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103 Apurva dagli

106 Utkarsh Grover
109 Sharmila Iyer
110 Mohnish Jain
124 Vatsalam
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V


V Is a cooling apparatus

V Generic name ³fridge´

V urpose is to decrease the reproduction rate of bacteria so that perishable items

could be saved from spoilage.

V maintains a temperature a few degrees above the freezing point of water.

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V
ssential household item

V ore down the barriers of climates and seasons

V Allows the modern family to keep food fresh for much longer than before

V
otic foodstuffs from far-off countries that have been imported by means of
refrigeration
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V ood reservation echniques:

Salting, smoking, canning, preserves, pickling, and dry storage in pots are just a few
eamples of the many ways people preserved food

V ellars:

Were lined with "natural insulation such as straw" and stored ice and snow. ellars
were mostly effective in that they usually preserved food year round.
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V Ice Houses :

After harvesting ice from cold regions of the country, towns stored their ice in ice
houses

V Ice Boes :

reserve foods in homes as opposed to outdoor refrigeration seen in ice houses and
cellars, but problem was that boes had to be replaced daily
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| 
 

V Widely accepted was because other food preservation techniques
significantly altered foods

V It did not change the taste or deplete vitamins and nutrients while
preserving foods
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V
arly 1800s, Michael araday discovered that liquefying ammonia causes cooling

V irst eperiments in artificial refrigeration were conducted in 1748 by Dr. William

ullen

V In 1805, Oliver
vans, an American, designed the first refrigeration machine.

V 1834, Jacob erkins, an American, invented the refrigerator in London

V reon was invented in the 1930s.

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V ommonly known as µridge¶

V
ssential item for every Urban household

V Unlike a century ago when ice-bo was the only way to store food for a day or two,
refrigerator has made life easier as food items could now be stored for longer time
period and sometimes also for months

V Worldwide, there are about 2 billion domestic refrigerators and freezers

V Yevolutionized human lifestyle and led to the rapid development of a worldwide food
trade

V Ice cream, a popular commodity of the 20th century, could previously only be
obtained by travelling long distances to where the product was made fresh, and had
to be eaten on the spot. Now it is a common food item
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V Yefrigerator allows the modern family to keep food fresh for much longer

V Dairy products, meats, fish, poultry and vegetables can be kept refrigerated in the same space
within the kitchen

V eople can now eat more salads, fresh fruits and vegetables, without having to own a garden or
an orchard

V
otic foodstuffs from far-off countries can be imported and consumed

V ood in can be bought in bulk and eaten at leisure

V Yefrigerator comes as a blessing where you store your cooked meal for days

V µHousehold refrigerator is one of the greatest unsung inventions¶

V
ngineering technology perfected it, made it reliable, and inepensive enough for widespread
ownership

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V
nabled the breweries to make a uniform product all year round

and later in meat-packing industry

V Installed in almost all American packing plants was the ammonia

compression system, which had a refrigeration capacity of 90,000
tons/day

V ive big packers ² Armour, Swift, Morris, Wilson, and udahy ²

owned the epensive equipment etensively, using it in refrigeration
cars, branch houses, and other cold storage facilities

V empering utlery

V Iron production got a boost, as refrigeration removed moisture from

the air delivered to blast furnaces.
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V ur and woollen goods storage could beat the moths by using
refrigerated warehouses

V etile mills used refrigeration in mercerizing, bleaching, and

dyeing

V Oil refineries found it essential as did the manufacturers of paper,

drugs, soap, glue, shoe polish, perfume, celluloid, and photographic
material

V Hospitality businesses including hotels, restaurants, saloons, and

soda fountains, proved to be big markets for ice

V In WW-I, refrigeration in munitions factories provided the required

strict control of temperatures and humidity
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our key paradigm changes bought about by

refrigerators are:

1. he displacement of traditional practices,

2. entralization,
3. Standardization and
4. Increasing shifts towards etra-local organizing

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V ompanies like Whirlpool, LG, Samsung and the most renowned

innovators are in the process of changing the face of the
refrigerators that we see today

V urrent refrigeration and cooling systems, such as air conditioners,

are designed to utilize the change in density of gases when set to
different pressures

V he current day coolants are relatively safe for humans and the
environment
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V Hot ridge

V Non
lectric Bio Yobot Yefrigerator

V Modulator Yefrigerator
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! 

V ransformed the way we have been looking at this mostly used home
appliance

V Yefrigeration technology can be viewed as a range of social practices, not

just a set of processes contained within a machine

V urrently reposition the fridge more strongly still as a core node,

connecting more eplicitly than ever to other dimensions in their lives busy
blurring the boundaries between people, practices and machines