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By

Mukulika A. Badge Hardas M.E. (EXTC) VIT.

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 Based on the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard Created by the ZigBee Alliance Technological Standard Created for Control and Sensor Networks

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 Defined by IEEE for low rate, wireless personal area network but long battery life. Was released in March 2003 March 2003 introduces group 4b

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 Large networks (large number of devices and large coverage area) that can form autonomously and that will operate very reliably for years without any operator intervention Very long battery life (years off of a AA cell), very low infrastructure cost (low device & setup costs) and very low complexity and small size Device data rate and QoS needs are low Standardized protocols are necessary to allow multiple vendors to interoperate

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Reliable Mesh networking Low data-rate applications Very long battery life Secure Scalable Low cost Global applicability

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 Idea of digital radio networks via direct-sequence

spread spectrum coding. May operate on one of three different radio bands: the 800 MHz, 900 MHz, or 2.4 GHz frequencies. Follows the internationally recognized radio standard for the MAC and PHY Layer.

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Topology
Star Cluster Tree Mesh

Network coordinator, routers, end devices

States of operation
Active Sleep

Devices
Full Function Devices (FFDs) Reduced Function Devices (RFDs)

Modes of operation
Beacon Non-beacon

 Allows users to balance system cost, reliability & battery life

Mesh
Reliability Extended Range No Battery Life Routing Complexity

Star Simplicity
Low Cost Long Battery Life Single Point of Failure

Hybrid (Cluster Tree) Flexibility

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Reliability/Range of Mesh Battery Life of Star Design Complexity 13-04-2012

PAN coordinator Full Function Device Reduced Function Device

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End developer applications, designed using application ZA1 ZA2 ZAn IA1 IAn profiles Application interface designed API UDP using general profile IP Topology management, MAC management, routing, discovery ZigBee NWK 802.2 LLC protocol, security management MAC hannel access, PAN maintenance, IEEE 802.15.4 MAC reliable data transport Transmission & reception on the physical radio channel
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IEEE 802.15.4 PHY

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Monitors Sensor s Automation Control

Industrial & Commercial

Consumer Electronics

TV VCR DVD CD Remote

PC Peripherals Mouse Keyboard Joystick Gamepad

Personal Healthcare

Low Data Rate Radio Devices

Monitors Diagnostic s Sensors

Toys & Games

PETs Gameboy s Educational

Home Automation

Security HVAC Lighting Closures

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PC And Peripherals
Desktop PCs and Home Entertainment Systems (Home Theatre TV) o Computer peripherals; o HID devices Video conference equipment o Remote control Video gaming equipment o Multi-player PC & video games o Remote controls for audio and video equipment

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Human Input Devices (HID)

Keyboard Mouse / Pointing Device Remote Controls (controls for audio & video equipment) Gaming device Double Joystick

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 May allow more patient freedom o Monitors vital statistics and sends via internet

Patient can remain in their own home Lowers cost and improves comfort
Patients are allowed greater movement Reduced staff to patient ratio Light way to bathroom when they get out of bed Reduces patient confusion

graphic

Can be used in hospice care

graphic

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 Wireless Lighting

Control
Dimmable ballasts Light switches anywhere Customizable lighting schemes o Energy Saving on bright days
o o o

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Optimized for different applications

Bluetooth ZigBee o Larger packets over small o Smaller packets over large network network o Ad-hoc networks o Mostly Static networks with o File transfer many, infrequently used o Screen graphics, pictures, handsdevices free audio, Mobile phones, o Home automation, toys, headsets, PDAs, etc. remote controls, etc.

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Address Different Needs

Bluetooth is a cable

replacement for items like Phones, Laptop Computers, Headsets Bluetooth expects regular charging
o

Target is to use <10% of host power

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Address Different Needs

ZigBee is better for devices

Where the battery is rarely replaced

o

Targets are :

Tiny fraction of host power New opportunities where wireless not yet used

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ZigBee and Bluetooth

ZigBee targets applications not addressable by

Bluetooth or any other wireless standard

ZigBee and Bluetooth complement for a broader

solution

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Coordinator to Device

Device to Coordinator

Beacon Enabled Mode

Non-Beacon Enabled Mode

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WWAN

IEEE 802.22 IEEE 802.20

WMAN
Ra ng e

WiMax IEEE 802.16 WiFi 802.11

WLAN
ZigBee 802.15.4 Bluetoot h 802.15.1

WPAN 0.01

0.1

1 Data Rate (Mbps)

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802.15.3 802.15.3 a 802.15.3 100 1000 c

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Pros
good extension of existing

Cons

standards supported by many companies low power consumption low cost easy implemented (Designer concentrates on end application) flexible network structure

Not many end devices available yet Single point of failure (centralized architecture)

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CompXs

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and many more....

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Parting Thought
Just as the personal computer was a symbol of the '80s, and the symbol of the '90s is the World Wide Web, the next nonlinear shift, is going to be the advent of cheap sensors. -Paul Saffo Institute for the Future

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Research in ZigBee
Introduction Research Research Papers

Introduction
The IEEE 802.15.4 standard was completed in May

2003. The ZigBee specifications were ratified on 14 December 2004. The ZigBee Alliance announced public availability of Specification 1.0 on 13 June 2005. Much research is still going on with ZigBee.

Academic Research
Research in ZigBee is being conducted in different fields:
Wireless and sensor networks Wireless communications Neuroengineering

Research Papers ZigBee Networks Time Synchronization for

ZigBee: Wireless Control That Simply Works Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation Development of Ubiquitous Sensor Network Wireless Technologies for Data Acquisition Systems

ZigBee and the Market

The next big thing
Expected to hit the market full force in 2006 Companies have already invested millions

ZigBee Products
Development Kits
Sensors Transceivers Modules

Current ZigBee Uses

Environmental Monitoring
Agricultural Monitoring Home Automation Still on Horizon

Product Applications
Road map products-tracking
Consumer electronics PC Personal and healthcare Commercial and residential control

ZigBees Future

Source: http://www.zigbee.org/imwp/idms/popups/pop_download.asp?ContentID=7092

Thank you !

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