COSYNA SAC meeting 2011 An overview of some of the larger United States ocean observing efforts

1) National Science Foundation Ocean Observing Initiative (OOI) 2) NOAA Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS)

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Remote Sensing AUVs

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Spatial Nowcasts

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Nested Models Data Assimilation

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4-D Forecasts

Contributed Assets:
HF Radar Networks USF, USM Gliders iRobot, Mote, Rutgers, SIO, UDel, USF, Navy Drifters & Profilers Horizon Marine, Navy Satellite Imagery CSTARS, UDel Ocean Forecasts Navy, NCSU Data/Web Services ASA, Rutgers, SIO

OOI
The NSF OOI is a ~$350 million infrastructure investment. It has just finished the first year of its construction. It intends to be a fully open science infrastructure with accompanying mature cyber-infrastructure and educational tools. It will be a basic science tool.

IOOS
The NOAA IOOS an evolving national consortium of academic, commercial, and governmental members that is is building a coastal backbone of observational and modeling capacity to serve basic and applied needs

DoD/DHS
Several technical centers focused on forward deployed assets, rapid environmental assessment, and maritime domain awareness

NASA
Continued MODIS mission and the launch of Aquarius this last friday

OOIs goals grew out of over a decade of community science workshops

Overarching Science Themes

Forcing and exchanges at the boundaries Ocean-atmosphere exchange Fluid-rock interactions Dynamics of the boundary regimes Coastal ocean dynamics and ecosystems The subseafloor biosphere Plate-scale, ocean geodynamics Dynamics and variability of the ocean volume Climate variability Ocean circulation Turbulent mixing and biophysical interactions Ecosystems Across the boundaries and in the interior Carbon cycling, ocean acidification, ecosystem health

OOI Science Requires Resolution of High Frequency Forcing (minutes-hours) In Distant and/or Extreme Environments for Sustained Periods (years-decades)

Four Global high latitude sites

Station Papa Irminger Sea Argentine Basin Southern Ocean

Two Coastal Arrays

Endurance Array Pioneer Array

Cabled Array
Meso-scale, Plate Scale network The locations and type of infrastructure drive engineering design, deployment, and maintenance profiles

OOI engineering strategy based on multiple modes of communication

OOI Integrated Observatory

Observatory Requirements:
Provide one integrated observatory interface to all users inside and outside the OOI. Enable the users to investigate observations, manage the observatory and its assets and collaborateDrivers: Engineering with each other in teams. A geographically distributed system of systems with observatories at multiple scales and operational authority. OOI-wide need for data distribution, storage, processing and command and control.

Global Scale Nodes

A engineering driver to sample mesoscale space to resolve eddys

Observing Requirements:
Simultaneous observations resolving at least daily time scales and multiple spatial scales, data from air-sea interface to sea floor, collects data for up to a year, multidisciplinary Engineering Drivers: sensor suites, real-time Remote locations, need to data, adaptability operate for months to a year without maintenance, power capacity for the community to add sensors, remote control of sampling, survive high waves and wind

NASA ocean color image of the ocean around Tasmania

Global Scale Nodes

Subsurface flanking moorings Gliders

Observation Need: Adaptive spatial data sampling of water column that can be sustained for a year

Paired surface and profiler moorings cover full water column 3 gliders to observe evolution of ocean properties on sections 2 gliders to track/survey features, also commandable as spares 2 subsurface moorings with fixed depth sensors complete triangular moored array telemetry via gliders

Paired surface and profiler mooring

Coastal Node: Pioneer Array

How exchanges between a broad shelf with the a deep ocean that is bounded by an energetic western boundary system structure physics, chemistry, and biology of continental shelves

Observing Requirements: Nested

simultaneous observations resolving short time scales and multiple spatial scales, data from air-sea interface to sea floor, multidisciplinary sensor suites, real-timeDrivers: Engineering data, high resolution adaptive High turbulence resulting in sampling high frequency heterogeneity in space/time, high rates of bio-fouling, human presence, rapid response cabailities

Coastal Node: Pioneer Array

Engineering Design: Multi-element, multi-scale, fixed and mobile assets, relocatable, reconfigurable to resolve processes Network consists of surface profiling floats, subsurface floats, coastal gliders, and docking AUVs

Coastal Node: Endurance Array

An engineering driver to resolve how coastal jets structure ecosystems and coastal chemistry

Observing Requirements:
Simultaneous observations resolving short time scales and multiple spatial scales, data from air-sea interface to sea floor, collects data for up to a year, multidisciplinary sensor Engineering Drivers: suites, real-time data, High turbulence resulting in adaptability high frequency heterogeneity in space/time, high rates of bio-fouling, human presence

temperature

phytoplankton

Coastal Node: Endurance Array

Engineering Design: Multi-element, multi-scale cabled, high power and bandwidth Fixed and mobile assets deployed for long term sustained time series. Network consists of surface profiling floats, subsurface floats, coastal gliders, and subsurface electro-optical 60 cable.
km 500 m 25 m

500 km
125 km

Observing System Experiment (OSE)

Design, Testing and Deploy Observatory (simulated) data Models ~3 km ~100 m Sensor & Platform

Virtual Ocean

CI Data and Model Integration Portal; Daily planning

Data Assimilation

Data Analysis Science Questions & Drivers Data Synthesis: Nowcast & Data Impact 15

Glider Adaptive Sampling based on Ensemble of Ocean Forecasts

Ensemble of 4 Forecasts

Model-Data Profile Comparisons

Forecast Currents determine Glider Range

Increase model resolution

Reduce forecast error

Science Alerts Science Agents

Scientists

Science Campaigns

Science Event Manager Processes alerts and Prioritizes response observations EO-1 Flight Dynamics Tracks, orbit, overflights, momentum management

Observation Requests

ASPEN Schedules observations on EO-1

Hyperion on EO-1

Updates to onboard plan

Science Community Workshop 1
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Regional Cabled Network

An 800 km Electro-optical Backbone Provides Scientists with Multiple Subsea . Power and Communications Nodes. Each node provides 8 kW and 10 Gb/s.

Regional Cabled Network

An engineering driver is to sample the lithosphere, methane hydrate, and overlying water column

Observing Requirements: High

frequency physical, chemical, and biological data below, within the methane hydrate, and the overlying water column. Engineering

Drivers:
High power and bandwidth required to support seismic, chemical, and geophysical and water column Seafloor Photomosaic of an measurements. Sensors require high frequency Experimental Site in Hydrate Ridge Area information to resolve rapid responses

Regional Cabled Network

A engineering driver is to understand the linkages between sub-seafloor microbial communities, hot springs, volcanic activity, and the overlying ocean

Observing Requirements: High

frequency physical, chemical, geophysical, and biological data at an active volcano linked to the overlying waterDrivers: Engineering column. High power and bandwidth required to support seismic, chemical, and geophysical measurements including high definition video The sensors require high frequency information to resolve rapid responses to episodic events, like volcanic eruptions.

Regional Cabled Network

Life in Extreme Environments

High Resolution Imaging of INFERNO allows experiments at mm scale

4m Inferno

Sensors at the 300C vent INFERNO will provide HD imagery, seismicity, tides, seafloor inflation, and fluid chemistry

MARACOOS Regional Themes

1) Maritime Operations Safety at Sea 3) Water Quality Floatables, Hypoxia, Nutrients

2) Ecosystem Decision Support Fisheries

5) Energy Offshore Wind 4) Coastal Inundation - Flooding

Direct Acquisition Satellite Data Evolution

CODAR HF Radar Network Evolution in the Mid-Atlantic

>35 CODAR Sites Current Mapping Nearshore Waves & Currents Vessel Tracking National Network East Coast Hub

E)

Rutgers Slocum Glider Fleet

Global Flight Statistics: 261 Deployments 4,037 In-water days 94,000 km flown 2.3 laps around the Earth

Glider Sensors

Ruggedized Tail Fin, Modular Payload Bays, Lithium Primary & Rechargeable Batteries

Make the network smart

Here glider looked at its own data to make a decision underwater on its own. The glider brains will be key to provide adaptive sampling of ocean features of high science priority

MARACOOS Regional Real-time Data

Data distributed via Opendap Thredds servers, to the web and mobile devices

Combining MARACOOS Spatial Data with Fisheries Distribution Data New Product: Butterfish Bycatch Reduction Model

MARACOOS Ocean Forecast Models

NY-HOPS Stevens Institute Technology

Short Term Prediction System U. Connecticut

ROMS ESPRESSO Rutgers

HOPS U Massachusetts

Conclusions: Sustained Regional Observing Networks are Proven Ensemble Ocean Forecast Models are a Useful Tool Emphasis is Shifting toward support for Societal Goals Workforce Development is Still Required Linking the Regional Efforts will result in a National Backbone