First Aid

Be Health Smart

Lesson 3, Chapter 3

Motivation
First-aid might be needed anywhere, at any time, and without warning. Studying basic firstaid skills will help you be prepared in emergencies.

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Lesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid

Lesson overview
What is first aid? How can you be prepared for an emergency? What are universal precautions? What are the four steps to take for most emergencies? What are common emergencies?
Be Health Smart Lesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid 3

Lesson overview (contd)

How should you treat a sprain? How should you treat a broken bone? How should you deal with a foreign object in the eye? What are severe emergencies? How can you help a person who is choking?

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Lesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid

Lesson Objectives
Define First Aid Explain how you can be prepared for an Emergency Discuss some universal Precautions Explain the four steps to be taken for most emergencies Know at least 4 common emergencies Explain how to treat a Sprain explain R.I.C.E. Explain how to treat a Broken Bone
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Lesson Objectives
Explain how to treat a foreign object in the eye Explain how to help a person who is choking

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Lesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid

Quick Write
Suppose that you witnessed a car accident. List the actions you would take to provide help and the order in which you would take them.
(Note: Use Pick a Student button in CPS.)

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Lesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid

What is first aid?

First aidimmediate temporary care for an injured/ill person until he/she can get professional help Knowing first aid may Help prevent further damage Speed recovery Make the difference between life and death
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How can you be prepared for an emergency?

Learn basic first-aid skills. Have emergency numbers on hand. Know location of family health records. Keep first-aid supplies at home and in car. Know how to use them.

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Lesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid

How can you be prepared for an emergency? (contd)

Make your own first-aid kit or buy one. Basic first-aid supplies Instruments (e.g., tweezers) Equipment (e.g., thermometer) Medications (e.g., antiseptic ointment) Dressings (e.g., bandages) Miscellaneous (e.g., face mask)
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What are universal precautions?

Universal precautionsactions that prevent spread of disease by treating all blood as if it were contaminated Examples Wear protective gloves. Use a face mask or shield. Cover open wounds on your body. Avoid touching objects that have had contact with victims blood. Wash hands thoroughly after giving first aid.
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What are the four steps to take for most emergencies?

Recognize the signs. Decide to act. Call for help. Provide care until help arrives.

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What are common emergencies?

Sprains Bruises Broken bones Insect bites Burns Poisoning Foreign objects in eye Nosebleed Fainting Heat-related illnesses
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How should you treat a sprain?

Symptoms Swelling Bruising For minor sprains, use R.I.C.E. method Rest Ice Compression Elevation
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How should you treat a broken bone?

Open fracturecomplete break with one or both sides of the bone piercing the skin Closed fracturedoes not break the skin Symptomspain, swelling, misshapen appearance Have X-ray taken. This is the only way to be sure bone is broken.
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How should you deal with a foreign object in the eye?

If the object is in your eye Dont rub. Try to flush object out with clean water. If unsuccessful, seek help. If object is in someone elses eye Locate object. Remove floating object on eyes surface with cotton swab or clean cloth. If unsuccessful, seek help.
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How should you treat a nosebleed?

Pinch nose shut with thumb and index finger. Breathe through mouth. Keep nose pinched for 5 to 10 minutes. Get medical assistance if bleeding. Lasts for 15+ minutes Is excessive
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What are severe emergencies?

Severe emergencies are emergencies in which a person may have only minutes to live unless the correct treatment is provided. In such emergencies, try to stay calm, and call for help.

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How can you help a person who is choking?

Choking occurs when persons airway becomes blocked by an object. Signs of choking include Expression of fear Clutching throat Wheezing/gasping Turning reddish purple Bulging eyes Inability to speak
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How can you help a person who is choking? (contd)

For an adult or older child, use abdominal thrustsquick, upward pulls into the diaphragm to force out an obstruction blocking the airway.
The abdominal thrusts technique From behind, wrap arms around persons waist and tip person slightly forward.
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How can you help a person who is choking? (contd)

Make a fist. Place thumb side of fist just above persons navel but below breastbone. Grasp fist with other hand. Quickly thrust inward and upward. Repeat thrusts until food/object is dislodged. If person becomes unresponsive, call for medical help and begin CPR.
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How can you help a person who is choking? (contd)

If you are choking, give yourself abdominal thrusts. Make fist and position it slightly above navel. Grasp fist with other hand and thrust inward and upward into abdomen until object pops out. Or lean over a firm object (back of chair) and press abdomen into it.
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How should you treat severe bleeding?

Have person lie down. If possible, raise bleeding site above heart level. Wear protective gloves if possible. Apply direct pressure to wound with clean cloth. If unsuccessful, apply pressure to the artery that supplies blood to wounded area.
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How should you treat severe bleeding? (contd)

For arm bleeding
Use four fingers to press on inside of upper arm. Press artery at this point against arm bone. To find artery, feel for pulse below round muscle of biceps.

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How should you treat severe bleeding? (contd)

For leg bleeding Use heel of your hand to press groin at area shown here. Press artery at this point against pelvic bone. You may need to use both hands.

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Lesson review
First aidimmediate temporary care for injured/ill person until professional help arrives Be prepared for emergencies. Learn basic first-aid skills. Have list of emergency phone numbers. Know location of family health records. Keep first-aid supplies at home and in car and know how to use them. Universal precautionsactions taken to prevent spread of disease by treating all blood as if it were contaminated
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Lesson review (contd)

The four steps to take for most emergencies Recognize signs. Decide to act. Call for help. Provide care until help arrives. Common emergencies: sprains, bruises, broken bones, insect bites, burns, poisoning, foreign objects in eye, nosebleeds, fainting, and heat-related illnesses Treat minor sprains with R.I.C.E. method. X-ray any possibly broken bones.
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Lesson review (contd)

For foreign object in eye, try to flush object out of eye with clean water. If unsuccessful, get medical assistance. To treat nosebleed Pinch nose shut with thumb and index finger. Breathe through mouth. Keep nose pinched for 5 to 10 minutes. If bleeding lasts 15+ minutes or if there is a lot of blood, seek medical assistance.
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Lesson review (contd)

Help a choking adult or older child by using abdominal thrusts technique. If you are choking, expel object with abdominal thrusts technique or by leaning over firm object and pressing abdomen into it.

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Lesson review (contd)

To stop severe bleeding, have person lie down. Try to raise bleeding site above level of heart. Try to use protective gloves. Apply direct pressure to wound with clean cloth. If unsuccessful, apply pressure to artery that supplies blood to wounded area.

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Summary
What is first aid? How can you be prepared for an emergency? What are universal precautions? What are the four steps to take for most emergencies? What are common emergencies?

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Summary (contd)
How should you treat a sprain? How should you treat a broken bone? How should you deal with a foreign object in the eye? What are severe emergencies? How can you help a person who is choking?

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Lesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid

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