Geographical Information System GIS

By: Yahia Dahash

Definition
GIS is a computer system which has the ability to use data functions that describe a location on the Earths surface GIS is a system using and handling the geodatabase to get the same information but more beneficial and flexible GIS work is summarized by capture, display, query, analyze, store and output of geodatabase and descriptive data

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What are the questions that GIS can answer

What is there at a specific location? (location name coordinate) What are the conditions in this location? (what is the distance where it exists) What has changed over time? (spatial time) What are the existing spatial patterns? What is the cause for extension of limited phenomenon? (drought salty) What are the decisions for problem solution in the location and what the effects on the neighborhood and environment
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GIS composition
People

Hardware

Data

GIS

Software

Procedures

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Components of geographic data

Geometry: A location of geographic features on the earths surface Attributes: Descriptive information about features Behavior: Special behavior for each features Capturing data
Hardcopy maps Digital data Coordinates GPS

Dealing with geodatabase

Points: For example, water well city - exchange electricity center Lines: For example, roads rivers - water canales Polygon: For example, region area - lakes - boundary

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Yahia Dahash

GIS functions
Display
 Maps
 Graphs  Reports

Output
    Paper map Internet Image Document

Store
 Vector formats: Discrete representations of reality  Raster formats: Use square cells to model reality

Query
 Identify specific features  Identify features based on conditions

Analyze
 Proximity  Overlay  Network

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Yahia Dahash

What is Arc GIS Desktop?

Arc GIS Desktop includes a suite of integrated applications: applications:
Arc Map Arc Catalog

Arc Toolbox Using these three applications together, you can perform any GIS task, simple to advanced, including mapping, data management, geographic analysis, data editing, and geoprocessing

Arc Catalog
The Arc Catalog application helps you organize and manage all of your GIS data. It includes tools for browsing and finding geographic information, recording, viewing, and managing metadata, quickly viewing any dataset, and defining the schema structure for your geographic data layers.
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Arc Map
Arc Map is the central application in Arc GIS Desktop. It is the GIS application used for all map-based tasks including cartography, map analysis, and editing. In this application, you are work with maps. Maps have a page layout containing a geographic window, called a data frame, with a series of layers, legends, scale bars, North arrows, and other elements. Arc Map offers different ways to view a map. a geographic data view and a layout view. in which you can perform a broad range of advanced GIS tasks.
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Arc Toolbox
Arc Toolbox is a simple application containing many GIS tools used for geoprocessing. There are two versions of Arc Toolbox:
 The complete Arc Toolbox that comes with Arc Info.  A version that comes with Arc View and Arc Editor.

Note: Arc Map, Arc Catalog, and Arc Toolbox are designed to work together to perform all GIS tasks.
For example, you can search for and find a map document in Arc Catalog, then double-click it to open it inside Arc Map. You can then edit and enhance your data through the tools available in the Arc Map editing environment. Once you have created new geographic information using these three applications, you can record metadata for the resulting datasets using Arc Catalog.
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What can I do to produce a digital map?

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What is the information I want to present in a digital map?

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How can we show 2004-data of 2004olive production in a digital map?

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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