 To acquaint the students with transportation in

human beings.
 To impart the knowledge of blood components,
circulatory system, structure of human heart and
blood vessels.
 Transportation of digested food, oxygen,
hormones and waste material in human
beings occurs through blood and Lymph.
This purpose is solved by Circulatory System
having following parts:
1:-- Circulatory medium Blood
2:-- Blood Vessels
Arteries,Veins,Capillaries
3:-- Pumping organ Heart
 It is thick, red and salty connective tissue. Its pH
ranges from 7.3 to 7.5. It is composed of two
components- Plasma and Blood corpuscles.
Plasma- It is light yellow coloured fluid including
water, chlorides and proteins.
Blood Corpuscles- Human blood composes of
three types of blood corpuscles:
4. R.B.C.
5. W.B.C.
6. Platelets
R.B.C.
These are red
in colour due to
haemoglobin.
Their life span is
of 120 days.
W.B.C.
These act as
soldiers by
constructing anti
bodies Their life
span is of 3-4
days
Platelets
These corpuscles
help in coagulation
of blood. Their life
span is of 7days
 Exchange of essential nutrients, gases waste
products, hormones, enzymes and ions.
 To regulate body temperature.
 W.B.C. act as soldiers by making antibodies
against infections.
 Platelets help in blood coagulation.
 Globulin and Albumin help in osmoregulation.
 Blood vessels are of three types-
2. Arteries
3. Veins
4. Capillaries
Arteries:--
Arteries are red coloured,deep seated, thick walled vessels carrying
oxygenated blood from heart to all parts of body without valves.
Veins:--
Veins are blue coloured,superficial ,thin walled vessels carrying
deoxygenated blood from all parts of body to heart. Veins have valves.
Capillaries:--
Capillaries are thin walled vessels with narrow lumen. These perform
the function of exchange of gases, digested food, waste products and
hormones.
 Human heart is highly muscular, reddish
brown, conical, pumping organ situated
in thoracic cavity. In adults heart is
12c.m. in length and 9 c.m. in breadth. It
is protected by double layered
pericardium filled with fluid called
pericardial fluid.
It consists of four chambers
upper auricles and lower ventricles. Left
and right sides of heart are completely
divided by intra-auriculo-ventricular
septum. Right auricle and ventricle are
interconnected by tricuspid valve and
left are interconnected by bicuspid valve
to prevent the backflow of blood. Since
the ventricles have to pump the blood to
all body parts , these are thick walled.
A Catheter is inserted
in diseased artery.
Repeatedly inflation
and deflation of balloon
at the end of catheter
flattens the plaque to
restore the blood flow
through blocked artery
Angiogram is an
X-ray examination
of heart after
injection of dye
Areas blocked by
arthero-sclerotic
plaque appear as
dark spots.
Arterial Plaque is
deposited due to
Arthrosclerosis. Plaque
is deposited along the
inner lining of artery. It
consists of Cholesterol,
Platelets, Muscles cells
and the other tissues.
Angiogram records the
activity of heart.
Irregularities in
angiogram diagnose
coronary heart
diseases, diseases of
muscles, blood supply
and neural control of
heart.
 What is transportation?
 How many chambers are there in human heart?
 Write different types of blood vessels?
 Why are ventricles thick walled ?
 Draw labelled diagram of human heart?
 What is E.C.G.?
 What is angiogram?
 ------- help in blood coagulation.
 W.B.C. act as ----------.
 Haemoglobin is ------- carriers.
 ENCARTA ENCYCLOPEDIA DELUXE
2005
 TEXT BOOK FOR SEC. CLASSES
(P.S.E.B.)
 http://www.web anatomy