A.

POPULATION
y

Australian Population Growth and Building Approvals, 12 months ended June 1997 to 2010

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics

y White Australian
>most common >92%

y Asian Australian
> Asian ancestry that was born in, or immigrant to Australia. >7%

y Aboriginal Australian
>indigenous Australian >1% >examples: Koori(NSW), Murrdi, Nunga, Anangu(SA), Ngunawal, Yapa, Yolngu (NT), Wangai, Yamatji, Nyungar (WA), Palawah (T)

RELIGION
Christians 1. Roman Catholics 2. Anglican 3. Uniting Church 4. Lutheran Buddhism Islam Hinduism None

PERCENTAGE
53.6 20.3 12.7 7.0 3.6 14 0.5 0.2 21.9

LANGUAGES
1. ENGLISH (most common) 2. Chinese 3. Italian 4. Vietnamese 5. Greek

%
80 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.4

INDIGENOUS LANGUAGE
>70 survived >30 endangered >Examples: Arrernte, Kala Lagaw Ya, Fufu, Walmajarri, Warlpiri, Western Desert Language

y Australia > a continent and a country in the South

Hemisphere, lying to the SOUTHEAST ASIA and dividing the INDIAN and SOUTH PACIFIC OCEAN

y Total Area: 7, 686, 850 sq km y Land: 7, 617, 930 sq km y Water: 68, 920 sq km y Coastline: 25, 760 km y Same size of US, not including Alaska

Map of US

Map of Australia

y Experiences VARIETY of climate. y One of the driest continent of earth

AREA South North Northwest South-east Inland Desert CLIMATE > cool, wet winters and warm, dry summer. > (tropical climate)Warm, dry season, and a hot, wet season > monsoon > Seasonal Snow (Alpine Snowfield) > Totally dry in years

Dec to Feb y Autumn Mar to May y Winter Jun to Aug y Spring- Sept to Nov
y Summer

y Constitutional Monarchy

> constitutional = powers and procedure of the A.G are written in CONSTITUTION. > monarchy = head of the state is QUEEN ELIZABETH II

y Federal Gov t

> made up of politicians from all state > PRIME MINISTER (leader/head) > who looks after matters that affect the whole nation
y State Gov t.

>they make decisions and rules for people within the states. > PREMIER (leader/head)
y Local Gov t

>establish by the state gov t to take the responsibilities for a number of community > MAYOR (leader/head)

y A. FUNDINGS AIM: provide universal access to quality health care while allowing choice for individuals. y Key Elements 1. Private Health Insurance > provide added benefits to insured individuals such doctors, hospital and timing of procedure. >assist meeting the cost of private services such as dental, optical, physiotherapy and podiatry services.

2. Medicare >backbone of Nat l health care system >provides affordable and accessible hlth care to all Australian, often provided FREE of charge at the point of service. 3. Private health funds >most are open to everyone, but some only offer over to restricted groups such as employees of a particular firm. 4. Gov t regulation of private health insurance >this ensure that private health insurance is open to a wide range of people in the community & remains accessible to the aged and chronically ill. 5. Gov t Incentives >introduced a number of measures to the promote participation in private hlth insurance.

y Australian Association of Cancer Registries (AACR) y Advisory Committee on Functioning and Disability

Data y Chronic Kidney Dse. Monitoring Advisory Committee y Cardiovascular Dse. Monitoring Advisory Committee y Australia s National Agency for Health and Welfare Statistics and Information.

y Morbidity > Arthritis & Musculoskeletal dse. > Asthma > Cancer > Cardiovascular Dse > Diabetes > Injuries > Mental Health Disorder > Obesity

y Mortality
Causes Deaths % Ischemic Heart Dse. Cerebrovascular Dse. Trachea, Bronchus, Lung Cancer Colon & Rectum Cancer Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Dse. Alzheimer & other Dementias Diabetes Mellitus Prostate Cancer Low Respiratory Infections Breast Cancer
Source : Death & Daly estimated by cause, 2002

Year of Life lost (%) 14 5 6 4 3 1 2 2 1 3

25 11 7 5 5 3 3 3 2 2

20 9 6 4 4 3 3 2 2 2

y NATIONAL HEALTH ISSUES IN AUSTRALIA

Arthritis & Musculoskeletal Conditions Asthma Cancer Cardiovascular Health Diabetes Human influenza Pandemic Indigenous Health Mental Illness Water Quality

E. Nurse Patient Ratio

> 1:4 or 5 nurses to 20 patients

F. MD Patient Ratio
> 1:1500 16000

y Wages for Registered nurses in Australia

y REGISTERED NURSE - ANNUAL (AUD)

y y y y y y y y

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Year 7 Year 8 +

$42,337.69 $44,649.20 $46,950.28 $49,423.54 $51,870.72 $54,323.11 $57,114.66 $59,462.70

REGISTERED NURSE - WEEKLY RATE (AUD)

y Year 1 y Year 2 y Year 3 y Year 4 y Year 5 y Year 6 y Year 7 y Year 8 +

$811.40 $855.70 $899.80 $947.20 $994.10 $1,041.10 $1,094.60 $1,139.60

Health Services in Australia are universal. The Federal Government pays a large percentage of the cost of services in public hospitals. Typically, 100% of in-hospital costs, 75% of General Practitioner and 85% of specialist services are covered Where the Government pays the large subsidy, the patient pays the remainder out of pocket, unless the provider of the service chooses to use bulk billing, charging only the scheduled fee, leaving the patient with no extra costs. Individuals can choose to take out Private Health Insurance to cover these costs, with either a plan that covers just selected services, to a full coverage plan. In practice, a person using private insurance may still be left with out of pocket payments, as services in private hospitals often cost more than the insurance payment. Individuals are encouraged to purchase private health services. The Government achieves this through a Surcharge in tax at which individuals above a set income level are penalized for not taking out private health insurance, and a means-tested rebate.

y A is for Asthma: Managing Asthma in Primary School y y y y y y y

Kids National Bowel Cancer Screening Program Preventing Diabetes w/ Corporate Health Programs Preventing Heart Dse. In Australia SMILES program Biosecurity Program Indigenous Access Program National Water Quality Management Strategy

y A. ISSUES ON INFORMATICS

> The right to privacy > The Duty of Confidence > Negligence > Avoiding Legal Action

y B. ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD

>Australia is dedicated to the development of a lifetime electronic health record for all its citizens. Health connect in the major national EHR initiative in Australia, and is made up of territory, state, and federal governments. MediConnect is related program that provides an electronic medication record to keep track of patient prescriptions and provide stakeholders with drug alerts to avoid errors in prescribing.

y 1. FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF IT

>For Australia's IT industry, the future is green

y 2. KEY COMPONENTS OF IT y 3. KEY SCIENTIFIC INFLUENCES ON FUTURE OF

INFORMATICS

y 4. CORE COMPETENCIES
y y y y y y y y

> Knowledge in practice > Health Intervention Planning and Implementation > Need Analysis and Assessment > Partnerships, Collaboration and Advocacy > Communication > Leadership > Use of Technology > Learning and Development

y 5. ROLE OF BOIINFORMATICS IN THE FUTURE

y With the increase of sequencing projects, bioinformatics continues

to make considerable progress in biology by providing scientists with access to the genomic information. This progress is especially contributed by the Human Genome Project. The information obtained with the help of Bioinformatics tools furthers our understanding of various genetic and other diseases and helps identify new drug targets. With technological developments of the Internet, scientists are now able to freely access volumes of such biological information, which enables the advancement of scientific discoveries in biomedicine.