UNIT 6

Wales
 Wales – Lead in
• The third largest part
• When the first Union Flag was created in
1606, Wales was already united with
England and therefore was represented
by the English flag
• In the 13th century, King Edward I
conquered the place and gave the title
“Prince of Wales to his son”  now, the
title is given to the eldest son of King or
Queen
 Wales – lead in

• Built in 13th century

• concentric castle
• largest in Wales
• 2nd largest in Britain
• one of thef largest
fortresses in Europe

Castle of Caerphilly
Windsor Castle, the largest Castle in UK
 Wales – Lead-in
• In the Capital
•Transformed from
a Roman fort
• Medieval Castle
f

Castle of Cardiff
 Regions of Wales
• THE SOUTH: 2/3 of the population
Swansea:
Swansea: industrial
industrial centre
centre

Newport:
Newport:Steel-producing centre
Steel-producing,
• 3 biggest towns: Saint Woolos’sand
commercial Cathedral
transportation
centre

Cardiff:
Cardiff: commercial
commercial + +
administrative
administrative centre;
centre;
capital,
capital, largest
largest city,
city,
notable museum and art gallery
educational
educational centre
centre
 Regions of Wales
• THE REST: Mountainous
• Communication between North and South:
difficult  closer contacts with its
neighbouring parts of England
• Mount Snowdon: Northwest

(Highest point-1,085m Beautiful

Foot, train) Largest national
park
 Weather and Climate
• Climate: mild and moist
• The highest average rainfall in the UK
 Emblems of Wales
• The daffodil (St
David’s day)
• The leek
 Emblems of Wales
• Saint David
 The culture of Wales
• Retain the culture of the Celtic forebears
• National solidarity
• Love of singing
• Hymns and folk songs
 The Welsh language
• Celtic language
• Spoken by 16-20% of the population
• Best preserved: North and west (50%)
• The Welsh language Act 1967: E + W
• Revival trend: 50% learn Welsh as the 1st
or 2nd language
 The Welsh festival - Eisteddfod
• Music and literary festival
• The first week of August
• One week long
• Many competitions for many classes
• Social gathering
• Only Welsh is spoken
• “Launching pad” for elocutionists and
soloist

Elocutionist: người diễn thuyết

• Pictures of the event

The Eisteddfod
The Eisteddfod
 UNIT 7
NORTHERN IRELAND
Northern
Ireland
 Northern Ireland - history
• Created in 1921: home-rule political entity
• Majority of population: unionist
• 1970s: The Troubles: unionists ><
nationalists
• Largely agricultural (except Belfast – linen)
Northern Ireland – history - flags

Red Hand Flag Saint Patrick’s Cross

(Nationalists)

Union Jack
 Northern Ireland – Topography
• Often described as saucer-shaped
– A low-lying central area is surrounded by
mountains.
– The highest mountain is Slieve Donard
– Marshland
 Northern Ireland - Mountains
The Antrim Mountains
The Sperrin
Mountains

The Mourne Slieve

Mountains Donard
 Northern Ireland - Rivers
The Foyle
River
The Bann
River
 Northern Ireland – Weather and Climate

• Climate:
– Mild and damp
– lack of extremes

• Annual average: 100C

• Rainfall: + North: > 1,000 mm

+ South: 760 mm
+ Evenly distributed throughout the year
 Northern Ireland - Economy
• Climate (frequent rain and high humidity)
provides rich pasture for sheep and cattle.
• Agriculture dominates the economy
• Belfast and Londonderry (Derry): Industrial
cities
Northern Ireland - economy
Northern Ireland – national emblem
• The shamrock
(A three-leave plant)
 Northern Ireland: Places of Interest
• Belfast: Capital city

+ 17th: small village

+ 19th: industrial
development

+ Now: Population =
400,000

• Shipbuilding (the Titanic)

Brick Edifices of Belfast
Harland and Wolff Shipyard, Belfast
Giant’s Causeway
 Giant’s Causeway
• 40,000 pillars of black basalt, mostly
hexagonal but some with four, five, seven
and eight sides  closely placed
• formed during the cooling and contracting
phase of a lava flow