NAPOLEON BONAPARTE MILLITARY GENIUS, Emperor of France LESSON 7 and 8

YOUTUBE:
NAPOLEON introduced The French Revolution: From Louis XVI to Napoleon alexgomez83

MEDITERRANEAN= Blue + PINK NAPOLEON CONTROLLED

* NOTE- KEY TERMS:

Monarchy: supreme power over the state/nation is held by a single person.

 Revolution: the overthrow of a government by those who are governed

Storming the Bastille 14 July 1789

 Republic: a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them.

Napoleon- saved the Republic of France?

Monarchy Republic Napoleon the republican soldier - to FIRST CONSOL for LIFE Hmmm ETERNAL DICTATOR EMPEROR

Portrait of NAPOLEON
What does this image suggest about Napoleon?

What does this image suggest about Napoleon?

Portrait of NAPOLEON

Coronation of Napoleon

Medal Commemorating the coronation of Napoleon Caesar Acknowledging a new chief by raising him on a shield. Support of Napoleon by the people represented by a Roman senator and the military.

SYMBOLS OF EMPIRE

Caesar's Roman Imperial Eagle inspired both Napoleon's French Imperial Eagle and Hitler's German Imperial Eagle.

Symbol of the Grande Arme.

shame

Blue regimental flagpoles, were sculpted out of bronze

Napoleons Coat of ARMS

What is a coat of arms?

*NOTE- Coat of Arms

A symbol or collection of symbols, usually represented on a shield, that indicates traits, identity and values.

ACTIVITY: 7 symbols on Napoleons COAT OF ARMS

FILL IN THE SHEET

Bee - Symbol of immortality and resurrection, the bee was chosen so as to link the new dynasty to the very origins of France. Eagle - associated from the earliest antiquity with military victory, power, glory. TOGETHER= the hard working peasant (bee) and the soaring royal figure (eagle). = both social classes were necessary and equal.

FILL IN THE SHEET

Crown divine right as RULER/King.

Mantle His Ceremonial cape, red, gold, covered in grapes, bees. Sceptre Baton of command, sign of kings authority. Hand of justice Napoleon was a just ruler. Chain of the legion d honneur made up of a gold chain made of 16 trophies, linked by eagles with the ribbon and cross of the order at their necks. Sides = small chain with stars and bees. Centre = Napoleonic N, around it is a laurel wreath. The cross of the Lgion d'honneur is a five-pointed pommel-pointed star. In the centre is the laurel-crowned head of the emperor.

NAPOLEON CONTINUED
LESSON 8

NAPOLEONs BATTLES
LAND and NAVAL WARFARE

EGYPT

*NOTE: Motivation: WHY EGYPT?

Britain controlled the Indian Empire. Effort to CUT OFF Britains trade with India = economically weaken Britain. He wanted to cut their strategic trade routes off. Wanted to find another route to access to the east - Quickest route to India = via Egypt.

OR Napoleon's own memoirs list the reason solely as "glory". "All great glory resides there."

Napoleon Bonaparte in Egypt, 1799.

 In July 1798, 400 transport ships landed and 34,000 troops near Alexandria. ALSO 1,000 civilians Administrators, artists and poets, botanists and zoologists, surveyors and economists.

WHY?

Rosetta Stone
WE CAN READ HIEROGLYPH S BECAUSE of NAPOLEON!

2 languages= Egyptian and Greek. 3 scripts= Hieroglyphic, Demotic Egyptian and Greek.

Battle: French Vs Mamelukes Pyramids at GIZA

Land Battle

*NOTE: PYRAMIDS at GIZA 1798

STRATEGY:

Egyptians = highly developed cavalry. Charged with sabres + pistols French = organized infantry into hollow squares which faced four directions, could repel a charge from any side. French Artillery massive sprayed bullets from corners!

Result = French WON

Battle: French Vs British Nile (Aboukir Bay)

NAVAL BATTLE

AN account..
The transport ships that had landed the French at Alexandria left. Line-of-battle ships that had accompanied them had stayed, and were lying off the Egyptian coast east of Alexandria at Aboukir Bay. The French admiral Francois-Paul Brueys had arranged the ships in a long crescent close to the shore, believing that only one side of the line would be exposed to attack. The British ships soon realized that, with their shallower draughts, they would be able to slip between the French ships and the shore. They sandwiched the French, raking them with fire while the helpless defenders struggled frantically to move cannons to the vulnerable sides of their ships. Napoleons ships were undermanned and caught off guard. Napoleon had taken hundreds of sailors and forced them ashore to forage for water and supplies.

RESULT= British WON

3 of Napoleons ships escaped, British surprise Attack! Not a single British vessel was lost. BRITISH= 218 killed. FRENCH= 1,700 killed.

Battle: French vs Allies 1805 Russians + Austrians AUSTERLITZ

ACTIVITY: Battle of Austerlitz Textbook pg. 202, 203.

Date? (when) Where? Who was involved? (who vs who) Method? (what happened) Materials used? (weapons)

RESULT = French WON

NAPOLEONs GREATEST VICTORY

Battle: French/Spanish vs Britain TRAFALGAR 1805

COMMAND: FRENCH Admiral Villeneuve

vs

BRITISH Admiral Nelson

Duel with HMS Victory and Temeraire during the Battle of Trafalgar

BRITISH HMS Victory

100-gun first-rate ship of the line construction began 1759. Launched in 1765. 6 years to build!!

French Redoutable
The crew: Strong infantry corps with 3 captains and 4 lieutenants

Locked with VICTORY in battle Crew tried to board and seize Victory.

*NOTE: TACTICS and Technology

WEAPONS: Cannons, infantry, artillery (light and heavy weight guns).

NAVAL TACTIC= the line of battle the ships of the fleet form
a line end to end. * Dependence on the wind in battle

= 2 columns of opposing warships would move to bring the greatest weight of broadside guns to bear.

* The heaviest ships carrying the most powerful guns WON. TECHNOLOGY EVOLVED: Built ships = VERY LARGE and POWERFUL.

*NOTE: ADVANTAGES:
BEFORE= Ships closed on each other for individual combat. NOW= Each ship in the line can fire its broadside without hitting their friends. MORE shots can be fired. MOVEMENT of the line in = concentration of fire on that part.

WEBSITE: http://www.woodlandsjunior.kent.sch.uk/Homework/trafal gar/index.htm

ACTIVITY: Battle of Trafalgar Textbook pg. 204.

Date? (when) Where? Who was involved? (who vs who) Who was in command? Method? (what happened) hint: look at the drawing. Materials used? (weapons)

 RESULT= British WIN

BRITISH= NAVAL DOMINANCE FRENCH= LAND DOMINANCE

Victory at the Battle of Trafalgar ensured that Napoleon would never invade Britain.

Battle: French vs Russia EYLAU 1807

Poland MASSIVE BLOODY BATTLE FRENCH = 25000 dead RUSSIANS = 15000 dead

YOUTUBE:
YOUTUBE: Napoleon - Eylau 1807 LouisSuchet

 RESULT: FRENCH WON

NAPOLEON GOES DOWN

WATERLOOooooooooooooooo style

ACTIVITY: DEFEAT MIND MAP

Textbook Pg. 213-215.

YOUTUBE
Youtube: Waterloo 1815, ares1815, 5.06 mins.

ANALYSING TOOLS Motivation Command Method Men and Materials

Motivation
What are the reasons for going to war? Political / religious / personal What are the ends? a limited / local Advantage total Domination We also need to consider the idea of a Just War

Command
How are instructions given and why do individuals respond to them? Command can be broken simply down into one principle:
In Front
Always Sometimes Never (Mask of Command, Keegan)

Method
The means This is how societies have fought, the tools and tactics that they use. The tools very considerably with time and the tactics will depend often on the tools that are at hand.

Men and Materials

This can also be referred to as supply and administration or how are armies kept in the field and societies organised to fight. We need to consider two key questions: What groups in a society fight? How are they supported in the field?

Principles of War
Selection and Maintenance of the Aim Maintenance of Morale Offensive Action Security Surprise Concentration of Force Economy of Effort Flexibility Cooperation Sustainability

Principles of War
Selection and Maintenance of the Aim Often regarded as the most important principle of war. The idea of having a single, clear goal in a military operation. Maintenance of Morale Unity in a group, having common values and sense of purpose. Influenced by confidence in inspiring leadership.

Principles of War
Offensive Action Seizing and using the initiative in order to gain the advantage and provide forward momentum. Security The ability to preserve freedom of action. An expectation of the offensive and surprise.

Principles of War
Surprise The creation of confusion and shock by unexpected action, planned or unplanned. Concentration of Force The decisive application of resources at one particular place and time in order to achieve objectives.

Principles of War
Economy of Effort The use of an appropriate amount of manpower and materials to achieve goals. Flexibility The ability to adapt plans and tactics to meet new situations, responsiveness to change.

Principles of War
Cooperation The ability of individuals and groups to work together to meet the challenges face in the war environment. Sustainability The effective maintenance of a force in the field.

Other Factors
Political Social Economic Technological

Waterloo Medal of Victory 1815Napoleons defeat by Wellington BRITISH defeat FRENCH. Impressed to Joseph Fuller, 2nd Batt. 3rd Reg. Guards, edge knocks and wear to the design Note: the clip and ribbon bar were often replaced as the original clip and ring rusted the uniforms of their wearers. Original ribbon