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ELECTROCHEMISTRY
(E)
VOLTAIC CELLS (GALVANIC CELL)
VOLTAIC CELL
CHEMICAL ELECTRICAL ENERGY ENERGY KNOWN AS A GALVANIC CELL TWO DIFFERENT METAL RODS (ELECTRODES) ARE IMMERSED IN AN ELECTROLYTE
THE REACTIONS BETWEEN THE ELECTRODES AND THE ELECTROLYTE PRODUCE A POTENSIAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO EELCTRODES
MAGNESIUM RIBBON
COPPER PLATE
- The more electropositive metal will ionise by losing electrons and becomes negative terminal [anode] - The electrons are taken by the less electropositive metal and becomes positive terminal [cathode] - Electrons pass from the anode to cathode through external circuit
MAGNESIUM RIBBON
SODIUM CHLORIDE,NaCl Type of metal Magnesium / copper Voltmeter reading (V)
Copper / copper
Electron flow
Magnesium ribbon Mg Mg
2 +
+ 2e
Mg2+ + H2
DANIELL CELL
ZINC and COPPER as electrodes ZINC (anode) & COPPER (cathode) Each metal immersed into a solution of its ion Two solutions are connected through a salt bridge or porous pot
The porous pot is more commonly used because the distance of the ions have to travel Porous pot is less
Zinc
Copper
Porous pot
ELECTROCHEMISTRY REACTIVE METAL ANODE DONATE ELECTRON LESS REACTIVE METAL CATHODE ACCEPT ELECTRON
Zn
Cu
K Na Ca Mg Al Zn Fe Sn Pb H Cu Ag
Reactivity decrease
3. The electrons travel through the wire in the external circuit to the copper electrode
Cu2+ + 2e
Cu
Zn Cu
K Na Ca Mg Al Zn Fe Sn Pb H Cu Ag
Reactivity decrease
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
LESS REACTIVE METAL
REACTIVE METAL
ANODE
CATHODE
DONATE ELECTRON
ACCEPT ELECTRON
Dry cell
Mercury cell
Alkaline cell
Nickel-cadmium cell
Advantages Rechargeable Can be made to have higher voltage Disadvantages Heavy Expensive Spilled easily
Advantage Portable
Disadvantages Disadvantages Disadvantages Produce low Not rechargeable Disadvantages Not voltage of 1.25 V Produces voltage Not rechargeable rechargeable Expensive May leak of 1.3 V only Heavy Poisonous
Energy change
Cathode: Ions take in Negative terminal Anode: Electrons electrons released, forming ions Anode : Ions release Positive terminal Cathode, electrons electrons taken in Two similar (usually carbon) or different metals
Types of electrodes
Thank you.