ATTITUDE

WHAT IS AN ATTITUDE?
Attitude is a state of mind Your attitude is your mind-set It is the way you look at things mentally Attitudes are evaluative statements They indicate ones feelings either favourably or unfavourably to persons objects and or events

ATTITUDES ARE EVALUATIVE STATEMENTS Attitude reflect how one feels about something Ex. When someone says I like teaching he is expressing his attitude about his work

HOW ATTITUDE WORKS

It is a cognitive and affective evaluation that predisposes a person to to act in a certain way
Cognitive Affective BEHAVIOUR

THREE COMPONENTS OF ATTITUDES?

Cognitions (Thoughts) Affections (Feelings) Behaviour ( Actions and reactions) Interplay of the three components ABC model

THREE COMPONENTS OF ATTITUDES- AN EXAMPLE

Cognitions (My job is interesting) Affections (I love my job) Behaviour ( I am going to get to work early with a smile on my face- my intention to act)

DEFINITION OF ATTITUDE?
Attitude is defined as the persistent tendency to feel and behave in a particular way towards some objects, persons or events

WHAT ARE THE SALIENT FEATURES ABOUT ATITUDES?

Attitudes are related to feelings and beliefs about people Attitude is a response to persons objects or events Attitudes affect behaviour positively or negatively Attitudes undergo changes Attitudes affect perception, and in turn, behaviour

HOW ATTITUDES ARE FORM ED- DIRECT LEARNING AND SOCIAL LEARNING

Attitudes are not inherited They are acquired or learned by people from the environment in which they interact The formation of attitudes is broadly classified in to two sources namely 1. Direct experience with the object 2. Social Learning classical conditioning

PROCESS OF LEARNING ATTITUDES FROM OBSERVATION- DIRECT LEARNING

Ones direct experience with an object or person serves as a powerful source for his or her attitude formation In other words attitudes are formed on the basis of ones past experience in concerned object or person

PROCESS OF LEARNING ATTITUDES FROM OBSERVATION- SOCIAL LEARNING

The process of deriving attitudes from family peer groups religious organizations and culture is called social learning In social learning a person acquires attitudes from his or her environment in an indirect manner They acquire it mainly by observing the behaviour of other and consequences of that behaviour called vicarious learning Neighbourhood Economic status and occupations Mass communications

PROCESS OF LEARNING ATTITUDES FROM OBSERVATION- SOCIAL LEARNING

Attention - focus on something Retention - what observed must be retained Reproduction - Behaviour must be practiced again and again Motivation - learner must be motivated to learn from it

FUNCTIONS OF ATTITUDE
Adjustment Ego-defence Expressive Knowledge

Why do managers need to know about attitude functions?

Understand predict how a certain person is likely to behave. Change the attitude of another person. Eg:low self-esteem

THREE TYPES OF JOB RELATED ATTITUDES

Job satisfaction - Individuals pleasurable or positive emotional state toward his job Job Involvement - the degree to which people immerse themselves in their jobs - It is identifying with ones job Organizational commitment - it is about employees loyalty towards their organizations - It is identifying with ones organization

JOB SATISFACTION IS RELATED WITH FIVE SPECIFC JOB DIMENSIONS PAY WORK ITSELF PROMOTIONAL OPPORTUNITIES ORGANIZATIONAL POLICIES AND PROCEDURES WORKING ENVIRONMENT

Lockes value theory

Satisfaction is a function of the extent to which one's job is perceived as fulfilling important values; do perceived job characteristics match desired characteristics? - Satisfaction is determined by the discrepancy between preferred levels of job factors (pay, autonomy, etc.) and the actual level.

Consequences of job satisfaction

Lawler- porter model of satisfaction and performance

Productivity Satisfaction and absences Safety Job stress Unionization

JOB INVOLVEMENT It is the degree to which employees immerse themselves in their jobs, invest time and energy in them and consider work as central part of their overall lives Such employees tend to be high performers and seldom tardy and get absent

ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT It is an attitude about employees commitment to the organization It is the process by which an employee identify with the organization and and want to maintain membership with the organization

WHAT IS A POSITIVE ATTITUDE

WHAT HAVE YOU GOT TO SAY?

WHAT IS A POSITIVE ATTITUDE

Attitude is the way you communicate your mood to others The way you perceive the world and your position in it directly affects your dealings with others a positive self image will reinforce and improve both professional and personal relationships

ATTITUDE IS YOUR MENTAL FOCUS ON THE OUTSIDE WORLD

Like using a camera you can focus or set your mind on what appeals to you You can see situations as either opportunities or failures Examples
A hot summer day may be beautiful or ugly A departmental meeting is either interesting or boring

When you are optimistic and anticipate successful encounters you transmit a positive attitude and people usually respond favourably When you are pessimistic and expect the worst your attitude is often negative and people tend to avoid you Quite simply you take the picture of life you want to take

EMPHASIZING THE POSITIVE AND DIFFUSING THE NEGATIVE

Emphasizing the positive and diffusing the negative is like using a magnifying glass You can place the glass over good news and feel better or you can magnify bad news and make yourself miserable Magnifying situations can become a habit if you continually focus on difficult situations the result will be exaggerated distortions of problems

A BETTER APPROACH
Imagine you have binoculars Use magnifying end to view positive things Use the other end whenever you encounter negative elements to make them appear smaller Once you know to highlight the positive you are on the right road

REMEMBER! ATTITUDE IS NEVER STATIC! IT IS AN ONGOING DYNAMIC PERCEPTUAL PROCESS

HOW TO MEASURE ATTITUDES

Self- Report Indirect tests Direct observation Techniques Psychological Reaction Techniques

HOW TO CHANGE ATTITUDES

Filling in information Gap Resolving Discrepancies Impact of peers The co-opting approach