex Analysis
•Numerical Integration

4. Homework –Assignments
Problem sets are assigned for the credit and will be graded by the teaching
Assistant (TA).
Your Homework assignments should be submitted in class.
There will be four Quizzes done in the lectures

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5. Reading Materials
The following Chapters will covered this semester
A. Integration Techniques and Application of Integration
• Trigonometric Substitution
• Integration By Parts
• Partial Fractions
• Area of a Region Between two curves
• Volume (The Disc Method – The Shell Method)
• Improper Integrals
• Arc Length of the Curve
• Surface area
B. Vectors and three-dimensional Analytic Geometry
• Planes and lines
• Surfaces of degree two
• Vectors in three dimensions
c. Linear Algebra
• Determinates
• Matrices
• System of linear equations
• Eigen values and Eigenvectors

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D. Theory of Equations
•Roots Properties
•Relation between coefficients and roots .

•E. Complex Analysis


•Complex numbers
•Logarithmic and exponential functions

•Limits and continuity of a complex function

•Complex integration

•F. Numerical Integration


•Rectangular Rule
•Trapezoidal rule

•Simpon's rule

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6. Attendance Policy
Attendance at lectures and Tutorial is a must. It will be taken during each
lecture students are not allowed to miss lectures which might contain quizzes.

7.Grading System
The grade will be given as follows

Description Grade Note


Final Exam 50% This course outline is
Participation 8% subjects to changes if
Quizzes 32% necessary, in which case
Tutorials 10% you will be notified
Total 100%

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Integration – Overview

Integration means the anti-derivative

 f ( x) dx  g ( x)  c Why ?

d
Because  g ( x)   f ( x)
dx

Example

1 d 1
 1  x2 dx  tan 1
xc because
dx
 tan x  
1

1  x2
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Rules of Integration

Rule 1

If k is a constant
 k dx  kx  c Why ?

Rule 2
n 1
x
 dx  n  1  c n  1
n
x Why ?

n  1 1
 x dx   x dx  Ln x  c
In the case 1

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Examples

1
    
3 7
x x 7
8 dx  x 3
 x1/ 2
 x  8 dx
x
x 4 x3 / 2 x 6
    8x  c
4 3/ 2 6
7/2
1 x
  x  3 dx  7 / 2  Ln x  3x  c
5/ 2
x

2 1
 1 1 x 3
x
  x 
    2  x2 dx  3  2 x  1  c
2
x dx x

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Rule 3

 f ( x) 
n 1

  f ( x)
n
f '( x) dx  c n  1 Why ?
n 1

Examples

(3 x 2
 7)11

  dx  c
2 10
6 x (3 x 7)
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6 1 1 (3 x 2
 7)11

 x (3x  7) dx   6 x (3x 2  7)10 dx 


2 10
 c
6 6 6 11

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Rule 4
f '( x)
 f ( x)
dx  Ln f ( x)  c Why ?

Examples

6x
 3x 2  7   7)  c
2
dx Ln (3 x

x 1 6x 1
 3x
6
dx    2 dx  Ln(3 x 2  7)  c
2
7 6 6 3x  7 6

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sin x  sin x
 tan x dx   cos x dx   cos x dx

  Ln  cos x   c

cos x
 cot x dx   sin x dx

 Ln  sin x   c
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Rule 5

  c
f ( x) f ( x)
e f '( x ) dx e Why ?

Examples

  c
tan x 2 tan x
e sec x dx e

 2x e
x 2 1 x 2 1
dx  e c

2 1 1 x2 1
 xe   2x e
x 2 1 x 2 1
dx  dx  e  c
2 2 2
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Rule 6

 sin f ( x) f '( x) dx   cos f ( x)  c


Why ?
 cos f ( x) f '( x) dx  sin f ( x)  c

Examples

     1)  c
2 2
8 x sin(4 x 1) dx cos(4 x

1
    1)  c
2 2
x cos(3 x 1) dx sin(4 x
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Examples

 x cos x dx    sin x  cos x dx


(1) 7 7
sin

sin 8 x
 c
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Another solution

Let u  sin x du  cos x dx


then

   du
7 7
sin x cos x dx u
u8 sin 8 x
 c  c
8 8 16
1
 x dx    1  cos 2 x  dx
2
(2) sin
2
1 1 
  x  sin 2 x   c
2 2 

 x dx
Try to calculate 2
cos ??

1 1 1 
  1  cos 2 x  dx   x  sin 2 x c
2 2 2 
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(3)
x x  1 dx
2u du  dx
Let u  x 1
2

u2 1  x

    
2 2
x x 1 dx (u 1) u 2u du
  (u 2  1) 2u 2 du

  (2u 4  2u 2 ) du
5 3
u u
2 2 c
5 3 18
u   x  1
1/ 2
But u2  x  1

Then
5 3
u u
 x x  1 dx  2 5  2 3  c
2 2
  x  1   x  1  c
5/ 2 3/ 2

5 3

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1 1
(4)
 9  x 2 dx    x 2  dx
9 1  
 9 
x 1
Let u du  dx 3du  dx
3 3
1 1
 9  x 2 dx   9  1  u 2  3 du
1 1 1 1 1 1  x 
  du  tan u  c  tan    c
3 1 u 2
3 3 3
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In general we have

1 1 1  x 
 a 2  x2 dx  a tan  a   c
1 1
(5)
 16  x 2
dx  
 x2 
dx
16 1  
 16 
x 1
Let u du  dx 4 du  dx
4 4
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1 1
 16  x 2
dx  
16  1  u 2 
4 dx

1
 du
1 u 2

1 x 1
 sin u  c  sin    c
4
In general we have

1  x

1
dx  sin    c
a2  x2 a
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Also we have

1 1 1  x 
 a 2  x 2 dx  a tanh  a   c
1  x

1
dx  sinh    c
x2  a2 a
1 1  x 
 x2  a2
dx  cosh    c
a

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1 1
(6)
 25   x  1 2
dx  
  x  1 2

dx
25 1  
 25 
 
x 1 1
Let u du  dx 5 du  dx
5 5

1 1
 25   x  1 2 dx   25  1  u 2  5 du
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1 1
  du
5 1 u 2

1 1 x 1
 tanh u  c u
5 5

1 1  x  1 
 tanh  c
5  5 
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Definite integrals
If f is integrable and f(x)>0 for every x in [a,b], then
x b


area under the graph of
f ( x)dx  f(x) from x=a to x=b
xa

f(x)

dx

This thin strip is going to sweep the graph from


x=a to x=b (remember dx= x0)
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Note

If
 f ( x) dx  g ( x)  c
Then

 f ( x) dx   g ( x)
b
a
 g (b)  g (a)
a

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Problem
2

Evaluate the following integral:



1
( x 2  x  1)dx

2 2


x
3
x 2

( x  x  1)dx     x 
2

3 2 1
1

 (2)3 (2) 2   (1) 3 (1) 2 


   ( 2)      (1)
 3 2   3 2 
 6.667  1.833
 4.833

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Example

 /2
Calculate
 sin 2x dx
0

Solution
 /2  /2
 1 

0
sin 2 x dx   cos 2 x 
2 0
 1 1 
  cos   cos 0 
2 2 
 1 1 
  (1)  (1)   1
2 2 
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Example

Calculate the area between the curves y  x & y 2x


and the x-axis

Solution

1 2
yx y 2 x
Area   x dx   2  x dx
0 1
1 2
x  2
x 2
    2 x   0 1 2
2
 0  2 1
1   4 1  1 3
   0   (4  )  (2  )    2   1
2   2 2  2 2
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