MICROBIOLOGY

COURSE NO 413

COURSE OUTLINE
CH:1.GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY by: DR.HINA SALEEM CH:2.ORGANISMS by: DR.SABA INAYAT ALI CH:3.THE FUNGI/YEAST/MOLD by: DR.HINA SALEEM CH:4.THE PROTOZOA by: DR. HINA SALEEM CH:5.THE NORMAL FLORA by: DR.SABA INAYAT ALI

CH:1 GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. HISTORY 3. SCOPE 4. CLASSIFICATION 5. NOMENCLATURE

OBJECTIVES
AFTER THIS LECTURE STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO, 1. DEFINE MICROBIOLOGY 2. DESCRIBE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN MICROBIOLOGY INCLUDING, . INVENTION OF MICROSCOPE .DISCOVERY OF CELL. . DISCOVERY OF MICROORGANISMS 3. EXPLAIN CELL THEORY. 4. EXPLAIN ABIOGENESIS. 5. PROVE BIOGENESIS.

INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION: Microbiology is the study of organisms of microscopic size (c/a microorganisms or microbes) including their culture ,economic importance and pathogenicity

 Culture: to cultivate of a population of microorganisms in a medium. Economic importance: beneficial or harmful effects of microorganisms on the economy. Pathogenicity: an ability of a specific organism to produce a certain disease.

HISTORY
It is the story of developments in the field of Microbiology.

The history of microbiology begins with the invention of microscope.

MICROSCOPE
ANTONY VAN LEEUWENHOEK, father of microscopy. He constructed more than 250 microscopes. Most powerful microscope had the magnification of 200-300 times

 Most powerful microscope had the magnification of 200-300 times. Todays microscope has the magnification of 1000-3000 times. He was the first to see and report bacteria, protozoa and fungi (1674)

ANTONY VAN LEEUWENHOEK

 1665 ROBER HOOK discovered cell in a piece of cork 1838-1839 M. SCHLEIDEN and T. SCHWANN gave cell theory.

Cell theory: cell is the structural and functional unit of life

ABIOGENESIS V BIOGENESIS
.ABIOGENESIS:ARISTOTLE claimed, animals might originate spontaneously from the soil, plant and other unlike animals. .Maggots could be produced by exposing meat to warmth and air.

 FRANCESCO REDI 1626-1697 rejected this theory. EXPERIMENT: He placed meat in jar and covered with gauze. Flies laid eggs on the covering & from eggs maggots developed CONCLUSION: Origion of maggots was flies & not meat.

 NEEDHAM claimed microbes are so small that they dont need parents. Bacteria originated from meat. LEZARO SPALLENZANI, boiled beef broth n sealed, no organism appeared.

 Needham refused, claiming that air was necessary for spontaneous generation. 60-70 years later, F.SCHULZE passed air through acid and T> SCHWANN passed air through red hot tubes, into boiled infusion. Microbes didnt appear Believers of ABIOGENESIS claimed that acid & heat altered the composition of air.

 LOUIS PASTEUR, prepared a flask with a long narrow gooseneck opening. Heated nutrient solution was placed in the flask. Microorganisms were trapped in the neck & no microbial growth appeared.

 Finally theory of ABIOGENESIS was rejected. LIFE CAN COME ONLY FROM LIVING ONES

JAZAKALLAH