ASEISMIC PLANNING

UNIT -VII

GENERAL GUIDELINES

SITE SELECTION

PLAN CONFIGURATION

Asymmetry should be avoided.

Asymmetric buildings undergo torsion. Extreme corners are subjected to very large earthquake forces

TORSION IRREGULARITIES
Sudden change in lateral stiffness should be avoided

TORSION IRREGULARITIES
& VERTIVAL DISCONTINUTIES
Large overhangs, projections and floating columns attract large earthquake forces and therefore likely to damage/ collapse

VETICAL IRREGULARITIES

DETAILS AT SEPARATION JOINT

MINIMUM DEPTH OF FOUNDATION

FOUNDATIONS IN LIQUEFIABLE SOILS

SLOPING ROOFS

PITCHED ROOF TRUSS

Pitched roof should have tie members and bracings. It should also be properly anchored to the walls

SEPARATED STAIR CASE

BUILT-IN STAIR CASE

ATTACHMENTS AND OVERHANGS

MASS IRRGULARITIES
Large water tanks should be avoided. Small water tanks, if provided, should be properly connected with the framing system.

EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN OF MASONRY BUILDINGS

DESIGN STEPS IN MASONRY BUILDINGS

SITE ANALYSIS
Following parameters should be noted carefully Earthquake Zone Ground Slope Soil Type Ground water table Building bye-laws Surroundings SELECTION OF SHAPE AND PLAN OF BUILDING A regular shape of building with plan symmetric about both axes should be selected. Suitable separation joints may be provided to make the different parts regular and symmetric

DESIGN STEPS IN MASONRY BUILDINGS - continued.

FOUNDATION DESIGN A suitable foundation type should be selected according to the guidelines. Minimum depth should always be provided WALL DESIGN Wall thickness, brick strength and mortar composition should be selected according to seismic zone and soil conditions EATHQUAKE BAND AND VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT Earthquake bands and vertical reinforcement should be provided in accordance with code DESIGN OF ROOF Flat roofs should be designed in RC as per IS 456:2000. In case of sloping roofs, suitable precautions should be taken.

AVOID LONG WALLS

FOUNDATIONS FOR MASONRY BUILDINGS

DETAILS AT CORNERS AND THROUGH STONES IN RUBBLE MASONRY

To avoid splitting of rubble masonry walls, through stones should be provided in sufficient numbers

MINIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN OPENINGS AND CORNERS

EARTHQUAKE BANDS AND VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT

EARTHQUAKE TIMBER BANDS FOR BRICK/ STONE MASONRY IN MUD MORTAR

EARTHQUAKE R.C. BANDS FOR BRICK/ STONE MASONRY IN CEMENT MORTAR

EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN OF RC BUILDINGS

R.C. FRAMED BUILDINGS

The multi-storey buildings are subjected to large earthquake forces and undergo large deformations. The concrete being brittle material and weak in tension, proper reinforcement should be provided to make the frame ductile enough to accommodate the large deformations during earthquake. The most critical points in frame are beam-column joints which are subjected to large reversible bending moment and shear force. Another critical point is the location of reinforcement splicing. These points should be provided with special confining reinforcement in the form of closely spaced (75-150 mm c/c stirrups) Earthquake load on the buildings should be calculated as per current earthquake codes of practice and adequate reinforcement should be provided The longitudinal reinforcement in beams should be properly anchored into columns. Shear failure of a member is brittle and it should be avoided. For this, the shear capacity of the members should be large enough to ensure safety in shear at the ultimate bending moment.

DESIGN STEPS IN R.C. FRAME BUILDINGS

SITE ANALYSIS Following parameters should be noted carefully - Earthquake Zone, Ground Slope, Soil Type, Ground water table, Building bye-laws, Surroundings SELECTION OF SHAPE AND PLAN OF BUILDING A regular grid plan symmetric about both axes should be selected. The building should have regularity of lateral stiffness along the height. Dissimilar portions should be separated by separation joints PRELIMINARY DESIGN Preliminary dimensions of members should be selected, keeping in view the regularity of stiffness LOAD CALCULATIONS Dead load, live load and wind load should be estimated as per IS 875: 1987 and earthquake load as per IS 1893: 2002

DESIGN STEPS IN R.C. FRAME BUILDINGS - continued. ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE A computer programme having space-frame model with proper rigid/ flexible floor diaphragm modelling is recommended. The member forces should be obtained for the following load combinations 1.5(DL+IL); 1.2(DL+ILEL/WL); 1.5(DLEL/WL); 0.9(DL1.5EL/WL) MEMBER DESIGN Beams and columns should be designed as per IS 456: 2000 FOUNDATION DESIGN A suitable foundation type should be selected based on the height of the building, seismic zone and bearing capacity of soil. Raft foundation is preferable. If isolated footings are provided, these must be connected together by tie beams. DUCTILE DETAILING Detailing of beams, columns, foundations and joints should be as per the guidelines. For further details refer IS 13920: 1993

WEAK BEAM AND STRONG COLUMN DESIGN

FOUNDATIONS FOR R.C. FRAMED BUILDINGS

SPECIAL CONFINING REINFORCEMENT AT JOINTS AND SPLICING

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS AT BEAMCOLUMN JOINTS T JUNCTION

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS AT BEAMCOLUMN JOINTS + JUNCTION

ANCHORAGE OF STIRRUPS

BUILDING WITH SOFT FIRST STOREY

BUILDING WITH SOFT FIRST STOREY

BUILDING WITH SOFT FIRST STOREY

Soft storey attracts large earthquake force and requires very large ductility. To make stiffness of the ground storey, comparable with that of the upper storeys large column and beam sizes and shear walls have to be used.

DESIGN OF SOFT STOREY BUILDINGS

SHORT COLUMN EFFECT IN FRAME BUILDINGS

DIAGONAL REINFORCEMENT IN SHEAR WALLS

Typical reinforcement detailing in coupling beam

MODEL DESIGNS
Model earthquake resistant design of three public buildings

SCHOOL
Functional Features
Entrance lobby Teachers offices (15) Principals office (1) Office (1) Class rooms(8) Meeting room (1) Audio/ visual class room (1) Hobbies room(1) Art room(1) Library (1) Ladies & gents toilets (4) Drinking water (0ne at each floor) Stair case (1) Central open space Parking space Prayer/ play ground

Structural Features
Two storey masonry structure Symmetric plan-form RC staircase separated with the rest of the building Flat RC roof Earthquake bands at plinth and lintel level Vertical reinforcement along corners, junctions and jambs of opening

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT AND SEPARATION JOINTS

STRUCTURAL DETAIL OF WALL

DISPENSARY
Functional Features
Entrance lobby Doctors room with check-up area (4) Nurses station (1) Ladies & gents toilet with bath (1 for each) Ladies & gents toilet without bath (1 for each) Ladies ward with capacity of 7 beds Gents ward with capacity of 7 beds I.C.U. Operation theatre Private wards (2) Stair case (1) Central open space Waiting area opposite to doctors room Waiting area opposite to operation theatre Waiting area opposite to private wards Outside sitting space Parking space

Structural Features
Single storey masonry structure Symmetric configuration about both axes Extended blocks are separated by separation joints Flat RC roof Earthquake bands at plinth and lintel level Vertical reinforcement along corners, junctions and jambs of opening

VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT AND SEPARATION JOINTS

STRUCTURAL DETAIL OF WALL

COMMUNITY HALL Functional Features

Entrance lobby Meeting room Supervisors office Multi-purpose hall having capacity of 75 persons with stage facility, one entrance and two exits Kitchen Store Service entry

Structural Features
Single storey masonry structure Symmetric configuration about both axes All extensions separated by separation joints Hipped roof Earthquake bands at plinth, lintel and an intermediate level between lintel and roof Vertical reinforcement at corners, junctions and jambs of openings

DISPENSARY

VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT AND SEPARATION JOINTS

STRUCTURAL DETAIL OF WALL

MODEL DESIGN
MODEL EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN OF A R.C. FRAMED BUILDING

R.C. FRAMED OFFICE BUILDING

Functional Features
Entrance lobby Office space with furniture layout (4) at each floor Waiting area (1) at each floor Stair-case Store (1) at each floor Drinking water facility (2) at each floor Ladies toilet (1) at each floor Gents toilets (1) at each floor

Structural Features
R.C.C. framed structure Regular grid pattern Symmetrically located stair-case enclosed by rigid masonry walls Symmetrical building with identical frames

R.C. FRAMED OFFICE BUILDING

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

FIRST, SECOND AND THIRD FLOOR PLAN

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF SLABS

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF SLABS

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF SLABS

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF SLABS

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF SLABS

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF BEAMS

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF BEAMS

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF BEAMS

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF EXTERIOR COLUMNS

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF INTERIOR COLUMNS

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF INTERIOR COLUMNS

DETAILS OF STAIR-CASE

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF STAIR-CASE

REINFORCEMENT DETAILS OF FOUNDATION