Circulation

in Landscape

Circulation
Circulation as a means of structuring experience and as a generator of form. It begins with the movement of people

Circulation as movement

Character, nature and speed of movement at which we flow is influenced by the circulation path.

The importance of movement

1 Experience 2 Perception 3Understanding

Character of flow
The specific character of movement affects not only our mood as we traverse the landscape, but also the images we receive. As we peruse the line characters and imagine along these lines, our perception would differ based upon the character of the flow.

direct

indirect

Fluid

Meandering

Circuitous

Angular

Nature of flow
In addition to character of line movement, nature also affects our perception of place.
Ascent Descent

Dendritic: Coalescing

Dendritic: Dispersing

Rhythmic: Intersecting Rhythmic

Rate of flow
Our perception of place changes with rate at which we move. Moving quickly, we are relatively unaware on details but we do when we move slowly. Forces that affect flow: HUMAN TENDENCIES

Relaxed flow

Relaxed flow

Accelerated flow

Impelling factors of movement

(as shown in OHP)

The unusual Things at pix That which is necessary The restful when weary The admirable The superlative That which inspires That which is impressive The exotic

The weird The elegant The subtle The spectacular The familiar Movement The appealing That which is dramatic That which is bold

Consideration in movement
1Distance as friction 2Positive qualities of distance 3Space modulation 4Conditioned perception 5Sequence 6The ordered approach

1 Distance as friction
In the various field of transportation, distance is considered as obstacle to be overcome area must be traversed and space that must be bridged.

Speed and economy are factors: to select minimum of friction Traffic of various types & velocities would be classified and separated for safety purposes Elements along the route would facilitate and express a freedom of movement, as well as freedom to users

2 Positive qualities of distance

Distance is a function of area, and area in a function of space and both area and space are usually at a premium.

In the world of expansion and increasing pressure, we often yearn for more room and seek to extend our constricting boundaries. We expand and increase apparent distances. It is an art that we, in the increased planning concentrations and population densities of the near future, must relearn and develop.

3 Space modulation
It is an established planning fact that we seek in an area or space that has quality of harmony, oneness or unity that is the mark of any well-conceived work of science of art.

Man in motion takes great pleasure in the sensation of change design modulation of spaces, views or objects to accommodate and express the use for which it was planned. Man enjoys moving to and through spaces and moving around or past objects. This is called experience of sequential space-tospace transition. One may be led through a sequence of varying spaces that provide a complete change in use and mood. Each transition, space-to-space, is contrive with a deft assurance of practice, as a harmonious sequential progression of movement.

4 Conditioned perception
Designer should plan a program of users perception of any object by sequence of planned relationships that will reveal the most appealing qualities of it; - that will be experienced and anticipated by users.

A sequence of conditioned experience will heighten the interacting pleasurable impact of each compared to only a single experience alone. Experience is compounded of which we have perceived that which we perceiving and that which we expect to perceive. As moving through a space of complex spaces we subconsciously remember that which we have passed or sensed. We thus orient backwards in the time space, as well as forwards and find that each orientation gives meaning to the other and to all.

5 Sequence
In nature, sequences are casual and free. BUT, in planned sequence, it may be casual and disciplined, rambling and intentionally to achieve a purpose. Sequence, in the term of planning, defined as succession of perception of experiences having continuity.

The planned sequence is an extremely effective design device may induce motion, give direction, creative cadence, instill a mood or explain an object or series of it in space and develop a concept. A planned sequence = conscious arrangement of organization of elements or spaces. One feels compelled to move from the start of a sequence to its completion. A sequence should interpret, express or dramatic or traversed. Each sequence, like a distinctive rhythm or refrain, has its own character and evokes an emotional response.

6 The ordered approach

A man in motion is acted upon by the physical environment through which he passes. It would seem, that a man moving toward a goal. The ordered approaches are designed with admirable sensitivity. Progressive sequential realization of a concept or conditional attainment of a goal.

Line of approach
(as shown in OHP)

Quality of line
(as shown in OHP)

Meandering Direct Curvilinear Erratic Looping Passing

In-circling Dispersing Congregating Rounding Returning Diverging Homing

With distraction With diversion With interference Interrupted line Obscure line With friction Dilution line

end of lecture