CCNA Semester 2 Chapter 05 MANAGING CISCO IOS SOFTWARE

Objectives
Identify the stages of the router boot sequence Determine how a Cisco device locates and loads the Cisco IOS Use the boot system command Identify the configuration register values Briefly describe the parts of the IOS name Save and restore configuration files using TFTP and copy-and-paste Load an IOS image using TFTP Load an IOS image using XModem
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Table of Content
1 Router boot sequence and verification 2 Managing the Cisco file system 3 Password recovery

ROUTER BOOT SEQUENCE AND VERIFICATION

Router Startup Sequence

Router Startup Flowchart

How A Cisco Device Locates And Loads IOS

Using The Boot System Command

Router(config)#boot system flash gsnewimage Router(config)#boot system tftp gsn-image 1.1.1.1 Router(config)# boot system rom Remember copy running-config startup-config The router will execute the boot system commands in the order in which they were originally entered into configuration mode.
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Config-register

0x2100 : System bootstrap prompt 0x 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0x2101 : Boot system from ROM 0x 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0x2102 : Boot system from flash 0x 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Configuration register bits 3, 2, 1, and 0 set boot option
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0 1

1 0

Configuration Register
Configuration Register Value 0xnnn0 0xnnn1 0xnnn2 0xnnnF Description Use Rom Monitor mode Automatically boot from ROM Examine NVRAM for boot system commands

Router# Show version Router(config)#configure-register registervalue Ex: Router(config)#configure-register 0x2142

Determining Configuration Register Value

wg_ro_a#show version Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 12.0(3), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Mon 08-Feb-99 18:18 by phanguye Image text-base: 0x03050C84, data-base: 0x00001000 ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWARE BOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version 11.0(10c), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) wg_ro_a uptime is 20 minutes System restarted by reload System image file is "flash:c2500-js-l_120-3.bin" --More-Configuration register is 0x2102

Configuration register value in show version

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Troubleshooting IOS Boot Failure

Configuration file has missing or incorrect boot system statement
Boot system

Incorrect configuration register value

Show version

Corrupted flash image

open: read error...requested 0x4 bytes, got 0x0 trouble reading device magic number boot: cannot open "flash:" boot: cannot determine first file name on device "flash:"

Hardware failure

MANAGING THE CISCO FILE SYSTEM

IOS File System Overview

Prefix Flash: Description Flash memory; Platforms that do not have a device named flash is aliases to slot0 Flash load helper log files File transfer protocol NVRAM Remote copy protocol network server Tftp network server Contains the system memory

Flh: ftp: Nvram: Rcp: Tftp: System:

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IOS Naming Conventions

Managing configuration files using TFTP

Router# copy running-config tftp Address or name of remote host[]? 10.10.10.10 Destination filename [Router-config]? !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 624 bytes copied in 7.05 secs Router#

Router# copy tftp running-config Address or name of remote host[]? 10.10.10.10 Source filename[] ?router-config Destination filename [running-config]? Accessing tftp://10.10.10.10/router-config Loading router-config from 10.10.10.10 (via ethernet 0/0) !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! [OK-642 bytes]
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Managing Configuration Files Using Copy (Hyper Terminal)

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Select Transfer Select Capture Text Specify the name for the text file to capture the configuration. Select Start to start capturing text Display the configuration to the screen by entering show running-config Press the space bar when each "-More -" prompt appears When the complete configuration has been displayed, stop the capture by: Select Transfer Select Capture Text Select Stop

Managing Configuration Files Using Copy

Edit the configuration file: delete the lines following:

Show running-config Building configuration Current configuration - More Any lines that appear after the word End Add the no shutdown command to the end of each interface section

Managing Configuration Files Using Copy

Enter router global configuration mode. Click on Transfer > Send Text File in HyperTerminal. Select the name of the file for the saved backup configuration. Watch as the lines of the file are entered into the router. Observe any errors. Press Ctrl-Z to exit global configuration mode after the configuration is entered. Restore the startup configuration with the copy running-config startup-config command.

Managing IOS images using TFTP

copy flash tftp copy tftp flash

Managing IOS images using Xmodem

Why the IOS image did not load from flash
The flash should be examined with the dir flash

rommon 1>boot flash:c2600-is-mz.1215

Or show version Or show startup-config

A user can restore the image from the ROMmon mode (rommon 1> prompt ).
Xmodem through the console Or use TFTP to download the image
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Managing IOS images using Xmodem

Managing IOS images using Xmodem

Managing IOS images using Xmodem

In HyperTerminal
select Transfer > Send File. In the Send File popup specify the image name and location, select Xmodem as the protocol, and start the transfer

Before the router is restarted

set the console speed back to 9600 and the config register back to 0x2102. Enter the command config-register 0x2102
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Environment variables
The fastest way to restore an IOS image to the router is to use TFTP from ROMmon to download the image rommon 10 >set rommon 10 > IP_ADDRESS=10.10.10.10 rommon 11 > IP_SUBNET_MASK=255.255.255.0 rommon 12 > DEFAULT_GATEWAY=10.10.10.10 rommon 13 > TFTP_SERVER=10.10.10.11 rommon 14 > TFTP_FILE=C2600-IS-MZ.120-7.T.BIN rommon 15 > rommon 15 > tftpdnld
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File System Verification: show flash, show version

Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-D-L), Version 12.0(10), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Copyright (c) 1986-2000 by cisco Systems, Inc. Compiled Mon 20-Mar-00 22:33 by phanguye Image text-base: 0x0303882C, data-base: 0x00001000 ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.0(10c), SOFTWARE BOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-BOOT-R), Version 11.0(10c), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) SGCTT-HCM uptime is 1 week, 1 day, 1 hour, 9 minutes System restarted by power-on System image file is "flash:c2500-d-l.120-10" cisco 2500 (68030) processor (revision N) with 2048K/2048K bytes of memory. Processor board ID 23101339, with hardware revision 00000000 Bridging software. X.25 software, Version 3.0.0. 1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s) 2 Serial network interface(s) 32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. 8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY) Configuration register is 0x2102

File System Verification: show flash, show version

PASSWORD RECOVERY

Config-register

0 3: 6: 8: 13: 15:

Boot field Ignore NVRAM contents Break disabled Boot ROM if network fails Diagnostic and ignore NVRAM

11-12: Console line speed

Config-register

0x2142 : Ignore NVRAM contents 0x

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0

0x2102 : Boot system from flash 0x

3

0 0 1 0

0 0 0 1

0 0 0 0

0 0 1 0

Password Recovery

1. Cold boot the router 2. Press CTRL-BREAK within 60 seconds 3. Change configuration register:
C2500: C2600:

o/r 0x2142 confreg 0x2142

4. Initial the router: i or reset

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Password Recovery (cont.)

5. Do not use setup mode 6. Access to privileged mode 7. copy startup-config running-config 8. change enable password 9. change configuration register to 0x2102 10. copy running-config startup-config 11. reload
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Summary

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Identifying stages of the router boot sequence Identifying how the Cisco device locates and loads the Cisco IOS Using the boot system command Identifying the configuration register settings Troubleshooting problems Identifying the files used by the Cisco IOS and their functions Identifying the locations on the router of the different file types Identifying the parts of the IOS name Managing configuration files using TFTP Managing configuration files using copy-and-paste Managing IOS images with TFTP Managing IOS images with XModem Verifying the file system using show commands

Q&A

Preparation for LAB

LAB: Router password recovery.