Under the guidance of

Mrs REKHA S N
Presented by
KARTHIK B V MITHUN R RAJU B VINAY S (1SG07EE015) (1SG07EE031) (1SG07EE302) (1SG07EE059)

y y y y y y y y y y y

Introduction Block Diagram Components & Its Specifications Circuit Diagram Distribution Chart Flowchart Advantages Disadvantages Applications Conclusion Bibliography

In conventional substations, man power is involved in controlling the output power from a substation. Because of the man power involved in making decisions regarding power distribution, it may lead to over or under usage of the power due to negligence. To overcome the above drawback, we are going ahead with automating the substation.

BLOCK DIAGRAM
LCD 16X2
E R/W RS Microcontroller PIC 16F877 Keypad Signal Conditioning Circuit

RELAYS

DISTRUBUTION LINES

y 8-bit, 40 pin y Features

ROM RAM EEPROM Timer I/O Ports/pins Interrupts

Quantity 8KB 368*8bytes 256*8bytes 3 5/33 14

y Parallel 8-bit transfer y 3 Control signals

E=1 send from ports R/W=0 RS=0 Command Code RS=1 User Data y Low cost & power

Circuit Description

IC 7812 15 D1N4007 230V AC, 50HZ 0 D2 15 0.1Uf 2200Uf 0.1Uf 1 2 0.1Uf 3 12V

0
5V

2 1 IC 7805 3

Gnd

4.7k RD1 20 37 RB4 Gnd 4.7k 38 RB5 +5V Gnd 4.7k 39 RB6 Gnd 4.7k 40 RB7 VCC 10k 4 R/S 6 E

MCLR

0
22Pf

13 OSC1

4MHZ

0
22Pf

14 OSC2

P I C 1 6 F 8 7 7

RD2 21 RD3 22 RD4 27 RD5 28 RD6 29

14 D7 13 D6 12 D5 11 D4

16 * 2 L C D

RC0 15 RC1 16 RC2 17 RC3 18 RC4 23 RC5 24

To Relay Driver

12V
NO From RC0 of D1

R Phase of line1

Common

I/P1

O/P1

I/P1

O/P1

NC

Y NO D2

Phase of line1

From RC1 of

Common

I/P2

O/P2

I/P2

O/P2 12V

NC

B Phase of line1 NO

From RC2 of

D3

Common

O/P3 I/P3

I/P3 O/P3
NC

From RC3 of

D4

BUFFER CD 4050
I/P4 O/P4

AMPLIFIER ULN 2803

I/P4 O/P4 12V

12V
NO

R Phase of line2

Common NC

Y Phase of line2 NO

From RC4 of

D5

I/P5

O/P5 I/P5 O/P5 12V

NC Common

B Phase of line2 NO Common

From RC5 of

D6

O/P6 I/P6 I/P6 O/P6

NC

Design of DC voltage 12v,1A current output with ripple of 0.1 . RL =Vdl/IL = 12/1 = 12ohm. With ripple 0.1, I e 10%, rip=1/(4sqrt(3)*f*C*R) C=1/4sqrt(3)x50x12x0.1 C=2405uf Std, 2200uf

LINE-1 6 AM - 12AM 12 AM - 6 PM 6 PM - 10 PM 10 PM - 2 AM 2 AM - 6 AM TOTAL - Hrs

LINE 3 LS 1 3 1

HOUR 6 6 4 4 4 24

LINE-2 6 AM - 12 AM 12 AM - 6 PM 6 PM - 2 PM 2 AM - 6 AM TOTAL - Hrs

LINE LS 3 1 3

HOUR 6 6 8 4 24

RAINY SEASON 3 = 10 Hr 1 = 8Hr LS = 6 Hr

LINE-1 6 AM - 10 AM 10 AM - 4 PM 4 PM - 10 PM 10 PM - 2 AM 2 AM - 6 AM TOTAL - Hrs

LINE 3 LS 1 3 1

HOUR 4 6 6 4 4 24

LINE-2 6 AM - 10 AM 10 AM - 2 AM 2 PM - 4 PM 4 PM - 2 AM 2 AM - 6 AM TOTAL - Hrs

LINE LS 3 LS 1 3

HOUR 4 4 2 10 4 24

WINTER SEASON 3 = 8Hr 1= 10Hr LS = 6Hr

LINE-1 6 AM - 8 AM 8 AM - 6 PM 6 PM - 10 PM 10 PM - 2 AM 2 AM - 6 AM TOTAL Hrs

LINE 3 LS 1 3 1

HOUR 2 10 4 4 4 24

LINE-2 6 AM - 4 PM 4 PM - 6 PM 6 PM - 2 AM 2 AM - 6 AM TOTAL - Hrs

LINE LS 3 1 3

HOUR 10 2 8 4 24

SUMMER SEASON 3 = 6Hr 1 = 8Hr LS = 10Hr

Flow Chart

START

Initialize LCD, I/O ports (port C, port D as out put ports and port B as input port)

Display initial condition A RB4 =1 N

Y Y
RB5 =1 N Go to rainy season routine
A

Y
RB6 N =1 Go to summer season routine
A

Y
RB7 =1 N
A

Go to winter season routine

(Cont..)

(Cont..)

(Cont..)

y Great controlling capacity. y Less number of labors required. y Safety working. y Accurate distribution.

y Fault detection is difficult. y High initial cost. y Requires skilled labour.

y power substation like 66/11KV master unit substation. y Pole substations.

With the advent of automating power system and its application to power system protection will result in accurate distribution, more safety & also reduction in human errors. Since microcontroller is used, this technology achieves great controlling capacity. This automatic distribution gives many advantages compared to manual operation. This project has been carried out for power distribution system having two feeder lines and can be further extended to many number of lines.

 A Text book of electrical technology by B L Theraja

   

S Chand Publication Microcontroller & its Applications by Gopal singh N S EBPB Publication www.google.com www.wikipedia.com www.microchip.com www.datasheet.com