Types of Joint and Movement

No not that kind of joint!

Types of Joint
Fibrous Joints
Immovable
Joints

The joints in the cranium and those between the sacrum and the coccyx The joints between the lumbar and thoracic vertebrae

Cartilaginous
Joints

Slightly Moveable Joints

Synovial Joints

Freely movable Joints

The joints that make the appendicular skeleton e.g. knee joint, Hip Joint etc.

The structure of a synovial joint

What makes up the Synovial Joint

1. 2.

Periosteum- The thick outer layer of bone, it is this structure that the thick ligaments are attached to. Ligaments- A Band of strong fibrous tissue that attaches from one bone to another. Their main function is to stabilize the joint The joint capsule is made up of 2 main areas: The fibrous capsule- Protects the Synovial membrane The Synovial membrane- Contains the Synovial fluid Synovial Fluid- has the consistency of egg whites its main functions are to reduce friction between articular cartilages and to nourish the articular cartilage with nutrients. Another function is to rid the joint of any waste products

Types of Cartilage found in joints

1. Hyaline/Articular Cartilage- Glassy smooth cartilage which covers the ends of bones at the joint. Its has two main functions:a. Prevents friction between bones b. Acts as a shock absorber protecting the bones from being crushed

2. White fibrous cartilage- Found in the fixed joints in the cranium for example 3. Yellow elastic cartilage- Soft and pliable found in the ears gives structure

The six types of Synovial joint

The ball and socket joint The ball shaped head of one bone articulates with the cup shaped socket of an adjacent bone An example would be the head of the humerus and the girdle of the scapula Ball and socket joints produce the greatest range of movement The hip joint is an extremely strong joint however the should can be easily dislocated due to the small cup like socket on the scapula

The hinge Joint The cylindrical protrusion of one bone sits inside the trough like depression of another These joints usually only produce movement in one plane of movement An example is the knee with the two main bones being the tibia and the femur These are strong joints and are lashed together with numerous ligaments

The Pivot Joint Examples are the radio ulnar joint and the atlas/axis joint in the neck Two bones sit on top of each other the top bone articulates around the bottom

The Condyloid Joint Very similar to the ball and socket joint except that it has much smaller articulating surfaces The joint is a much shallower joint this joint allows the second greatest range of movement Lots of smaller joints in the same area increase the range of movement even more An example of this type of joint is the wrist where articulating bones are the carpals and metacarpals

The Gliding Joint

An example of a gliding joint is the spine between vertebrae The surfaces of both bones are flat and about the same size This type of joint allows very limited movement but does allow a gliding movement in all directions

The Saddle Joint

Similar to the condyloid joint both articulating bones are shaped like a saddle Both bones have concave and convex areas This type of joint allows movement in all directions An example is the thumb joint where the articulating bones are the carpal of the thumb and the trapezius

What types of movement are their. Each team is going to be given a special helper and will be given a different type of movement to look at and explain to the group what that type of movement is using their helper.

Now see if you can add the names of the movements to worksheet 1.6 in the final column.

Homework- Select two pictures of athletes of your choice, cut them out and stick them to a piece of A4. Discuss the type of movement at each of the major joints e.g. Ankle, knee, hip, vertebrae, wrist, elbow, shoulder and neck.

Vital Things to remember!

Flexion- The angle at the joint decreases Extension- The angle at the joint increases Abduction- Taking a body part away from the central line Adduction- Bringing a body part back towards the central line Medial Rotation- Body part moves back towards the central line Lateral Rotation- Body part moves away from the central line Supination- Palms up Pronation- Palms down Circumduction- Full range of movement from the shoulder or hip joint