SWITCHYARD

Gaurav Verma Pramod Kumar

Partho Banerjee Parameshwar Mahato
Yograj Somnath
Introduction
 Switch yard serve as sources of quality energy
supply for the local area of distribution in which these
are located.

 Their main functions are to receive energy

transmitted at high voltage from the generating
station , reduce the voltage to a value appropriate for
local distribution and provide facilities for switching.
What is Switchyard ?
 The assembly of apparatus used to change some
characteristics (e.g. voltage, a.c. to d.c. ,freq, p.f.
etc..)of electrical supply is called a switchyard.
Switchyard Equipments
 Bus bar.
 Insulators & fittings.
 Isolators.
 Relays & Circuit Breaker.
 Station Transformers.
 Instrument Transformer.
 Metering & Indicating Instrument.
 Power line carrier communication systems.
 Wave traps.
Lightning Arresters

 Lightning arrester is the most commonly used

apparatus for protection against lightning
strokes on the lines entering the substation.
Earthing switch
Discharge the voltage on the circuit to earth for safety.
Location- mounted on the frame of the isolator.
Generally used for incoming and outgoing feeder.
Isolators

Isolators is a mechanical switching device which

provides isolation from live parts for the purpose
of maintenance.
Staggered Type Isolators has been used for
simultaneous operation.
Bus Bar
Bus bars are current carrying conductor to which
various circuit are connected
These are made of ACSR.
There are 2 main bus and one auxiliary bus.
There are 21 bays of which 10 outgoing ones are
divided as- 2 each for mehrauli, okhla, sarita vihar
and ballabgarh & 1 each for noida and alvar.
One bus coupler.
 Circuit Breaker

SF6 type
5-6 bar pressure
Current Transformer
Stepping down current in main ckt. to a measurable
value for protection purpose.
Has five cores- 2 for diff. protection, 1 each for
metering, backup, and distance protection.
Ct ratio of 600/1.
Communication equipments
Wave trap – it is inserted b/w busbars & connection of
coupling capacitor to line.
It prevents high frequency carrier signals from
entering neighboring lines.
CVT- Used for measurement of voltage, using
capacitive voltage divider.
It is also used as coupling capacitor for carrier
communication.
Ratings of Equipments used
CT ratio of 600/1.
PT ratio of 220kv/110v
Total Capacity of generation 705 MW (95x3, 210x2)
Auxiliary supply used 70MW
GT (d/y) of ratings(125MVA x 3, 240MVA x 2)
Station Transformer 220/34.5/6 kv (d/Y/Y).
Control Room

The size of the control room building is dependent on

equipments in the room and varies from utility to
utility.
Each feeder panel have meters showing MW, MVAR
and Amperes.
ABT meters- 3ph, 4wire, v=110v, 1Amps
Protection schemes used are over current, distance ,
differential and LBB.
Switchyard layout
Conclusion
 Switchyard is the heart of electric power system. So
the design should be such that it will provide
continuous , quality & desired power with safety.
THANK
YOU