VECTORS

VECTORS: FORCES ACTING ON AN OBJECT FORCES A push or a pull. Any influence capable of producing a change in the motion of an object. May be represented by a vector quantity.

PHYSICAL QUANTITIES 1. Scalar quantity has magnitude only. 2. Vector quantity has magnitude and direction.
*Vectors may represented by a directed
line segment magnitude.

F= 100N, due E

30

Methods of Vector Addition A. Graphical Method 1. Parallelogram 2. Polygon method B. Analytical Method 1. Trigonometric Method 2. Component Method

Resultant Force a single force

producing the same effect as the given forces. Equilibrium Force- a force Forceequilibrium in magnitude but app.the direction of the resultant force..

A.

Graphical Method

1. Parallelogram method

EXAMPLE: 1. Find the magnitude and direction of the resultant force given: A=100N, due E B=90N, 60 of E Scale: unit: 10N 1cm: 10N

R
60

=28.5 60

R=
R= 165 N Final Ans. R= 165N, 28.5N of E

2.Determine the R Given A=80N, 10 W of N B= 40N, 5 S of W Scale: 1unit : 10N

5 A

10

34

A.

Graphical Method

2. POLYGON

EXAMPLE: 1. Find the magnitude and direction of the resultant force given:
A= 10 N, 70 S of E B= 5 N, due E C= 15 N, 45 N of E D= 15 N, 60 N of W

Scale: 1 unit = 1 N

50

70

C A
45

R=

= 18.5 N, 50 N of E Or = 18.5 N, 40 E of N

B. ANALYTICAL METHOD
1. Trigonometric Method

EXAMPLE: Determine R given: A= 100 N, due E B= 90 N, 60 N of E

MAGNITUDE: Cosine Law

Where: = angle between the two vectors

= 164.62 N

DIRECTION Sine Law

B R B

= 120 A

60

=180= 180-60 = 120

Final Ans.

R= 164.62 N, 28.26 N of E

Another Example: A= 80 N, 40 W of N B= 40 N, 5 S of W

= 180=180- 85 = 95

= 92.51 N

= 50.48

Final Ans.

92.51 N, 54.48 N of W

ALTERNATIVE SOL N:
DRAwiNG

Final Ans.
R= 92.51 N, 35.51 W of N

COMPONENT METHOD
EXAMPLE: Find R given: A= 10 N, 70 S of E B = 5 N, due E C = 15 N, 45 N of E D = 15 N, 60 N of W
Sol n:

STEP 1. Resolve all forces consider A

Ax = Acos Ax= 10 N cos 70 Ax=3.40 N Ay=Asin =10sin70 Ay=-9.4

Consider B(5N,due E)
Bx = 5N By = 0

Consider C (15N, 45 N of E)
Cx=Ccos 15Ncos45 Cx=10.61 N Cy=Csin 15Nsin45 Cy=10.61 N

Consider D (15 N,60 N of W)

Dx=Dcos =15N cos 60 Dx= -7.5 N Dy= Dcos =15N sin 60 Dy=12.99N

Consider A
Ax
70

Consider B
Ay

Consider C Consider D

C Cy 45 Cx

Dy
60

Dx

STEP 2. TABULATE THE RESULT

FORCES
A B C D TOTAL

x-COMPONENT
3.42 N 5N 10.61 N -7.5 N Fx=11.53 N

Y-COMPONENT
-9.4 N 0N 10.61 N 12.99 N Fy=14.2 N

STEP 3. DETERMINE THE MAGNITUDE R

By: Pythagoreans Theorem

Fy

Fy

C = 18.29 N
Fx

STEP 4. DETERMINE THE DIRECTION

FINAL ANS: R= 18.29N,50.92 N of E -----lower triangle R=18.29 N, 39.08 E of N ---- upper triangle