Chapter10 Section02

10-2 Cell Division
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10-2 Cell Division
Cell Division
In eukaryotes, cell division occurs in two major stages. The first stage, division of the cell nucleus, is called mitosis. The second stage, division of the cell cytoplasm, is called cytokinesis.
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10-2 Cell Division
Chromosomes
Chromosomes
Genetic information is passed from one generation to the next on chromosomes.
Before cell division, each chromosome is duplicated, or copied.
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10-2 Cell Division
Chromosomes
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10-2 Cell Division
Chromosomes
Each duplicated chromosome consists of two identical sister chromatids. Each pair of chromatids is attached at an area called the centromere.
Sister chromatids
Centromere
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10-2 Cell Division
Chromosomes
When the cell divides, the chromatids separate. Each new cell gets one chromatid.
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10-2 Cell Division
The Cell Cycle
Cell Cycle
The cell cycle is the series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide. Interphase is the period of growth that occurs between cell divisions.
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10-2 Cell Division
The Cell Cycle
During the cell cycle:
a cell grows prepares for division divides to form two daughter cells, each
of which begins the cycle again
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10-2 Cell Division
The Cell Cycle
The cell cycle consists of four phases:
G1 (First Gap Phase) S Phase G2 (Second Gap Phase) M Phase
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10-2 Cell Division
Events of the Cell Cycle

During G1, the cell
increases in size synthesizes new proteins and organelles
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10-2 Cell Division
During the S phase,
chromosomes are replicated
DNA synthesis takes place

Once a cell enters the S phase, it usually completes the rest of the cell cycle.
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10-2 Cell Division
The G2 Phase (Second Gap Phase)
organelles and molecules required for cell

division are produced
Once G2 is complete, the cell is ready to start the

M phaseMitosis
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10-2 Cell Division
Cell Cycle
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10-2 Cell Division
Mitosis
Mitosis
Biologists divide the events of mitosis into four phases: (PMAT)
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

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10-2 Cell Division
Mitosis
Mitosis
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10-2 Cell Division

Section 10-2
Mitosis
Prophase
Spindle forming
Prophase
Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Centromere
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10-2 Cell Division
Mitosis Spindle forming
Prophase Prophase is the first and longest phase of mitosis. The centrioles separate.
Centromere Chromosomes (paired chromatids)

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10-2 Cell Division
The centrioles lie in a region called the centrosome.
The centrosome helps to organize the spindle.

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10-2 Cell Division
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
The nuclear envelope breaks down.

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10-2 Cell Division
Mitosis
Metaphase
Centriole Spindle Centriole
Metaphase
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10-2 Cell Division
Mitosis
Centriole
Metaphase The second phase of mitosis is metaphase. The chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. Spindle microtubules connect the centromere of each chromosome.
Spindle
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10-2 Cell Division
Mitosis
Anaphase
Individual chromosomes
Anaphase
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10-2 Cell Division
Mitosis
Anaphase Anaphase is the third phase of mitosis.
Individual chromosomes
The sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes.
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10-2 Cell Division
Mitosis
Telophase
Nuclear envelope reforming
Telophase
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10-2 Cell Division
Mitosis
Telophase Telophase is the fourth and final phase of mitosis. Chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell and lose their distinct shape.
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10-2 Cell Division
Mitosis
A new nuclear envelope forms around each cluster of chromosomes.
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10-2 Cell Division
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis
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10-2 Cell Division
Cytokinesis
During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm pinches in half. Each daughter cell has an identical set of duplicate chromosomes
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10-2 Cell Division
Cytokinesis in Plants
In plants, a structure known as the cell plate forms midway between the divided nuclei.
Cell plate Cell wall
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10-2
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10-2
The series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide is called a. the cell cycle. b. mitosis. c. interphase. d. cytokinesis.

10-2
The phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell is a. prophase. b. metaphase.
c. anaphase.
d. telophase.

10-2
Cytokinesis usually occurs a. at the same time as telophase.
b. after telophase.
c. during interphase.
d. during anaphase

10-2
DNA replication takes place during the a. S phase of the cell cycle.
b. G1 phase of the cell cycle.

c. G2 phase of the cell cycle.
d. M phase of the cell cycle.

10-2
During mitosis, sister chromatids separate from one another during a. telophase. b. interphase. c. anaphase. d. metaphase.

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10-2 Cell Division

10-2 Cell Division

10-2 Cell Division

Before cell division, each chromosome is duplicated, or copied.

Slide 3 of 38 End Show

10-2 Cell Division

10-2 Cell Division

10-2 Cell Division

10-2 Cell Division

The Cell Cycle

10-2 Cell Division

The Cell Cycle

During the cell cycle:

10-2 Cell Division

The Cell Cycle

The cell cycle consists of four phases:

G1 (First Gap Phase) S Phase G2 (Second Gap Phase) M Phase

10-2 Cell Division

Events of the Cell Cycle

Events of the Cell Cycle

increases in size synthesizes new proteins and organelles

10-2 Cell Division

Events of the Cell Cycle

During the S phase,

chromosomes are replicated

DNA synthesis takes place

10-2 Cell Division

Events of the Cell Cycle

The G2 Phase (Second Gap Phase)

organelles and molecules required for cell

Once G2 is complete, the cell is ready to start the

10-2 Cell Division

Events of the Cell Cycle

10-2 Cell Division

Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

10-2 Cell Division

10-2 Cell Division

Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Centromere

10-2 Cell Division

Mitosis Spindle forming

Centromere Chromosomes (paired chromatids)

10-2 Cell Division

Mitosis Spindle forming

The centrioles lie in a region called the centrosome.

The centrosome helps to organize the spindle.

Centromere Chromosomes (paired chromatids)

10-2 Cell Division

Mitosis Spindle forming

Chromatin condenses into chromosomes.

The nuclear envelope breaks down.

Centromere Chromosomes (paired chromatids)

10-2 Cell Division

Centriole Spindle Centriole

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10-2 Cell Division

10-2 Cell Division

10-2 Cell Division

Anaphase Anaphase is the third phase of mitosis.

The sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes.

10-2 Cell Division

Nuclear envelope reforming

10-2 Cell Division

10-2 Cell Division