Communication

By Asst: Prof: Kamil Shahzad

Objective
Communication process
Communication channels in the

organization Effective communication in organization

Definitions
Communication
The process of transmitting information from one person to another

Effective Communication
The process of sending a message in such a way that the message received is as closed in meaning as possible to the message intended.

Communication Process
Sender 2 Encoding Noise 3 Transmission Through channels Receiver 4 Decoding

Start

1 Meaning

Noise

5 Meaning

8 Decoding

7 Transmission Through channels

6 Encoding

Noise

Interpersonal Communication
Oral Communication
Face-to-face conversation, group discussions, telephone calls, and other circumstances in which the spoken word is used to transit meaning.

Written Communication
Memos, letters, reports, notes, and other circumstances in which the written word is used to transmit meaning.

Interpersonal communication
Form Advantages Oral
1.
2.

Disadvantages
1.
2. 3.

Promotes feedback and interchange Is easy to use

Written

1. 2.

Tends to be more accurate Provides a record of the communication

1. 2.

May suffer form inaccuracies Leaves no permanent record Seldom time for thoughtful response Inhabits feedback and interchange Is more difficult and time consuming

organizational Communication
Vertical communication
Communication flows up and down.

Horizontal communication
Communication that flows laterally within the organization; involving colleagues and peers at the same level of organization.

Information System
Integration of people, process, data,

geography and Interface.

Electronic Communication
E mail
Cell phone (SMS, MMS) Teleconferencing Video conferencing

Communication Networks
The pattern through which the members of

a group communicate.

Communication network
3 2

4
1

1 2 4

wheel

3 Y

Communication Network
1 2 2 3 Circle 4 1 1

2 3 4 All Channel

3 4

5 Chain

Communication Network
The Grapevine
An informal communication network among people in an organization.

Gossip chain One person tells many

Cluster chain Many people tell a few

Informal Communication
Management by wandering around
An approach in which manager wandering around and have spontaneous conversation.

Informal Communication
Nonverbal communication
Any communication that does not use words or that use words to carry more meaning than the stick definition of the word

Informal Communication
Nonverbal Attributes
message 7%

Body posture 38%

Facial Expressi ng 55%

Effective Communication
Barriers free and completely

understandable communication is effective communication

Barriers to Communication
Individual Barriers
Conflicting or inconsistent cues Credibility about the subject Reluctance to communication Poor listening skills Predispositions about the subject

Barriers to Communication
Organizational Barriers
Semantics Status or power differences Different perceptions Noise overload

Overcome barriers to communication

Individual skills
Encourage two way communication Be aware of language and meaning Maintain credibility Be sensitive to receiver's perspective Be sensitive to senders perspective Develop good listening skills

Overcome barriers to communication

Organizational skills
Follow up Regulate information flows Understand the richness of media

More & Less listening skills

More
Active focused Pays attention Asks questions Keeps open mind Assimilates information

Less
Passive, laid back Easily distracted Asks no questions Has preconceptions Disregards information

By Kamil Shahzad
Assistant Professor Balochistan Institute of Technology