REPORT IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY

PRESENTED BY: DENNIS CHRISTOPHER ALFRED A. SAJO THERESE ANN C. VELASCO BSP 3H

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REPORT IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY

BIOCHEMICAL TESTING IMVIC TEST SOLID CULTURE MEDIA

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BIOCHEMICAL TESTING
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BIOCHEMICAL TESTING: DEFINITION

Measuring the amount or activity of a particular enzyme or protein in a sample of blood or urine or other tissue from the body.

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BIOCHEMICAL TESTING: PURPOSE

Biochemical tests identify the main biologically important chemical compounds.

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BIOCHEMICAL TESTING: REAGENTS

3% hydrogen peroxide oxidase test reagent

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BIOCHEMICAL TESTING: RESULTS

3% hydrogen peroxide Result: BUBBLES observed

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BIOCHEMICAL TESTING: RESULTS

oxidase test reagent Result: the organism turns DARK PURPLE color in less than 30 seconds

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IMVIC TEST
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IMVIC TEST: DEFINITION

A group of four cultural tests used to differentiate genera of bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae and to distinguish them from other bacteria Indole Test Methyl Red Test Voges-Proskauer Test Citrate Test
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IMVIC TEST: PURPOSE

The significance of these tests are that when testing drinking water for the presence of the sewage indicator E. coli, one must be able to rule out Enterobacter aerogenes.

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IMVIC TEST: REAGENTS

Methyl Red Barrits reagent Simmon Citrate Agar Kovac's reagent

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IMVIC TEST: RESULTS

Methyl Red Results: reagent REMAINS RED, indicating that large amounts of acid were produced by bacteria

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IMVIC TEST: RESULTS

Barrits reagent Result: turn a pink-burgundy color

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IMVIC TEST: RESULTS

Simmon Citrate Agar Result: development of a Prussian blue color

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IMVIC TEST: RESULTS

Kovac's reagent Result: DARK PINK COLOR develops

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SOLID CUTLURE MEDIA

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SOLID CULTURE MEDIA: DEFINITION

This media is used to test if bacteria can digest the protein gelatin.

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SOLID CULTURE MEDIA: PURPOSE

This test determines whether an organism produces a proteolytic-like enzyme that can liquefy or digest gelatin, a protein produced by the hydrolysis of collagen

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SOLID CULTURE MEDIA: REAGENTS

Triple sugar iron

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SOLID CULTURE MEDIA: RESULT

Triple sugar iron Result: media is liquefied even after refrigeration, then the test result is positive
(the bacteria is able to digest gelatin)

The 'Serratia marcescens' on the left is positive for gelatinase production, as evidenced by the liquidation of the media. The 'Salmonella typhimurium' on the right is negative, as evidenced by the solidity of the media.

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REPORT IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY

Amoxicillin Cloxacillin Oxacillin Ampicillin Clindamycin Tetracycline Co-trimoxazole Metronidazole Novobiocin Erythromycin Cefalexin Cefuroxime

ANTIBIOTICS
Penicillin

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AMOXICILLIN

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AMOXICILLIN
Mechanism of Action This drug acts by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. It inhibits cross-linkage between the linear peptidoglycan polymer chains that make up a major component of the cell walls of both Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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AMOXICILLIN
Penicillins
Classification

Use Certain types of bacterial infections can be treated with amoxicillin. Uses of the antibiotic include the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections, ear infections, strep throat, and gonorrhea. The medication is approved for use in both adults and children (including very young children). Some healthcare providers may also occasionally recommend off-label uses of amoxicillin, such as for preventing infections instead of treating them.
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CLOXACILLIN

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CLOXACILLIN
Mechanism of Action By binding to specific penicillinbinding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, cloxacillin inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that cloxacillin interferes with an autolysin inhibitor.
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CLOXACILLIN
Classification

Penicillins
Use Cloxacillin is used against staphylococci that produce beta-lactamase, due to its large R chain, which does not allow the beta-lactamases to bind.
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OXACILLIN

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OXACILLIN
Mechanism of Action By binding to specific penicillinbinding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, Oxacillin inhibits the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Cell lysis is then mediated by bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins; it is possible that Oxacillin interferes with an autolysin inhibitor.
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OXACILLIN
Classification

Penicillins Use OXACILLIN is a penicillin antibiotic. It is used to treat certain kinds of bacterial infections.
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AMPICILLIN

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AMPICILLIN
Mechanism of Action Ampicillin is able to penetrate Grampositive and some Gram-negative bacteria. It differs from penicillin only by the presence of an amino group. That amino group helps the drug penetrate the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria.
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AMPICILLIN
Classification

Penicillins Use As supplement in systemic therapy for treatment of susceptible infections and Biliary tract infections
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CLINDAMYCIN

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CLINDAMYCIN
Mechanism of Action Systemic/vaginal clindamycin inhibits protein synthesis of bacteria by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunits of the bacteria. Specifically, it binds primarily to the 23s RNA subunit. Topical clindamycin reduces free fatty acid concentrations on the skin and suppresses the growth of Propionibacterium acnes (Corynebacterium acnes) , an anaerobe found in sebaceous glands and follicles.
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CLINDAMYCIN
Classification Other Antibiotics / Preparations for Vaginal Conditions / Acne Treatment Preparations Use Clindamycin is used primarily to treat anaerobic infections caused by susceptible anaerobic bacteria, including dental infections, and infections of the respiratory tract, skin and soft tissue infections, and peritonitis.
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PENICILLIN

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PENICILLIN
Penicillins, like other lactam antibiotics, block not only the division of bacteria, including cyanobacteria, but also the division of cyanelles, the photosynthetic organelles of the glaucophytes, and the division of chloroplasts of bryophytes.

Mechanism of Action

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PENICILLIN
Classification Other Antibiotics / Preparations for Vaginal Conditions / Acne Treatment Preparations Use Procaine penicillin and benzathine penicillin have the same antibacterial activity as benzylpenicillin but act for a longer period. Phenoxymethylpenicillin is less active against Gram-negative bacteria than benzylpenicillin.
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CO-TRIMOXAZOLE

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CO-TRIMOXAZOLE
Mechanism of Action Sulfamethoxazole inhibits bacterial synthesis of dihydrofolic acid by competing with PABA. Trimethoprim blocks production of tetrahydrofolic acid by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. This combination blocks 2 consecutive steps in bacterial biosynthesis of essential nucleic acids and proteins and is usually bactericidal.
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CO-TRIMOXAZOLE
Antibacterial
Classification

Use Treatment for Acute Otitis Media, GI Infections, Respiratory tract Infections, UTI, Brucellosis, Cholera, Granuloma Inguinale, Isosporiasis, Listeria infections, Mycobacterial Infections, Nocardia, Pertussis, Plague, pneumocytosis, toxoplasmosis , thypoid fever, whipples disease.
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TETRACYCLINE

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TETRACYCLINE
Mechanism of Action Tetracycline antibiotics are protein synthesis inhibitors, inhibiting the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to the mRNA-ribosome complex. They do so mainly by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit in the mRNA translation complex.
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TETRACYCLINE
Antibacterial
Classification

Use Tetracycline is most commonly used for the treatment of bacterial infections. A few of the bacterial infections that tetracycline may be used to treat include pink eye, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and urinary tract infections. The antibiotic is also used to treat moderate to severe acne and Helicobacter pylori infections.
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METRONIDAZOLE

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METRONIDAZOLE
Mechanism of Action Metronidazole, taken up by diffusion, is selectively absorbed by anaerobic bacteria and sensitive protozoa. Once taken up by anaerobes, it is nonenzymatically reduced by reacting with reduced ferredoxin, which is generated by pyruvate oxido-reductase. This reduction causes the production of toxic products to anaerobic cells, and allows for selective accumulation in anaerobes.
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METRONIDAZOLE
Antibacterial
Classification

Use Metronidazole is an antibiotic effective against anaerobic bacteria and certain parasites. Anaerobic bacteria are single-celled, living organisms that thrive in environments in which there is little oxygen (anaerobic environments) and can cause disease in the abdomen (bacterial peritonitis), liver (liver abscess), and pelvis (abscess of the ovaries and the Fallopian tubes).
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NOVOBIOCIN

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NOVOBIOCIN
Mechanism of Action The mechanism of action of novobiocin was studied in various strains of Escherichia coli. In all strains tested except mutants of strain ML, the drug immediately and reversibly inhibited cell division, and later slowed cell growth. The previously described impairment of membrane integrity, degradation of ribonucleic acid (RNA), and associated bactericidal effect were found to be peculiar to ML strains.
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NOVOBIOCIN
Classification Antibacterial

Use Treatment of susceptible gram positive bacteria

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ERYTHROMYCIN

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ERYTHROMYCIN
Mechanism of Action Erythromycin interferes with aminoacyl translocation, preventing the transfer of the tRNA bound at the A site of the rRNA complex to the P site of the rRNA complex.

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ERYTHROMYCIN
Classification Macrolide antibiotics Use It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats or prevents only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (e.g., common cold, flu).
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CEFALEXIN

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CEFALEXIN
Mechanism of Action Bactericidal: inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell wall, causing cell death.

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CEFALEXIN
Classification Antibacterial Use This drug is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, as it is a broad spectrum antibiotic. It is often used to treat urinary tract infections that have not responded to other drugs.
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CEFUROXIME

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CEFUROXIME
Mechanism of Action Bactericidal: inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell wall, causing cell death.

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CEFUROXIME
Classification Antibacterial Use It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (e.g., common cold, flu).
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THANK YOU

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REPORT IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY

PRESENTED BY: DENNIS CHRISTOPHER ALFRED A. SAJO THERESE ANN C. VELASCO BSP 3H

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