Introduction to Virtualization

Michael Otey Technical Director Windows IT Pro Magazine

What this session covers

Types of Virtualization
Hardware Virtualization Virtual Machine Virtualization Application Virtualization

Future directions in Virtualization

Hardware Partitioning

Scenarios for Hardware Partitioning

Server Consolidation
Reduced TCO Increased server utilization

Separate production and test environments Application Isolation

Hardware Partitioning
Physical system is divided into multiple partitions One or more CPUs per partition Full electrical isolation between partitions Redundant hardware components

Hardware Partitioning
High-end Servers
HP Itanium Unisys ES7000 Fujitsu PrimeQuest

Multiple hardware partitions

Up to 8

Assignment of physical resource per partition

CPUs Memory I/O

Cluster in-a-box support

Hardware Partitioning Summary

Can Consolidate multiple servers
Reduced administration

Requires high-end servers

Usually Itanium based Can be expensive

Limited number of partitions

Virtual Machine Virtualization

Virtualization Scenarios
Server consolidation Multiple OS & Application support Lab and Deployment Testing Training Disaster Recovery Application Isolation

Virtual Machine Virtualization

Applications Guest OS (Windows NT) Applications Guest OS (Windows 2000) Virtual Machine Applications Guest OS (Windows 2003) Virtual Machine

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Virtual Machine

Virtual Machine Manager Host Operating System

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System Hardware

Virtualization Overview
Virtual Machine Guest Environment

VM Hard Disk Options

Virtual Hard Disks
Fixed Dynamic

Virtual Hard Disk Features

Snapshots Undo disks Differencing Disks

VM Networking Options
Virtual Networking
None Internal External (Bridged)

Virtual Machine Additions

Installed after the guest OS
Typically from installed IS image Improves VM performance

Enhanced SVGA video drivers Improved mouse support Drag-and-drop with the host Time synchronization

64-bit Support
64-bit host support
Windows Server SE and EE x64

x64 eliminates physical memory restrictions 64-bit Virtual Machine Manager

Larger kernel address space

Virtual Machine Types and Uses

Desktop Products
Development Testing Training

Server Products
Server consolidation Disaster Recovery High Availability Testing and deployment

Desktop Virtualization (Virtual PC, Workstation)

Server Virtualization (Virtual Server, Virtual Server 2005)

Designed for running one or two desktopDesigned for running multiple server systems systems Runs on the desktop Windows management UI Local virtual disks only No management API VM supports audio Runs as a service Web management UI SAN Support Management API No VM audio support

Virtual Machine Products

Desktop
VMware Workstation 5.5 Virtual PC 2004

VMware Workstation 5.5

First VM Product 64-bit host & guests 2-way virtual SMP SCSI VHDs Multiple snapshots Compatible VM images w/ Virtual Server Can Import MS VM Images USB & Audio support $189

VMware Workstation 5.5

Windows Server 2003 Standard Edition, SP1

Supported Hosts

Windows Server 2003 Web Edition, SP1 Windows Server 2003 R2 Windows 2000 Server SP3, SP4 Windows Server 2003 x64 Edition SP1 Mandriva Linux 2006 Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 4.0, updates 1, 2, 3

Windows Server 2003 Small Business Edition, SP1 Windows XP Home Edition, SP1, SP2 Windows 2000 Professional, SP3, SP4 Windows Server 2003 x64 Edition R2 Mandrake Linux 10.1 Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES 4.0, updates 1, 2, 3

Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition, SP1 Windows XP Professional, SP1, SP2 Windows 2000 Advanced Server, SP3, SP4 Windows XP Professional x64 Edition Mandrake Linux 9.0 stock 2.4.19 Red Hat Enterprise Linux WS 4.0, updates 1, 2, 3 Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES 3.0, updates 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1 stock 2.4.9-e3 Red Hat Linux 7.3 stock 2.4.18

Red Hat Enterprise Linux WS 4.0, update 4 (experimental Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 3.0, updates 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 support) Red Hat Enterprise Linux WS 3.0, updates 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, Red Hat Enterprise Linux WS 3.0, update 8 (experimental 7 support) Red Hat Linux 9.0 stock 2.4.20-8, upgrade 2.4.20-20.9 Red Hat Linux 8.0 stock 2.4.18 Red Hat Linux 7.2 stock 2.4.7-10, upgrade 2.4.9-7, upgrade 2.4.9-13, upgrade 2.4.9-21, upgrade 2.4.9-31 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SUSE Linux 10.1 SUSE Linux 9.2, SP1 stock 9.2-2.6.8-24.11 (SUSE Linux 9.1 stock 2.6.4-52 Ubuntu Linux 6.06 Red Hat Linux 7.1 stock 2.4.2-2, upgrade 2.4.3-12

Red Hat Linux 7.0 stock 2.2.16-22, upgrade 2.2.17-14 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 8, stock 2.4.19 SUSE Linux 9.3 stock 9.3-2.6.11.4 SUSE Linux 8.2 stock 2.4.20 Ubuntu Linux 5.04

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9, 9 SP1, 9 SP2, 9 SP3 stock 2.6.5-797 SUSE Linux 10 stock 2.6.13 SUSE Linux 9.0 stock 2.4.21-99 Ubuntu Linux 5.10

VMware Workstation 5.5

Windows Vista Beta Windows NT 4.0 DOS and Windows 3.1x Mandrake Linux 9.2 Mandrake Linux 8.0 and 8.1 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1 Red Hat Linux 7.3 Red Hat Linux 6.2 SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 8 SUSE LINUX 9.3 SuSE Linux 8.2 Turbolinux 10 Desktop Ubuntu Linux 6.06 FreeBSD 6.0 FreeBSD 5.1 FreeBSD 4.4, 4.5, 4.6.2, 4.8 NetWare 5.1 Server

Supported Guests
Windows Server 2003 Windows Me Mandriva Linux 2006 Mandrake Linux 9.1 Novell Linux Desktop 9 Red Hat Linux Advanced Server 2.1 Red Hat Linux 7.2 Sun Java Desktop System 2 SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 7 SUSE LINUX 9.2 SuSE Linux 8.1 Turbolinux Enterprise Server 8 Ubuntu Linux 5.10 FreeBSD 5.4 FreeBSD 5.0 FreeBSD 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 NetWare 4.2 Server

Windows XP Windows 98 Mandrake Linux 10.1 Mandrake Linux 9.0 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0 Red Hat Linux 9.0 Red Hat Linux 7.1 SUSE LINUX Enterprise Server 10 SUSE LINUX 10.1 SUSE LINUX 9.1 SuSE Linux 8.0 Turbolinux Workstation 8 Ubuntu Linux 5.0.4 FreeBSD 5.3 FreeBSD 4.10 NetWare 6.5 Server Solaris 10 Operating System for x86 Platforms

Windows 2000 Windows 95 Mandrake Linux 10 Mandrake Linux 8.2 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0 Red Hat Linux 8.0 Red Hat Linux 7.0 SUSE LINUX Enterprise Server 9 SUSE LINUX 10 SUSE LINUX 9.0 SuSE Linux 7.3 Turbolinux 7.0 FreeBSD 6.1 FreeBSD 5.2 FreeBSD 4.9 NetWare 6.0 Server Solaris 9 Operating System x86 Platform Edition

Virtual PC 2004
Technology from Connectix 32-bit only Compatible VM Images w/ MS Virtual Server VPC 2007 w/ Vista Audio no USD Now Free

Virtual PC 2004
Supported Hosts
Windows 2000 Professional Windows XP Professional Windows XP Tablet PC Edition

Supported Guests
MS-DOS 6.22 Windows 95 Windows 98, Windows 98 Second Edition Windows Millennium Edition (Windows Me) Windows NT Workstation 4.0, Service Pack 6 or Higher Windows 2000 Professional Windows XP Home Edition Windows XP Professional OS/2 Warp Version 4 Fix Pack 15, OS/2 Warp Convenience Pack 1, OS/2 Warp Convenience Pack 2

Virtual Desktop Products Summary

Microsoft Virtual PC
Free Less hosts & guests support Less VM features and capabilities Soon to be replaced by Virtual PC 2007

VMware Workstation
Costs more More host & guests support Better features (Snapshots, USB) 64-bit hosts and guests

Virtual Server Products

Server Products
VMware Virtual Server 1.01 Microsoft Virtual Server 2005 R2 VMware ESX Server 3.0 Others: XEN 3.0 & Virtuozzo

VMware Virtual Server

Features
64-bit host & guest support Virtual SMP Support USB Support VM Snapshots Import MS VM Images Windows and Web Management Central Management with VirtualCenter

Limitations
No support for host clustering

VMware Virtual Server

Supported Hosts
32-bit Operating Systems:
Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Enterprise, Standard, and Web Editions, R2 Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Enterprise, Standard, Web, and Small Business Editions, including Service Pack 1 Microsoft Windows 2000 Advanced Server, Service Pack 3 and Service Pack 4 Microsoft Windows 2000 Server, Service Pack 3 and Service Pack 4 Mandriva Linux 2006 Mandrake Linux 10.1 and 9.0

64-bit Operating Systems:

Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Enterprise, Standard, and Web Editions, R2 Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Enterprise, Standard, and Web Editions, Service Pack 1 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0 AS, ES, and WS, including U3 and 3.0 AS, ES, and WS SUSE Linux 10 and 10.1 (experimental support), 9.3, 9.2 and 9.1 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 Beta (experimental support) and 9, including SP1, SP2, and SP3 Mandriva Linux 2006

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0, including updates 1, 2, and 3, 3.0, including updates 1, 2, Ubuntu Linux 6.06, 5.10 and 5.04 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, and 2.1 Red Hat Linux 9.0, 8.0, 7.3 and 7.2, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 Beta (experimental support), 9, including SP1, SP2, and SP3 and 8 SUSE LINUX 10, 10.1 (experimental support), 9.3, 9.2, 9.1, 9.0, 8.2 and 7.3 Ubuntu Linux 6.06, 5.10 and 5.04

VMware Virtual Server

Supported Guests
Windows Vista Beta Windows NT 4.0 DOS and Windows 3.1x Mandrake Linux 9.2 Mandrake Linux 8.0 and 8.1 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1 Red Hat Linux 7.3 Red Hat Linux 6.2 SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 8 SUSE LINUX 9.3 SuSE Linux 8.2 Turbolinux 10 Desktop Ubuntu Linux 6.06 FreeBSD 5.4 FreeBSD 5.0 NetWare 6.0 Server Solaris 9 Operating System x86 Platform Edition Windows Server 2003 Windows Me Mandriva Linux 2006 Mandrake Linux 9.1 Novell Linux Desktop 9 Windows XP Windows 98 Mandrake Linux 10.1 Mandrake Linux 9.0 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0 Windows 2000 Windows 95 Mandrake Linux 10 Mandrake Linux 8.2 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0 Red Hat Linux 8.0 Red Hat Linux 7.0

Red Hat Linux Advanced Server 2.1 Red Hat Linux 9.0 Red Hat Linux 7.2 Sun Java Desktop System 2 SuSE Linux Enterprise Server 7 SUSE LINUX 9.2 SuSE Linux 8.1 Turbolinux Enterprise Server 8 Ubuntu Linux 5.10 FreeBSD 5.3 FreeBSD 4.4, 4.5, 4.6.2, 4.8 NetWare 5.1 Server Red Hat Linux 7.1

SUSE LINUX Enterprise Server 10 SUSE LINUX Enterprise Server 9 SUSE LINUX 10.1 SUSE LINUX 9.1 SuSE Linux 8.0 Turbolinux Workstation 8 Ubuntu Linux 5.0.4 FreeBSD 5.2 FreeBSD 4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 NetWare 4.2 Server SUSE LINUX 10 SUSE LINUX 9.0 SuSE Linux 7.3 Turbolinux 7.0 FreeBSD 6.0 FreeBSD 5.1 NetWare 6.5 Server Solaris 10 Operating System for x86 Platforms

Virtual Server 2005 R2

Features
64-bit host support Web-based management New support for Linux distributions Support for MSCS

Limitations
No 64-bit guest support No guest audio No guest USB

VS2005 R2 MSCS Host Support

Support for Microsoft Clustering Services
Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition or Datacenter Edition

VS is MSCS clusteraware
Eliminates single point of failure Automatic VM startup

Windows Server 2003 R2

Applies to any virtualization product running on Windows Server 2003 R2 VM licensing changes
Windows Server 2003 Enterprise Edition R2
Base OS Four additional VM OS

Windows Server 2003 Datacenter Edition

Unlimited VMs

VMware ESX Server 3.0

Leader in the enterprise virtualization products Bare metal installation
No host OS Best performance

ESX Server Overview

Applications Guest OS (Linux) Applications Guest OS (Windows 2000) Virtual Machine Applications Guest OS (Windows 2003) Virtual Machine

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Virtual Machine

Virtual Machine Manager (ESX Server)

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System Hardware

VMware ESX Server 3.0

Features
CPU virtualization 4-way Virtual SMP Direct SAN LUN mapping, boot from SAN Up to 16GB RAM per VM Can import MS VM Images Can cluster VMs across physical hosts Centralized management using VirtualCenter Not free:
$1000 Standard Edition $5750 Enterprise Edition

VMware ESX Server 3.0

Limitations
Unfamiliar management for Windows administrators No official support for MSCS host No USB support in the guests

VMware ESX Server 3.0

Supported 32-bit Guests
Microsoft Windows Windows Server 2003 Standard, Enterprise, Web, or Small Business Server Windows Server 2003 Standard, Enterprise, Web, or Small Business Server R2 Windows XP Professional (Service Pack 1 and 2) Windows 2000 Advanced Server, Server, or Terminal Services Edition (Service Pack 3 or 4) Windows 2000 Professional Uniprocessor (Service Pack 4) Windows NT 4.0 Server (Service Pack 6a and higher) Red Hat Linux Enterprise Linux AS/ES/WS 2.1 Enterprise Linux AS/ES/WS 3.0 Enterprise Linux AS/ES/WS 4.0 SuSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) 8.0 Enterprise Server (SLES) 9.0 OES Novell Netware Version 5.1 Version 6.0 Version 6.5 Sun Solaris 10

VMware ESX Server 3.0

64-bit Guests
Windows 2003 64-bit SP1 (Standard, Enterprise) Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 64-bit (UP6, UP7) Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 64-bit (UP2, UP3) SuSE Linux Server (SLES) 9 64-bit (SP3) Solaris 10 1/062

Other Virtualization platforms

XEN
XEN 3.0 -- Open source
Limited guest support Requires OS Source code changes

XEN Enterprise commercial

Windows and Linux support

Virtuozzo
Linux roots Virtualizes the OS rather than the hardware

Virtual Servers Summary

VMware Virtual Server
Free, excellent host and guest support 64-bit host and guest support No clustering support

Microsoft Virtual Server 2002 R2

Free, Microsoft-only hosts, good guest support 64-bit host support, no 64-bit guest support Support Microsoft Clustering for hosts
(Both benefit for Windows Server 2003 R2 licensing)

Virtual Servers Summary

ESX Server
Highest costs, bare metal performance Virtual SMP, highest guest capacities No clustering for hosts, clustering for guests

XEN
Free, open source, requires OS source code changes

Virtuozzo
Not free, virtualizes OS not hardware

Application Virtualization

Application Virtualization Scenarios

Legacy applications Incompatible applications End of DLL Hell No OS changes Can be coupled w/ AD or other management frameworks for client management and deployment

Application Virtualization
Runs as an application Virtualizes OS settings
Registry File System

Application Virtualization Products

Softricity SoftGrid
Application virtualization Deployment

Altiris Software Virtualization Solution

Application virtualization

Softricity SoftGrid
$5000 base price w/ 20 CALs Purchased by Microsoft Requires AD Requires a backend applications server On-demand deployment
Streams software to clients

Policy-based management

SoftGrid Overview
Install SoftGrip Application Server Deploy SoftGrid Clients Add SoftGrid Application Groups to AD Sequence target applications Assign applications to SoftGrid AD groups

Softricity Overview

Altiris SVS
Free No complex infrastructure requirements Implemented as a file system filter driver
Redirects registry and file system calls

Altiris SVS Overview

Install SVS on the client Create an application layer Install the target application into the application layer Activate the application layer

Future Directions in Virtualization

Windows Server 2007 Hypervisor

Hardware assisted virtualization
Intel Virtualization Technology AMD Virtualization Technology

Windows Server 2007 Hypervisor Compatible with MS VM Images

Virtualization Management
VMware Infrastructure
No AD requirement Manages Virtaul Server, GSX Server and ESX Server VMs

Microsoft System Center for Virtual

Requires AD Manages Microsoft Virtual Server 2005 VMs Currently in beta

Additional Resources
Hardware Partitioning
HP Integrity Unisys ES7000 Fujistu PrimeQuest

www.hp.com/enterprise/cache/262803-0-0-225-121.html?ju

www.unisys.com/products/enterprise__servers/high_d_end

www.fujitsu-siemens.it/products/mission_critical/primeques

Additional Resources
Desktop Virtualization
Microsoft Virtual PC 2004
www.microsoft.com/windows/virtualpc

VMware Workstation 5.5

www.vmware.com/products/ws/

Additional Resources
Server Virtualization
Microsoft Virtual Server
www.microsoft.com/windowsserversystem/virtualserver

VMware
www.vmware.com Virtual Server ESX Server

Additional Resources
Application Virtualization
Softricity SoftGrid
www.softricity.com

Altiris SVS

www.altiris.com/Products/SoftwareVirtualizationSolution.as

Thank You!
Michael Otey mikeo@windowsitpro.com