Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Network Infrastructures
Mark Montañez
Enterprise Solutions Engineering
Design Team: CANI - QoS
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 1
Session Objectives
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2
The Enterprise Network Design Model
The OSI Stack Revisited
Business Layer
Application Layer
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 3
3 Steps for Implementing QoS
• Classification—Marking the packet with a
specific priority denoting a requirement
for special service from the network
• Scheduling—Assigning packets to one of
multiple queues (based on classification)
for preferential treatment throughout
the network
• Provisioning—Accurately calculating the
required bandwidth for all applications
plus element overhead
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 4
QoS Is Needed to Minimize
Packet Loss, Delay and Delay Variation
Where QoS Is Needed
Central Campus Remote Branch
Si
Si
WAN
80Kbps
64Kbps
Single PCM VoIP Call
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 7
Example of 384 Kbps Video (30 fps)
Conferencing Traffic (CIF)
“I” Frame “I” Frame
1024–1518 1024–1518
Bytes Bytes
600Kbps
30pps
129–256
513–1024 Bytes Bytes 34%
20%
257–512 Bytes
8%
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 9
Some Applications that Require QoS
• Citrix • FTP
• DLSw+ • Batch updates
• PeopleSoft • Backups
• Oracle • Napster
• ERP— • KaZaa
underlying apps
• Morpheus
• PC replication/
• Grokster
multicast applications
• Video distribution
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 10
Provisioning for Data:
General Principles
Layer 3
IPV4
Version ToS
Length 1 Byte Len ID Offset TTL Proto FCS IP-SA IP-DA Data
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Si
QoS Enabled
WAN
• Queuing
Use CBWFQ for data on all WAN interfaces in a converged network
LLQ for VoIP and video conferencing
• Traffic shaping is required for all frame-relay and ATM/FR
networks
• If running VoIP, use LFI on WAN connections below 768Kbps
Don’t use LFI on any video over IP solutions with VoIP
• Use cRTP carefully
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 18
VoIP Over IPSec VPNs
General Guidelines
VPN
1 Si Si
2
Si Si
3
Trust Boundary
COS = 7 COS = 0
• set port qos <mod/port> trust-ext _____
Only applies to port trust on the IP phone PC Ethernet port
Un-related to actual cat6k port trust
• set port qos <mod/port> trust ____
Applies to the actual switch port trust rules
untrusted (default), trust-cos, trust-ipprec, trust-dscp
Some 6k 10/100 cards require an additional ACL to actually enable
port trust
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 22
Connecting the Video
Conferencing Stations
L3 Aware
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 23
Integrating DLSw+
L3 Aware
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 26
Transmit Queue Congestion—WAN
WAN
Router
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 27
Transmit Queue Congestion—LAN
Queue Mgr
• Multiple queues allow
us to protect the
queue containing Queue 1 Queue 2
important traffic
from drops
• Drops happen in BE
only queue(s)
RR/WRR/PQ
Queue Scheduler
Round Robin,
Weighted Round
Robin or Priority
Queuing Used for
Scheduling between Data Voice
Queues
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 29
Transmit Queue Visibility
statistics 4/1
Queue 1 Queue 2
• Cat 4500 SupIV - show int fa3/2
count all
• Cat 3550 – show mls qos int
statistics fa3/2 RR/WRR/PQ
Queue Scheduler
Data Voice
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 30
Transmit Queue—Visibility 4500 SUPIV
Queue Mgr
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 31
Access Layer
Classification and Scheduling
Required towards Phone and Distribution Layer
Core Si Si
QoS Required
Distribution Si Si
Access
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 32
Campus QoS
atalyst Switches which Support Multiple Queues
Queuing/Scheduling Capabilities Depend on Hardware:
• Access • Distribution/core
2900/3500—2Q1T 4500/SUPIV—1P3Q2T
2950 4Q (priority 6500—2Q2T TX (10/100 classic)
schedule or WRR)
3550—1P3Q2T or 4Q2T 1Q4T RX (10/100 classic)
4000/SUPII—2Q1T 1P2Q2T TX (gig classic)
4500/SUPIV—1P3Q2T 1P1Q4T RX (gig classic)
(priority config)
1P3Q1T TX (10/100 fabric)
6500—2Q2T TX (10/100 classic)
1P1Q RX (10/100 fabric)
• 1P2Q2T
1P2Q2T—One priority queue
1P2Q2T—Two additional queues
1P2Q2T—Two drop thresholds for each queue
• 2Q2T
2Q2T—Two queues
2Q2T—Two drop thresholds for each queue
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 34
QoS in Catalyst 3550
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 35
Catalyst 3550 Example
Access Layer—Access Port and Uplink
mls qos map cos-dscp 0 10 18 26 34 46 48 56
mls qos
Si
!
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/12
description Uplink to Distribution
no ip address 6500 6500
flowcontrol send off
mls qos trust dscp
wrr-queue cos-map 4 5
priority-queue out
!
interface Fastthernet0/1
description to IP Phone 3550 3550 3550
no ip address
mls qos trust CoS
wrr-queue cos-map 4 5
priority-queue out
switchport voice vlan 111
switchport access vlan 11
switchport priority extend cos 0
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 36
Catalyst 3550 Example
Access Layer—Classification
mls qos map cos-dscp 0 10 18 26 34 46 48 56
mls qos Si
!
class-map match-all VoIP-Bearer
match access-group name VoIP-Bearer
class-map match-all Mission-Critical
match access-group name Mission-Critical
class-map match-all VoIP-Control 6500 6500
match access-group name VoIP-Control
!
policy-map VoIP-Policy
class VoIP-Control
set ip dscp 26
class VoIP-Bearer
set ip dscp 46
class Mission-Critical 3550
set ip dscp 18 3550 3550
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
description Classification
no ip address
flowcontrol send off
service-policy in VoIP-Policy
wrr-queue cos-map 4 5
priority-queue out
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 37
QoS in Catalyst 4500—Access
(SUPIV)
• 4 queues (1P3Q2T or 4Q2T)
Need to configure PQ and insure that CoS 5
Si
Priority high
Configurable queue depth (expert mode)
Configurable queue weight (expert mode)
• 802.1p, DSCP or ACL-based QoS (policy 4000SUPIII
maps)
• Can set DSCP or CoS by port
(marked/rewrite or unmarked)
• Trust DSCP or CoS
• Mapping from CoS to DSCP/DSCP to CoS
• 4500
PACUG AVVID shipping with inline power (no PEM)
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 38
Catalyst 4000 (SUPIII) Example
Access Layer—Access Port and Uplink
qos map cos 1 to dscp 10
qos map cos 2 to dscp 18 Core Si
interface GigabitEthernet1/1
description Uplink to Distribution
qos trust dscp
no snmp trap link-status
tx-queue 3
priority high Access 4000
!
!
interface FastEthernet4/1
description To IP Phone
qos trust cos
no snmp trap link-status
switchport voice vlan 111
switchport vlan 11
switchport priority extend cos 0
tx-queue 3
priority high
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 39
Catalyst 4000 (SUPIII) Example
Access Layer—Classification
qos map cos 1 to dscp 10 Core Si
qos map cos 2 to dscp 18
qos map cos 3 to dscp 26
qos map cos 4 to dscp 34
qos map cos 5 to dscp 46
qos
! Distribution
class-map match-all VoIP-Bearer Si Si
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 41
Catalyst 6500 Example
Access Layer—Catalyst 6000
Si
34 46 48 56
cat6k-access> (enable) set qos map 1p2q2t tx 2 1 cos 3
cat6k-access> (enable) set qos map 2q2t tx 2 1 cos 3
cat6k-access> (enable) set port qos 5/1-48 trust trust-cos
cat6k-access> (enable) set port qos 5/1-48 cos-ext 0 4000 Access
cat6k-access> (enable) set port qos 5/1-48 vlan-based
cat6k-access> (enable) set qos acl ip ACL_IP-PHONES trust-
cos ip any any
cat6k-access> (enable) commit qos acl all
cat6k-access> (enable) set qos acl map ACL_IP-PHONES 110
cat6k-access> (enable) set port qos 1/1-2 trust trust-cos
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 42
Distribution Layer
Classification and Scheduling
Required to/from Access Layer
Core Si Si
QoS Required
Distribution Si Si
Access
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 43
QoS in Catalyst 4500—
Distribution (SUPIV)
• 4 queues (1P3Q2T or 4Q2T)
Need to configure PQ and insure that CoS 5 traffic serviced Si
via PQ
Configurable PQ for 3th queue
tx-queue 3
Priority high Si
4006
Si
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 44
Catalyst 4500 (SUPIV) Example
Distribution Layer—Downlink
Core Si
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 45
QoS in 6500—Distribution
• Redundant sups, transmit and receive queues,
priority queues and multiple drop thresholds Si
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 46
Catalyst 6500 Example—Hybrid
Distribution Layer—Catalyst 6000 Si
Hybrid
cat6k-distrib> (enable) set qos enable
6500
cat6k-distrib> (enable) set qos ipprec-dscp-map 0 10 18 26 34 46 48
56
cat6k-distrib> (enable) set qos cos-dscp-map 0 10 18 26 34 46 48 56
cat6k-distrib> (enable) set qos map 1p2q2t tx queue 2 1 cos 3
cat6k-distrib> (enable) set qos map 2q2t tx queue 2 1 cos 3
cat6k-distrib> (enable) set port qos 1/1-2 trust trust-cos
cat6k-distrib> (enable) set port qos 3/2 trust trust-dscp
cat6k-distrib> (enable) set port qos 9/1 trust trust-dscp
cat6k-distrib> (enable) set port qos 9/1 port-based
cat6k-distrib> (enable) set qos acl ip ACL_TRUST-WAN trust-dscp ip
any any
cat6k-distrib> (enable) commit qos acl ACL_TRUST-WAN
cat6k-distrib> (enable) set qos acl map ACL_TRUST-WAN 9/1
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 47
Catalyst 6500 Example—Native
Distribution Layer—Catalyst 6000 Si
mls qos
Native-IOS
mls qos map ip-prec-dscp 0 10 18 26 34 46 48 56
mls qos map cos-dscp 0 10 18 26 34 46 48 56 6500
int range gigabitEthernet 1/1 - 2
wrr-queue cos-map 2 1 3
wrr-queue cos-map 2 2 4
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 48
Catalyst 6500 Example—Native (Cont.)
Distribution Layer—Catalyst 6000 Si
! Trust CoS from the Layer 2 only Catalyst 4000 Access Switch
interface GigabitEthernet2/2
description trunk port to layer 2-only cat4k
Native-IOS
no ip address 6500
wrr-queue cos-map 2 1 3
wrr-queue cos-map 2 2 4
mls qos vlan-based
mls qos trust cos
switchport
switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
switchport mode trunk
! Trust CoS from the Layer 2 only 3500 Access Switch
interface GigabitEthernet3/1
description trunk port to layer 2-only 3500
no ip address
wrr-queue cos-map 2 1 3
wrr-queue cos-map 2 2 4
mls qos vlan-based
mls qos trust cos
switchport
switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
switchport mode trunk
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 49
Is QoS Needed in the Campus?
“Buffer management is as
important as bandwidth
management…”
Just Throw Bandwidth at It…NOT!
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 50
Auto QoS—What Is It?
WAN
• •
• •
• •
Voice Gateways
Callmanager Unity Voice
Applications
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 51
Auto QoS What does it do?
Campus
• Enforce Trust boundary at the phone
• Enforce Trust boundary on access ports and Uplink/Downlink
• Setup Priority Queuing where required
• Modify Queue Admission criteria where required
• Modify CoS to DSCP and IP Prec to DSCP maps where required
WAN
• Builds QoS VoIP Modular Quality of Service Policy
• Provides LLQ for VoIP Bearer
• Provides Bandwidth CBWFQ for VoIP Control
• Sets up Traffic Shaping per QoS DG where required
• Sets up LFI (FRF.12 or MLP) where required
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 52
Agenda
• Quality Concerns with IP Telephony, Multimedia
Applications and Mission-Critical Data
• General Enterprise QoS Design Considerations
• Connecting the End-Points
• Designing the Campus
• Enabling the WAN
• QoS Impact
• VoIP and the Telecommuter
• Questions and Answers
• Summary
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 53
QoS in the WAN
General Guidelines
• The sum of all queues should be <75% of available bandwidth;
LLQ should not be more than 33% of link
• Use LLQ anytime VoIP over the WAN is involved
• Traffic shaping is a requirement for Frame Relay/ATM
environments
• Use LFI techniques for all links below 768Kbps
Don’t use LFI for any video conferencing over IP applications
• TX-ring sizes may require modifications
• Properly provision the WAN bandwidth
• Mission critical applications (Cytrix, DLSW+, etc.)
• Bandwidth hog applications = less than BE traffic
• Use cRTP carefully
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 54
Low-Latency Queuing Logic Tree
TX
Interleave Ring
VoIP-Cntrl
Packets Packets
MC-Data Out
In CBWFQ Fragment
Default
WFQ
LTBE
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 55
Low-Latency Queuing Logic Tree
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 56
LLQ Example—WAN Router
VoIP—Queuing Leased Lines: 12.2(5.6)
class-map VoIP-Bearer
match ip dscp EF interface Multilink 1
class-map VoIP-Control service-policy output QoS-Policy
match ip dscp AF31
class-map Video
match ip dscp AF41 ATM: 12.2(3)
class-map mc-data
match ip dscp AF21 interface ATM1/0.1 point-to-point
match ip precedence 2 service-policy output QoS-Policy
!
policy-map QoS-Policy
class VoIP-Bearer VoIPovFR: 12.2(3)
priority percent 17
class Video map-class frame voipofr
priority percent 16 30000 frame cir 128000
class VoIP-Control frame mincir 1280
bandwidth percent 2 frame bc 1280
class mc-data frame frag 160
bandwidth percent 25
service-policy output QoS-Policy
class class-default
random-detect dscp-based
fair-queue
Leased-Line
Circuits
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 61
PPP QoS Example
interface Multilink1
ip address 10.1.61.1 255.255.255.0
no ip mroute-cache
load-interval 30
service-policy output QoS-Policy
ppp multilink
ppp multilink fragment-delay 10
ppp multilink interleave
multilink-group 1
!
interface Serial0
bandwidth 256
no ip address
encapsulation ppp
no ip mroute-cache
load-interval 30
no fair-queue
ppp multilink
multilink-group 1
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 62
WAN QoS—Frame Relay
VoIP over Frame Relay Minimum IOS 12.2(5.6)
Frame-Relay
Network
LFI FRF.12
Link Speeds < 768kbps
Fragment Size = Max_Allowed_Jitter/(1 Byte/Line Speed in kbps)
cRTP Supported—See Roles Document at ESE Web Site
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 63
Traffic Shaping—Why?
Misc. VoIP QoS Tools Result:
Buffering which Will Cause Delay
and Eventually Dropped Packets
128 kbps
256 kbps
512 kbps T1
Remote Sites
768 kbps Frame Relay, ATM
T1 Central
Site
T1 Central
Site
Important:
Line Rate Flags and
T1 CRC Are Not
Included in
Shaper
Calculations
4.5ms
0ms 125 250 375 500 625 750 875 1000
Time—1 Second
When 7000bits (Bc) Transmitted Credits Are Exhausted No More Packets Are
Sent in that Interval; This Can Happen at the 4.5ms Point of the Interval; This
Could Add 104.5 Milliseconds Delay in between Packets
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 66
Frame Relay QoS Example
interface Serial1
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay
load-interval 30
frame-relay traffic-shaping
!
interface Serial1.71 point-to-point
bandwidth 256
ip address 10.1.71.1 255.255.255.0
frame-relay interface-dlci 71
class VoIP
!
map-class frame-relay VoIP
frame-relay cir 250880
frame-relay bc 2509
frame-relay be 0
frame-relay mincir 250000
no frame-relay adaptive-shaping
service-policy output QoS-Policy
frame-relay fragment 320
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 67
Frame Relay QoS Example
interface Serial1
no ip address Frame Format
encapsulation frame-relay
Flag Header
load-interval 30 CRC Flag
1 Byte 2 Bytes
Data Variable 2 Bytes 1 Byte
frame-relay traffic-shaping
!
interface Serial1.71 point-to-point
bandwidth 256
ip address 10.1.71.1 255.255.255.0
frame-relay interface-dlci 71
class VoIP
!
map-class frame-relay VoIP Allow for Flags
frame-relay cir 250880 and CRC
frame-relay bc 2509
frame-relay be 0 95% of of CIR
Shape to CIR * Frame_Sz/[Frame_Sz
frame-relay mincir 250000
+ (Flags+CRC)]
no frame-relay adaptive-shaping
service-policy output QoS-Policy 256000*320 / (320+4) = 252840
frame-relay fragment 320
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 68
Frame Relay QoS Example
interface Serial1
Traffic Shaping Do the Math…
no ip address Frame Format
encapsulation frame-relay
Flag
load-interval Header
30 CRC Flag
1 Byte 2 Bytes
Data Variable 2 Bytes 1 Byte
Link
frame-relay CIR by
traffic-shaping
! Speed the Formula 99% 98% 97% 96% 95% 94%
interface Serial1.71 point-to-point
56 kbps
bandwidth 25652968 55440 54880 54320 53760 52640 52080
ip address
64 kbps 10.1.71.1
60952 255.255.255.0
63360 62720 62080 61440 60160 59520
frame-relay interface-dlci 71
128 kbps
class VoIP 124872 126720 125440 124160 122880 120320 119040
! 256 kbps 252832 Allow
253440 250880 248320 245760
map-class frame-relay VoIP for238080
240640 Flags
frame-relay
512 kbps cir
508816 506880 501760 496640 491520 and
250880 481280CRC 476160
frame-relay bc 2509
768 kbps 764936
frame-relay be 0
760320 752640 744960 73728095% of of
721920 CIR
714240
Shape to CIR * Frame_Sz/[Frame_Sz
frame-relay mincir 250000 + (Flags+CRC)]
no frame-relay adaptive-shaping
256000*320 / (320+4) = 252840
Formula = (Bandwidth
service-policy X Fragment
output Size) ÷ (Fragment Size + 4 Bytes)
QoS-Policy
frame-relay fragment 320
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 69
WAN QoS—ATM to Frame Relay
VoIP over Hybrid Networks 12.2(3)
ATM
Frame Relay Network
Network
FRF.8
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 70
ATM to Frame Relay
Interworking QoS Example
Remote Frame-Relay Configuration Central ATM Configuration
interface Serial6/0 interface ATM2/0
description T1 to Frame Relay switch no ip address
no ip address no ip mroute-cache
encapsulation frame-relay no shutdown
load-interval 30 atm pvc 1 0 16 ilmi
no arp frame-relay no atm ilmi-keepalive
frame-relay traffic-shaping !
! interface ATM2/0.37 point-to-point
interface Serial6/0.73 point-to-point pvc cisco37 0/37
description 3640 tx-ring-limit 3
no arp frame-relay abr 256 256
frame-relay interface-dlci 73 ppp protocol ppp Virtual-Template2
Virtual-Template2 !
class VoIP-256kbs !
! interface Virtual-Template2
interface Virtual-Template2 bandwidth 254
bandwidth 254 ip address 10.1.37.52 255.255.255.0
ip address 10.1.37.51 255.255.255.0 service-policy output QoS-Policy
service-policy output QoS-Policy ppp authentication chap
ppp authentication chap ppp chap hostname HQ_7200
ppp chap hostname R72HQ ppp chap password 7 05080F1C2243
ppp chap password 7 05080F1C2243 ppp multilink
ppp multilink ppp multilink fragment-delay 10
ppp multilink fragment-delay 10 ppp multilink interleave
ppp multilink interleave
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 71
WAN QoS—ATM
VoIP over ATM Minimum 12.2(3)
ATM
Network
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 72
PPPoATM MLPPP ATM
Cell Optimization
PVC Frag Size PPP Multi-Link
Bandwidth Real Delay
Speed (Cells) Fragment-Delay
56 kbps 2 12 msec 57 kbps 13.7 msec
64 kbps 2 10 msec 68 kbps 12.0 msec
128 kbps 4 11 msec 132 kbps 12.0 msec
192 kbps 6 11 msec 202 kbps 12.0 msec
256 kbps 7 10 msec 260 kbps 10.5 msec
320 kbps 9 10 msec 337 kbps 10.8 msec
384 kbps 11 10 msec 414 kbps 11.0 msec
448 kbps 12 10 msec 452 kbps 10.3 msec
512 kbps 14 10 msec 529 kbps 10.5 msec
576 kbps 16 10 msec 606 kbps 10.7 msec
640 kbps 17 10 msec 644 kbps 10.2 msec
704 kbps 19 10 msec 721 kbps 10.4 msec
768 kbps 21 10 msec 798 kbps 10.5 msec
interface ATM2/0
no ip address
no ip mroute-cache
atm pvc 1 0 16 ilmi
no atm ilmi-keepalive
!
interface ATM2/0.37 point-to-point
pvc cisco37 0/37
tx-ring-limit 3
vbr-nrt 128 128
protocol ppp Virtual-Template2
!
interface Virtual-Template2
bandwidth 132
ip address 10.1.37.52 255.255.255.0
service-policy output QoS-Policy
ppp authentication chap
ppp chap hostname HQ_7200
ppp chap password 7 05080F1C2243
ppp multilink
ppp multilink fragment-delay 11
ppp multilink interleave
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 74
QoS in the Branch Office
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 75
Branch Office Design
802.1Q Trunking
Native
VLAN=70
Aux VLAN=170
interface FastEthernet1/0 cat4k> (enable) set vlan 70 name data70
description Catalyst 4000 Branch Office Switch cat4k> (enable) set vlan 170 name voice170
no ip address cat4k> (enable) set vlan 70 2/1-48
ip route cache policy cat4k> (enable) set port host 2/1-48
no ip mroute-cache
cat4k> (enable) set port auxiliaryvlan 2/1-48
load-interval 30
speed 100 170
full-duplex cat4k> (enable) set port speed 2/1-49 auto
! cat4k> (enable) set trunk 2/49 on dot1q 1-1005
interface FastEthernet1/0.70
description native subnet 10.1.70.0 data
encapsulation dot1Q 70
ip address 10.1.70.1 255.255.255.0
service-policy output output-L3-to-L2
no ip mroute-cache
!
interface FastEthernet1/0.170
description native subnet 10.1.170.0 voice
encapsulation dot1Q 170
ip address 10.1.170.1 255.255.255.0
service-policy output output-L3-to-L2
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 76
Layer 3 to Layer 2
Classification Mapping at the Branch
class-map L3-to-L2-VoIP-RTP
WAN match ip dscp EF
class-map L3-to-L2-Video-Conf
match ip dscp AF41
class-map L3-to-L2-VoIP-Control
match ip dscp AF31
!
policy-map output-L3-to-L2
class L3-to-L2-VoIP-RTP
set cos 5
class L3-to-L2-Video-Conf
set cos 4
class L3-to-L2-VoIP-Control
set cos 3
!
interface e0/0
service-policy output output-L3-to-L2
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 77
NBAR to Identify Applications
Leased Line,
Frame Relay,
ATM Network
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 80
WAN QoS Summary
• Classification
• Scheduling
• Provisioning
• Lot’s of tools—LLQ/CBWFQ, FRF.12, MLPPP,
WRED, etc.
• More than just VoIP and video
Mission-critical applications = bandwidth classes
Bandwidth hogs = <BE treatment
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 81
Agenda
• Quality Concerns with IP Telephony, Multimedia
Applications and Mission-Critical Data
• General Enterprise QoS Design Considerations
• Connecting the End-Points
• Designing the Campus
• Enabling the WAN
• QoS Impact
• VoIP and the Telecommuter
• Questions and Answers
• Summary
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 82
The Solution Test Bed—
What We Tested
Leased Lines
Frame Relay 125 Remote Sites
ATM to Frame
Internetworking
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 83
Traffic Profile—QoS without cRTP
Traffic Profile
TN3270 Email
FTP (TOS2) 1%
15% 10% DNS
4%
Standard
HTTP
10%
Mission-Critical
HTTP (TOS2)
10%
RTP
Call 45%
Setup
(TOS3)
5%
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 84
Details on the ESE Page
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 85
Adding QoS Features—Loss
• Impact of QoS on RTP (voice) streams (ToS 5)
• Lost data (RTP streams) from campus to branch drops from a
range of 0.4—36% to 0% loss (all platforms)
% Loss % Loss
Platform PVC Speed
(Before) (After)
128 kbps 0.40 0.00
7500
256 kbps 2.20 00.0
768 kbps 13.00 00.0
1536 kbps 17.50 00.0
128 kbps 1.40 00.0
7200
256 kbps 2.30 0.00
768 kbps 34.50 0.00
1536 kbps 36.58 0.00
128 kbps 1.38 0.00
3660
256 kbps 2.26 0.00
768 kbps 11.79 0.00
1536kbps 12.35 0.00
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 86
Adding QoS Features—Delay
• RTP latency from campus to branch also improves
Latency msec Latency msec
Platform PVC Speed
(Before) (After)
128 kbps 1861.00 22.60
7500
256 kbps 1050.00 21.80
768 kbps 621.00 22.80
1536 kbps 462.00 17.50
128 kbps 1851.53 24.21
7200
256 kbps 1048.24 23.82
768 kbps 347.25 22.04
1536 kbps 182.54 23.63
128 kbps 1862.42 24.28
3660
256 kbps 1047.74 22.44
768 kbps 482.86 22.15
1536kbps 258.74 22.08
are prioritized:
Qos Impact to PPS on 7500/VIP-4-80
7500 Baseline
45000 7500 QoS Enabled 40992 41765
40000
35106 34057
35000 32706
30000
24592
25000
pps
19768
20000
15000 11849
10000
5000
0
128K 256K 768K 1536K
PVC Bandwidth
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 89
Branch Router QoS Performance Tests
• 1751—Frame Relay and leased line—12.2(7.5)T
• 2651—Frame Relay, leased line and ATM—12.2(7.6)
• 3640—Frame Relay, leased line and ATM—12.2(7.6)
• 3725—Frame Relay, leased line and ATM (DS3)—12.2(7.6)T1
Number of
Line Speed Calls
128k 2
256k 4
768k 12
2.048M 28
4.5 M 80
ATM
80
Leased Line
70
60
50
40 31.3
30 24.723.6
20 11.2 12.4
9.1 7.8 9
10 2 2 1.9 2.8 3.7 3
7
0
128K 256K 768K 2.048M 4.5M
Link Speed
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 91
3640 CPU Utilization QoS + cRTP
Frame Relay QoS Impact on CPU 3640
100 Baseline
90 QoS Enabled
80 QoS + cRTP
CPU Utilization
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
128K 256K 768K 2048K 4645k
PVC Bandwidth
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 92
Branch Device Summary
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 93
Agenda
• Quality Concerns with IP Telephony, Multimedia
Applications and Mission-Critical Data
• General Enterprise QoS Design Considerations
• Connecting the End-Points
• Designing the Campus
• Enabling the WAN
• QoS Impact
• VoIP and the Telecommuter
• Questions and Answers
• Summary
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 94
Crypto VPN Applications
VPN
Telecommuter VPN
VPN Client
VPN
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 95
VoIP + Crypto: Where Are We?
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 96
Provisioning: VoIP Bandwidth
Calculations with IPSec
VoIP Packet
Voice RTP UDP IPSec and Link
IP Header
Payload Header Header GRE Headers Header
X Bytes 12 Bytes 8 Bytes 20 Bytes 76/80 Bytes X Bytes
(Variable)
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 97
Traffic Shaping
DSL
Backbone
806/1710 To Head End
3d-Party
DSL Modem
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 98
Classification and Scheduling,
LFI, and Traffic Shaping
Single-Box
827
Two-Box
DSL
Backbone
To Head End DSL
PIX 501
Variation:
Third-Party
VPN 3002 Can Be Used in Place of
Modem 806/1710 3d-Party PIX 501 if Firewall Not Required
DSL Modem
Single-Box
9x5
Two-Box
Cable
Backbone To Head End
Cable
PIX 501
Variations:
Third-Party VPN 3002 Can Be Used in Place of
Modem 806/1710 3d-Party PIX 501 if Firewall Not Required
Cable Modem
ISDN,
Others To Head End
Wireless
PIX 501 80x Etc. Others
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 99
DSL Options
Single-Box
827
DSL
Two-Box To Head End
Backbone
PIX 501
Third-Party Modem
806/1710 3d-Party
DSL Modem
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 103
Summary
PACUG AVVID
QOS Seminar © 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 104